1、职称英语(卫生类)9 及答案解析(总分：-22.07，做题时间：120 分钟)1.It was very hard to (grasp) what he actually meant.（分数：-1.00）A.controlB.reachC.catch on toD.scope on2.He has (thought out) the best way of saving oil for your car.（分数：-1.00）A.consideredB.decidedC.devotedD.devised3.He (endured) all kinds of hardships in his so
2、lo sailing around the world.（分数：-1.00）A.sufferedB.experiencedC.lastedD.overcame4.The football game (started) at 2:30.（分数：-1.00）A.beganB.continuedC.endedD.happened5.Large areas of Alaskan land remain (desolate) due to harsh climate.（分数：-1.00）A.barrenB.immatureC.inaccessibleD.passionate6.A seismograph
3、 is a (device) designed to measure vibrations of the ground.（分数：-1.00）A.elementB.telescopeC.vehicleD.instrument7.While they were away on vocation, they allowed their mail to (be accumulated) at the post office.（分数：-1.00）A.be decreasedB.be deliveredC.be piled upD.be returned8.Your father is (furious)
4、 about the damage you have done to the flower beds.（分数：-1.00）A.angryB.anxiousC.uncertainD.worried9.Grandfather would (stay up) till small hours reading.（分数：-1.00）A.sit upB.sit inC.sit onD.sit through10.The doctors have (abandoned) the hope to rescue the old man.（分数：-1.00）A.leftB.given upC.turned dow
5、nD.refused11.We can (utilize) water for producing electric power.（分数：-1.00）A.employB.embraceC.emergeD.emphasize12.The boy was seriously (wounded) in the accident.（分数：-1.00）A.damagedB.injuredC.destroyedD.devastated13.The machine must be operated (by hand). It isnt automatic.（分数：-1.00）A.mentallyB.annu
6、allyC.manuallyD.heavily14.I have a (permanent) job here.（分数：-1.00）A.newB.high-paidC.stableD.temporary15.Some insects rely on the tiny hairs scattered over their bodies to (sense) sound waves.（分数：-1.00）A.convertB.disguiseC.sendD.detectCompetition The question of whether war is inevitable is one which
7、 has concerned many of the worlds great writers. Before considering this question, it will be useful to introduce some related concepts. Conflict, defined as opposition among social entities directed against one another, is distinguished from competition, defined as opposition among social entities
8、independently striving for something which is in inadequate supply. Competitors may not be aware of one another, while the parties to a conflict are. Conflict and competition are both categories of opposition, which has been defined as a process by which social entities function in the disservice of
9、 one another. Opposition is thus contrasted with cooperation, the process by which social entities function in the service of one another. These definitions are necessary because it is important to emphasize that competition between individuals or groups is inevitable in a world of limited resources
10、, but conflict is not. Conflict, nevertheless, is very likely to occur, and is probably an essential and desirable element of human societies. Many authors have argued for the inevitability of war from the premise that in the struggle for existence among animal species, only the fittest survive. In
11、general, however, this struggle in nature is competition, not conflict. Social animals, such as monkeys and cattle, fight to win or maintain leadership of the group. The struggle for existence occurs not in such fights, but in the competition for limited feeding areas and for the occupancy(占有)of are
12、as free from meat-eating animals. Those who fail in this competition starve to death or become victims to other species. This struggle for existence does not resemble human war, but rather the competition of individuals for jobs, markets, and materials. The essence of the struggle is the competition
13、 for the necessities of life that are insufficient to satisfy all. Among nations there is competition in developing resources, trades, skills, and a satisfactory way of life. The successful nations grow and proper (繁荣); the unsuccessful decline. While it is true that this competition may induce effo
14、rts to expand territory at the expense of others, and thus lead to conflict, it cannot be said that warlike conflict among nations is inevitable, although competition is. （分数：-0.98）(1).In first paragraph, the author gives the definition of some terms in order to distinguish between two kinds of oppo
15、sition.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(2).According to the author, competition differs from conflict in that it results in war in most cases.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(3).The phrase “function in the disservice of one another“ (Para. 1) most probably means harm each other.（分数：-0.
16、14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(4).The author indicates in the passage that conflict can be avoided.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(5).The passage is probably intended to answer the question“ Why is there conflict and competition?“（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(6).Competition is es
17、sentially a struggle for existence.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(7).Competition can lead to conflict.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not MentionedHints for Reading Practice 1. Most of us can find 15 minutes or half an hour each day for some specific regular activity. For example, one famous surg
18、eon always made it a rule to spend at least 15 minutes on general reading before he went to sleep each day. Whether he went to bed at 10 p. m. or 2. 30 a. m. made no difference. 2. Nearly all “Speed Reading“ courses have a “pacing“some timing device which lets the students know how many words a minu
19、te he is reading. You can do this simply by looking at your watch every 5 or 10 minutes and noting down the page number you have reached. 3. Obviously there is little point in increasing your reading speed if you do not understand what you are reading. If you find you have lost the thread of the sto
20、ry, or you cannot remember clearly the details of what was said, re-read the section or chapter. 4. Take four or five pages of an interesting book you happen to be reading at the time. Read them as fast as you possibly can. Do not bother about whether you understand or not. If you keep doing this “l
21、ightning speed“ reading for an extended period of time, you will usually find that your “normal“ speed has increased. 5. Most paragraphs in an article have a “a topic sentence“ which expresses the central ideas. The opening paragraph often suggests the general direction and content of the piece, whi
22、le paragraphs that follow expand or support the first. The closing paragraph often summarizes the very essence of what has been said. A. The Organization of an Article B. An Effective Way to Increase Reading Speed C. Set Aside Time Each Day D. Check Your Comprehension E. Check Your Reading Speed F.
23、Hints for Reading Practice （分数：-1.04）(1).Paragraph 2（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.(2).Paragraph 3（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(3).Paragraph 4（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(4).Paragraph 5（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(5).Most of us can find 15 minutes or half an hour each day for_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(6).You can check your reading speed by_.（分数：-
24、0.13）A.B.C.D.(7).If you keep doing “lightning speed“ reading for a period of time, you will find that _.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(8).Most paragraphs in an article have a “a topic sentence“ which _.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.The Development of Both HIV And Its Cure As the number of people infected (传染) with the AIDS
25、causing HIV rose to more than 14 million worldwide and as new research showed that in the U.S. one of every 92 young men may be infected, a cure for the disease still remained an elusive(令人困惑的) dream. To help slow the spread of HIV to infants, the CDC in July called for all pregnant(怀孕的) women to be
26、 tested for the virus(毒素). The recommendation (推荐) stemmed (发展) from a. study that found that the risk that an HIV-infected woman will pass the virus on to her unborn child is cut by two-thirds if the mother receives the drug azidothymidine ( AZT) during pregnancy. The year was also marked by the fi
27、rst official recognition (认可)that treating HIV-infected people with a combination(结合) of antiviral(抗毒素的) drugs is superior to treating them with only AZT, a drug that had been the gold standard of treatment since the late 1980s. At an international conference in Copenhagen, a pane(专门小组)of scientists
28、 recommended that patients with the AIDS virus receive combination therapy, although there was still no consensus (一致)on when in the course of the disease the drugs should be started. In December the FDA approved the first of a long-awaited new class of AIDS drugs, called protease inhibitors , Physi
29、cians emphasized, however, that the new drug, saquinavir, is not a cure and must be taken in combination with other AIDS drugs. A glimmer(微光)of hope for a cure came when a team from the University of Washington reported in November that a new drug, PMPA, prevented monkeys from becoming infected by t
30、he monkey version of HIV even when the virus was injected(注射) directly into the animals. The year also provided the research community (界) , with a few more clues (线索) on how to attack HIV. In June researchers found that 70% of West African women infected with a slow-acting, less easily transmitted(
31、传播)type of the virus were protected against infection by the faster-acting type, which was most common in the West. Earlier in the year hopes for lifesaving(救命的) AIDS treatments or vaccines (痘苗) were also bolstered (支持) by an intriguing(激起好奇心的)and hotly debatedreport that at least two children who h
32、ad been born infected with the AIDS virus later became free of it. Despite the mammoth(巨大的) swath(长而宽的地带) of destruction(破坏) that AIDS has cut around the world since it first surfaced(升到水面) just 15 years ago, it took a much rarer(稀有的)and much swifter(反应快的)killer, the Ebola virus, to jolt (唤起) the pu
33、blic out of its complacency(自满) toward the threat of emerging infectious (感染性的) diseases. （分数：-1.00）(1).Which of the following may refer to an organization?（分数：-0.20）A.AZTB.FDAC.HIVD.AIDS(2).The CDC called on all pregnant women to be tested for HIV_.（分数：-0.20）A.because children will avoid being infe
34、cted if the mother receives AZT during pregnancyB.for two-thirds of the children have been infected with HIVC.in order to prevent the spread of HIV to infantsD.for the purpose of decreasing the risk of an HIV-infected mother passing HIV to her infants(3).Which of the following statements about HIV a
35、nd AIDS is NOT TRUE?（分数：-0.20）A.There are different types of HIV in the world.B.HIV may cause AIDS.C.In the U. S. more than 1% of young men are infected by HIV.D.AIDS has done much harm to humans.(4).Compared with AIDS, Ebola virus_.（分数：-0.20）A.affects more people in the worldB.emerged much earlierC
36、.is much more deadlyD.attracts much public attention to the threat of infections diseases(5).According to the passage_.（分数：-0.20）A.most scientists believe that children born infected with the AIDS virus will get rid of it laterB.physicians emphasized that saquinavir should be taken in combination wi
37、th other drugsC.10% of west African women were infected with a slow-acting and less easily transmitted type of HIV virusD.researchers of the University of Washington provided a new cure for AIDSOn the Train The night train from Glasgow was so crowded that Donald, who was on his way to London to find
38、 a temporary job for the university vacation, wished that he had decided to travel by day. He had never been so hard up. He got on the train and walked along the corridor of the second-class compartments. He couldnt find a seat anywhere. He could not afford to travel first class, and he did not want
39、 to stand in the corridor. Neither did he want to sit on his suitcase. He was so tired that he decided to sit down in a first class compartment at least for a while. He soon found one with a single occupant (乘客) , a gentleman reading documents from a briefcase. With the self-assurance of a first cla
40、ss traveler, he opened the door and went in. No sooner had he sat down than the ticket inspector arrived. What bad luck! Now he would have to pay the excess (额外的) fare. As he turned out his pocket to find enough money he saw the gentleman was watching him with amusement. It was humiliating (令人感到羞辱的)
41、. However, he was so tired that he soon fell asleep. Presently, hearing a noise, he half opened his eyes. Not only did he notice that his traveling companion had gone, but he also saw that a rough-looking man was searching through the businessmans briefcase. Donald grabbed the briefcase and wrenched
42、 (猛夺) it free, kicking at the mans leg. The man fled. Then the businessman returned and found Donald holding the briefcase and peering inside it. Donald realized that he was in quite an awkward situation, but the man was smiling. Nor was this the only surprising thing. Not only was the gentleman (wh
43、o introduced himself as Mr. Smith) smiling, but he thanked Donald warmly. On his way back to the compartment, Mr. Smith had seen the man leaving in a great hurry. He had so quickly assessed the situation that he knew Donald was innocent. Only after a long chat, in which Donald was asked many questio
44、ns about himself, did Donald discover that Mr. Smith was in fact managing director of a large factory in London. Donald had never imagined that this strange incident would help him to find a job, but just as they were leaving the train, Mr. Smith offered him the post of temporary Night Security Offi
45、cer for his factory. （分数：-1.00）(1).The train Donald took was_.（分数：-0.20）A.a night train to LondonB.a night train Jo GlasgowC.a daytime train to LondonD.a daytime train to Glasgow(2).Donald went into a first-class compartment as if he were_.（分数：-0.20）A.a conductorB.a cleanerC.an inspectorD.a first cl
46、ass traveler(3).According to paragraphs 1 and 2, which of the following statements about Donald is NOT true?（分数：-0.20）A.He traveled without any baggage.B.He was badly in need of money.C.He bought a ticket for a second-class compartment.D.He was probably a university student.(4).Which of the followin
47、g words is closest in meaning to “awkward“ in paragraph 4?（分数：-0.20）A.Difficult.B.Dangerous.C.Desperate.D.Embarrassing.(5).Mr. Smith realized that Donald was innocent_.（分数：-0.20）A.after he had swiftly evaluated the situationB.before he met the fleeing manC.after he had a long chat with DonaldD.after
48、 he checked the briefcaseAmericans Decrease Increasingly, historians are blaming diseases imported from the Old World for the staggering disparity(不同) between the indigenous (本土的) population of America in 1492new estimates of which soar as high as 100 million, or approximately one-sixth of the human
49、 race at that timeand the few million full-blooded Native Americans alive at the end of the nineteenth century. There is no doubt that chronic disease was an important factor in the precipitous(险峻的) decline, and it is highly probable that the greatest killer was epidemic disease, especially as manifested in virgin-soil (处女地) epidemics. Virgin-soil epidemics are those in which the populations at risk have had no previous contact with the diseases that strike them and are therefore immunologically(免疫学的) almost defense
