1、职称英语(卫生类)8 及答案解析(总分：-22.07，做题时间：120 分钟)1.Its hard to (alter) ones habits.（分数：-1.00）A.changeB.developC.shortenD.enlarge2.She (undertakes) to verify the true source of the rumor.（分数：-1.00）A.triesB.decidesC.promisesD.refuses.3.There is less crime now; it seems that there is a (fall) in the crime rate.（
2、分数：-1.00）A.decreaseB.inclineC.defeatD.slope4.Please (check) your bill before you leave the shop and make sure that it is correct.（分数：-1.00）A.pay offB.go overC.look upD.find out5.The (first) talks between China and the United States were the base of the later agreement.（分数：-1.00）A.primaryB.originalC.
3、initialD.primitive6.O. J. Simpson, who ranks as one of the best runners in American football history was known for his (speed) and agility.（分数：-1.00）A.swiftnessB.sizeC.stadiumD.strength7.It is difficult to understand this kind of (complicated) calculation.（分数：-1.00）A.contemporaryB.complexC.mobileD.v
4、aried8.Mr. Jackson wants to (give out) this news as soon as possible.（分数：-1.00）A.announceB.emitC.explainD.finish9.When snow (collects) on top of a building during the winter, the weight sometimes weakens the construction and occasionally causes the roof to collapse.（分数：-1.00）A.selectsB.scattersC.mel
5、tsD.accumulates10.Icy roads and poor visibility are familiar (hazards) in the Midwest.（分数：-1.00）A.chargesB.conditionsC.weatherD.dangers11.Our public transportation is not (sufficient) for the need of the people in our major cities.（分数：-1.00）A.additionalB.efficientC.excessiveD.adequate12.Mary (seldom
6、) buys ice-cream.（分数：-1.00）A.alwaysB.neverC.usuallyD.hardly ever13.Experiments enable young scientists to judge accurately what must be accepted and what must be viewed with (suspicion).（分数：-1.00）A.doubtB.beliefC.curiosityD.judgment14.Electrical appliances such as toasters or hair dryers are designe
7、d to (take advantage of) the ability of an electric current to heat a wire.（分数：-1.00）A.augmentB.make sense ofC.make use ofD.reinstall15.The boy was seriously (wounded) in the accident.（分数：-1.00）A.damagedB.injuredC.destroyedD.devastatedMost Adults in U. S. Have Low Risk of Heart Disease More than 80
8、percent of US adults have a less than 10 percent risk of developing heart disease in the next 10 years, according to a report in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology. Just 3 percent have a risk that exceeds 20 percent. “I hope that these numbers will give physicians, researchers, health
9、 policy analysts, and others a better idea of how coronary heart disease is distributed in the US population, “ lead author Dr. Earl S. Ford, from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in Atlanta, said in a statement. The findings are based on analysis of data from 13,769 subjects, between
10、20 and 79 years of age, who participated in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 1988 to 1994. Overall, 82 percent of adults had a risk of less than 10 percent, 15 percent had a risk that fell between 10 to 20 percent, and 3 percent had a risk above 20 percent. The proport
11、ion of subjects in the highest risk group increased with advancing age, and men were more likely than women to be in this group. By contrast, race or ethnicity had little effect on risk distributions. Although the report suggests that most adults have a low 10-year risk of heart disease, a large pro
12、portion have a high or immediate risk, Dr. Daniel S. Berman, from Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, and Dr. Nathan D. Wong, from the University of California at Irvine, note in a related editorial. Aggressive treatment measures and public health strategies are needed to shift the overall p
13、opulation risk downward, they add. （分数：-0.98）(1).The 10-year risk of heart disease is low for most US adults.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).Only 3 percent of US adults have a more than 10 percent 10-year risk of heart disease.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).More than l00 thous
14、and people participated in the survey.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).There was a greater proportion of men than women in the survey.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).The distributions of the risk of heart disease are closely related to race.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentione
15、d(6).Elderly people have a higher risk of heart disease than younger people.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).The US government will take measures to reduce the overall population risk.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentionedParis 1. Paris, the capital and the largest city of the country, is
16、 in north central France. The Paris metropolitan area contains nearly 20% of the nation “s population and is the economic, cultural, and political center of France. The French governments have historically favored the city as the site for all decision-making, thus, powerfully attracting nearly all o
17、f the nations activities. 2. Paris has grown steadily since it was chosen as the national capital in the late 10th century. With the introduction of the Industrial Revolution, a great number of people moved to the city from the country during the 19th century. The migration was especially stimulated
18、 by the construction of railroads, which provided easy access to the capital. After World War II more and more immigrants arrived. 3. The city is the centralized control point of most national radio and television broadcasting. It is a place of publication of the most prestigious newspapers and maga
19、zines and an international book publishing center. With more than 100 museums, Paris has truly been one of the greatest concentrations of art treasures in the world. The Louvre, opened as a museum in 1793, is one of the largest museums in the world. 4. In the late 1980s about 4.1 million pupils annu
20、ally attended about 47,000 elementary schools. In addition, about 5.4 million students attended some 11,200 secondary schools. Approximately 1.2 million students were enrolled annually at universities and colleges in France in the late 1980s. French centers of learning have served as academic models
21、 throughout the world. 5. Paris is the leading industrial center of France, with about one quarter of the nations manufacturing concentrated in the metropolitan area. Industries of consumer goods have always been drawn to Paris by the enormous market of the big population, and modern high-technology
22、 industries also have become numerous since World War II. Chief manufactures are machinery, automobiles, chemicals and electrical equipment. A. Industry in Paris B. Culture C. Education D. Status E. Population Growth F. Economy （分数：-1.04）(1).Paragraph 2（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.(2).Paragraph 3（分数：-0.13）A.
23、B.C.D.(3).Paragraph 4（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(4).Paragraph 5（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(5).The Paris area contains nearly_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.(6).With the introduction of the Industrial Revolution,_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(7).The city is the centralized control point of_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(8).Industries of consumer go
24、ods have been drawn to Paris by_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.On the Train The night train from Glasgow was so crowded that Donald, who was on his way to London to find a temporary job for the university vacation, wished that he had decided to travel by day. He had never been so hard up. He got on the train an
25、d walked along the corridor of the second-class compartments. He couldnt find a seat anywhere. He could not afford to travel first class, and he did not want to stand in the corridor. Neither did he want to sit on his suitcase. He was so tired that he decided to sit down in a first class compartment
26、 at least for a while. He soon found one with a single occupant (乘客) , a gentleman reading documents from a briefcase. With the self-assurance of a first class traveler, he opened the door and went in. No sooner had he sat down than the ticket inspector arrived. What bad luck! Now he would have to p
27、ay the excess (额外的) fare. As he turned out his pocket to find enough money he saw the gentleman was watching him with amusement. It was humiliating (令人感到羞辱的). However, he was so tired that he soon fell asleep. Presently, hearing a noise, he half opened his eyes. Not only did he notice that his trave
28、ling companion had gone, but he also saw that a rough-looking man was searching through the businessmans briefcase. Donald grabbed the briefcase and wrenched (猛夺) it free, kicking at the mans leg. The man fled. Then the businessman returned and found Donald holding the briefcase and peering inside i
29、t. Donald realized that he was in quite an awkward situation, but the man was smiling. Nor was this the only surprising thing. Not only was the gentleman (who introduced himself as Mr. Smith) smiling, but he thanked Donald warmly. On his way back to the compartment, Mr. Smith had seen the man leavin
30、g in a great hurry. He had so quickly assessed the situation that he knew Donald was innocent. Only after a long chat, in which Donald was asked many questions about himself, did Donald discover that Mr. Smith was in fact managing director of a large factory in London. Donald had never imagined that
31、 this strange incident would help him to find a job, but just as they were leaving the train, Mr. Smith offered him the post of temporary Night Security Officer for his factory. （分数：-1.00）(1).The train Donald took was_.（分数：-0.20）A.a night train to LondonB.a night train Jo GlasgowC.a daytime train to
32、 LondonD.a daytime train to Glasgow(2).Donald went into a first-class compartment as if he were_.（分数：-0.20）A.a conductorB.a cleanerC.an inspectorD.a first class traveler(3).According to paragraphs 1 and 2, which of the following statements about Donald is NOT true?（分数：-0.20）A.He traveled without any
33、 baggage.B.He was badly in need of money.C.He bought a ticket for a second-class compartment.D.He was probably a university student.(4).Which of the following words is closest in meaning to “awkward“ in paragraph 4?（分数：-0.20）A.Difficult.B.Dangerous.C.Desperate.D.Embarrassing.(5).Mr. Smith realized t
34、hat Donald was innocent_.（分数：-0.20）A.after he had swiftly evaluated the situationB.before he met the fleeing manC.after he had a long chat with DonaldD.after he checked the briefcaseBiotechnology Biotechnology in one form or another has flourished since prehistoric times. When the first human beings
35、 realized that they could plant their own crops and breed their own animals, they learned to use biotechnology. The discovery that fruit juices fermented(发酵) in wine, or that milk could be converted into cheese or yogurt(酸乳酶) or that beer could be made by fermenting solutions of malt(麦芽) and hops(啤酒
36、花) began the study of biotechnology. When the first bakers found that they could make a soft, spongy(多乳的) bread rather than a firm, thin cracker they were acting as fledgling(缺乏经验的) biotechnologists. The first animal breeders, realizing that different physical traits could be either magnified or los
37、t by mating appropriate pairs of animals, engaged in the manipulations of biotechnology. What then is biotechnology? The term brings to mind different things. Some think of developing new types of animals. Others dream of almost unlimited sources of human therapeutic (治疗的) drugs. Still others envisi
38、on (想象) the possibility of growing crops that are more nutritious(有养分的) and naturally pest-resistant (有抵抗力的) to feed a rapidly growing world population. This question elicits (引发) almost as many first-thought responses as there are people to whom the question can be posed. In its purest form, the te
39、rm “biotechnology“ refers to the use of living organisms or their products to modify human health and the human environment. Prehistoric biotechnologists did this as they used yeast cells to raise bread dough(生面团) and to ferment alcoholic beverages, and bacterial cells to make cheeses and yogurts an
40、d as they bred their strong, productive animals to make even stronger and more productive offspring. Throughout human history, we have learned a great deal about the different organisms that our ancestors used so effectively. The marked increase in our understanding of these organisms and their cell
41、 products gains us the ability to control the many functions of various cells and organisms. Using the techniques of gene splicing(叠接) and recombine DNA technology, we can now actually combine the genetic elements of two or more living cells. Functioning lengths of DNA can be taken from one organism
42、 and placed into the cells of another organism. As a result, for example, we can cause bacterial cells to produce human molecules cows can produce more milk or the same amount of feed, and we can synthesize the rapeutic molecules that have never before existed. （分数：-1.00）(1).The human beings began t
43、o use biotechnology_.（分数：-0.20）A.when they could walk on their feetB.before they could plant their own cropsC.after they realized that they could raise their own animalsD.as soon as scientists began their studies on biotechnology(2).According to the passage, which of the following is NOT an applicat
44、ion of biotechnology?（分数：-0.20）A.People made beer by fermenting solutions of malt and hops.B.Bakers used flour and sugar to make a firm, thin cracker which is delicious.C.Workers converted milk into cheese.D.Animal breeders mated appropriate pairs of animals to magnify their traits.(3).The term“ bio
45、technology“ may bring different things to mind except_.（分数：-0.20）A.new types of animalsB.crops that are more nutritious and naturally pest-resistantC.stronger and more productive offspring of animalsD.rapidly growing world population(4).The sentence “This question elicits.“(para. 2) means _.（分数：-0.2
46、0）A.people have different responses to the question “ What is biotechnology“B.the question “What is biotechnology“ has been posed to many peopleC.responses to the question “What is biotechnology“ should be made on the spotD.only these who are asked the question “what is biotechnology“ can answer it(
47、5).Biotechnology enables us _.（分数：-0.20）A.to change the DNA of human beingsB.to produce more milk by increasing the number of cowsC.to increase the functions of various cells and organismsD.to find new human moleculesThe Function of Tomatoes How do we love tomatoes? Lets count the ways: we love them
48、 in pasta, on pizza, in juice, in salad and soup, sliced on sandwiches, stuffed with tuna, even dried and baked in bagels, but most of all, we love them right off vineripe, red, and delicious. While tomato lovers dont need an excuse for eating them by the bushel (蒲式耳), now theres even more reason to
49、 savor these delicious fruits. Evidence is mounting that people who eat tomatoes have a substantially lower risk for cancer. In a thousand-person study of eating habits and health, Harvard Medical School researchers found that those who ate tomatoes every week had the lowest chance of dying form cancer. Recently, a study of 48, 000 American men showed a 21 to 34 percent lower risk for prostate cancer(前列腺癌)among those who consumed tomatoes, tomato sauce, or pizza more than twice a week. And in study of men and
