1、职称英语(卫生类)28 及答案解析(总分：-22.07，做题时间：120 分钟)1.Icy roads and poor visibility are familiar (hazards) in the Midwest.（分数：-1.00）A.chargesB.conditionsC.weatherD.dangers2.Its hard to (alter) ones habits.（分数：-1.00）A.changeB.developC.shortenD.enlarge3.Our plan is to (allocate) one member of staff to handle appo
2、intments.（分数：-1.00）A.assignB.persuadeC.askD.order4.Glassmaking was the first (major) industry in the United States.（分数：-1.00）A.productiveB.profitableC.specializedD.sizable5.In some cultures people who were thought to have the ability to (explain) dreams were likely to be highly respected.（分数：-1.00）A
3、.interpretB.interveneC.inheritD.impact6.The new communication system is by no means a (minute) invention.（分数：-1.00）A.timelyB.smallC.accidentalD.significant7.She (undertakes) to verify the true source of the rumor.（分数：-1.00）A.triesB.decidesC.promisesD.refuses.8.Some insects rely on the tiny hairs sca
4、ttered over their bodies to (sense) sound waves.（分数：-1.00）A.convertB.disguiseC.sendD.detect9.The great castles of the king were without bathing (facilities).（分数：-1.00）A.poolsB.meansC.showersD.towels10.Eating too much fat can (lead to) heart disease and cause high blood pressure.（分数：-1.00）A.attribute
5、 toB.attend toC.contribute toD.devote to11.Is the clock in the tower (accurate)?（分数：-1.00）A.correctB.newC.oldD.wrong12.He is (accustomed) to working hard.（分数：-1.00）A.anxiousB.likelyC.usedD.willing13.They (debated) for hours, but could not agree on an answer.（分数：-1.00）A.consultedB.arguedC.examinedD.f
6、orgot14.Why didnt you (show up) at the meeting yesterday?（分数：-1.00）A.comeB.presentC.turn upD.show around15.Through a procedure known as time-sharing, one large computer can be employed (simultaneously) by lots of small users.（分数：-1.00）A.ahead of timeB.all the timeC.at the same timeD.in timeNurses Th
7、e physicians in a hospital form the core of the medical staff. But they could not provide effective medical care to their patients without the help of numerous other medical workers. From the angle of the patients, the nursing staff is particularly important. Nurses are usually in close contact with
8、 patients as long as they are in the hospital. A nurse does not study for as many years as a doctor. However, each must be equally trained. Caring for sick persons requires a great deal of patience and concern. Most nurses work long days, and they often must work at odd hours or during the night. Th
9、e nursing staff in a hospital is usually quite large and various. Nursing services, after all, must be provided on a 24-hour basis. There are professional (专业的) nurses, practical nurses, nurses aids, and orderlies (勤杂工). The general term nurse refers to a person trained to offer bedside care to sick
10、 persons. Under the supervision (管理) of the head nurse, the nursing staff in a hospital ward must attend to patients needs. This responsibility continues around the clock, and so nurses must work in shifts. A shift is a period of duty, usually eight hours in length. The nurses on the ward rotate (轮换
11、) their shifts. Some take turns working night duty; others work odd shifts. All of them work out of a central area on the ward called the nurses station. A nurse must always be on her guard. She can never afford to be careless. This is true in all nursing situations , but it is especially true in th
12、e intensive care unit. Patients under intensive care are critically ill, and they must be monitored at all times. The nurses who do intensive care duty have one of the most demanding jobs in the hospital. （分数：-0.98）(1).The physicians in a hospital are less important than the nursing staff.（分数：-0.14）
13、A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).The nurses in a hospital usually spend more time with the patients than the physicians.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3).A nurse is not qualified if she does not have patience and show concern for her patients.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).Nurse
14、s often earn as much money as physicians do because they tend to work long days and at odd hours.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).Nursing services in a hospital are generally available around the clock.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).The nurses station is the only place where nu
15、rses in a hospital ward can be found.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).Nurses who work in the intensive care unit in a hospital are better trained than other nurses.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentionedMore Than 8 Hours Sleep Too Much of a Good Thing Although the dangers of too little sle
16、ep are widely known, new research suggests that people who sleep too much may also suffer the consequences. Investigators at the University of California in San Diego found that people who clock up 9 or 10 hours each weeknight appear to have more trouble falling and staying asleep, as well as a numb
17、er of other sleep problems, than people who sleep 8 hours a night. People who slept only 7 hours each night also said they had more trouble falling asleep and feeling refreshed after a nights sleep than 8-hour sleepers. These findings, which DL Daniel Kripke reported in the journal Psychosomatic Med
18、icine, demonstrate that people who want to get a good nights rest may not need to set aside more than 8 hours a night. He added that“ it might be a good idea“ for people who sleep more than 8 hours each night to consider reducing the amount of time they spend in bed, but cautioned that more research
19、 is needed to confirm this. Previous studies have shown the potential dangers of chronic shortages of sleepfor instance, one report demonstrated that people who habitually sleep less than 7 hours each night have a higher risk of dying within a fixed period than people who sleep more. For the current
20、 report, Kripke reviewed the responses of 1,004 adults to sleep questionnaires, in which participants indicated how much they slept during the Week and whether they experienced any sleep problems. Sleep problems included waking in the middle of the night, arising early in the morning and being unabl
21、e to fall back to sleep, and having fatigue interfere with day-to-day functioning. Kripke found that people who slept between 9 and 10 hours each night were more likely to report experiencing each sleep problem than people who slept 8 hours. In an interview, Kripke noted that long sleepers may strug
22、gle to get rest at night simply because they spend too much time in bed. As evidence, he added that one way to help insomnia is to spend less time in bed. “ It stands to reason that if a person spends too long a time in bed, then they11 spend a higher percentage of time awake, “he said. A. Keprikes
23、research tool B. Dangers of Habitual shortages of sleep C. Criticism on Kripkes report D. A way of overcoming insomnia E. Sleep problems of long and short sleepers （分数：-1.04）(1).Paragraph 2（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.(2).Paragraph 4（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(3).Paragraph 5（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(4).Paragraph 6（分数：-0.13）
24、A.B.C.D.(5).To get a good nights rest, people may not need to_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.F.(6).Long sleepers are reported to be more likely to_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.(7).One of the sleep problems is waking in the middle of the night, unable to_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(8).One survey showed that people who habitua
25、lly_ each night have a higher risk of dying.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.Male and Female pilots cause accidents differently Male pilots flying general aviation(private)aircraft in the United States are more likely to crash due to inattention or flawed decision, making, while female pilots are more likely to cr
26、ash from mishandling the aircraft. These are the results of a study by researchers at the Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health. The study identifies the differences between male and female pilots in terms of circumstances of the crash and the type of pilots error involved. “Cra
27、shes of general aviation aircraft account for 85 percent of all aviation deaths in the United States. The crash rate for male pilots, as for motor vehicle drivers, exceeds that of crashes of female pilots,“ explains Susan P. Baker, MPH, professor of health policy and management at the Bloomberg Scho
28、ol of Public Health. “Because pilot youth and inexperience are established, contributors to aviation crashes, we focused on only mature pilots, to determine the gender differences in the reasons for the crash.“ The researchers extracted data for this study from a large research project on pilot agin
29、g and flight safety. The data were gathered from general aviation crashes of airplanes and helicopters between 1983 and 1997, involving 144 female pilots and 267 male pilots aged 40-63. Female pilots were matched with male pilots in a 1:2 ratio, by age, classes of medical and pilot certificates, sta
30、te or area of crash, and year of crash. Then the circumstances of the crashes and the pilot error involved were categorized and coded without knowledge of pilot gender. The researchers found that loss of control on landing or takeoff was the most common circumstance for both sexes, leading to 59 per
31、cent of female pilots crashes and 36 percent of males. Experiencing mechanical failure, running out of fuel, and landing the plane with the landing gear up were among the factors more likely with males, while stalling was more likely with females. The majority of the crashes 95 percent for females a
32、nd 88 percent for males involved at least one type of pilot error. Mishandling aircraft kinetics was the most common error for both sexes, but was more common among females(accounting for 81 percent of the crashes) than males (accounting for 48 percent). Males, however, appeared more likely to be gu
33、ilty of poor decision-making, risk-taking, and inattentiveness, examples of which include misjudging weather and visibility or flying an aircraft with a known defect. Females, though more likely to mishandle or lose control of the aircraft, were generally more careful than their male counterparts. i
34、nattention /n.疏忽 aviation /n. 航空 flawed /adj.有缺陷的 mishandle /v. 瞎弄，乱处理 MPH ( Master of Public Health) 公共卫生硕士 gender /n.性，性别 run out 耗尽，用完 stall v. (飞机)失速, (发动机)熄火 kinetics /n. 动力学 （分数：-1.00）(1).What is the research at Johns Hopkins University about?（分数：-0.20）A.Causes of aircraft crash.B.Gender diffe
35、rence in relation to types of aircraft crashes.C.Causes of mishandling aircraft.D.Gender discrimination in general aviation in the United States.(2).Which of the statements is NOT true according to the second paragraph?（分数：-0.20）A.Crashes of general aviation aircraft are a major source of aviation a
36、ccidents in the United States.B.Male pilots, like male vehicle drivers, are more likely to have accidents than female pilots.C.It is commonly known that aircraft crashes are mostly caused by young and inexperienced pilots.D.Only mature pilots are studied to determine the gender differences in the re
37、asons for aircraft crash.(3).How did the researchers carry out their study?（分数：-0.20）A.They studied the findings of several previous research projects.B.They conduced a questionnaire with 411 pilots.C.They collected data from the database at the Johns Hopkins UniversityD.They analyzed the circumstan
38、ces of the crashes involved.(4).What is the most common circumstance of crash with female pilots?（分数：-0.20）A.Mechanical failure and running out of fuel.B.Loss of control On landing or takeoff and stalling.C.Loss of control on landing or takeoff and running out of fuel.D.Stalling and landing with the
39、 gear up.(5).In the comparison of female and male pilots, _.（分数：-0.20）A.female pilots are found to be more courageous and risk-taking.B.male pilots are found to be more professional and attentive.C.female pilots are found to make more errors out of carelessness.D.male pilots are found to make more e
40、rrors in decision-making.Natural Medicines Since earliest days, humans have used some kinds of medicines. We know this because humans have survived. Ancient treatments for injury and disease were successful enough to keep humans from dying out completely. They were successful long before the time of
41、 modern medicine. Before the time of doctors with white coats and shiny (发亮的) instruments. Before the time of big hospitals with strange and wonderful equipment. Many parts of the world still do not have university-educated doctors. Nor do they have expensive hospitals. Yet injuries are treated. And
42、 diseases are often cured. How? By ancient methods. By medicines that might seem mysterious, even magical (有魔力的). Traditional medicines are neither mysterious nor magical, however. Through the centuries, tribal (部落的) medicine men experimented with plants. They found many useful chemicals in the plan
43、ts. And scientists believe many of these traditional medicines may provide the cure for some of todays most serious diseases. Experts say almost 80% of the people in the world use plants for health care. These natural medicines are used not just because people have no other form of treatment. They a
44、re used because people trust them. In developed areas, few people think about the source of the medicines they buy in a store. Yet many widely-used medicines are from ancient sources, especially plants. Some experts say more than 25% of modern medicines come, in one way or another, from nature. Scie
45、ntists have long known that nature is really a chemical factory. All living things contain chemicals that help them survive. So scientists interest in traditional medicine is not new. But it has become an urgent concern. This is because the earths supply of natural medicines may be dropping rapidly.
46、 （分数：-1.00）(1).The passage indicates that ancient treatments for injury and disease were_.（分数：-0.20）A.much more successful than modern onesB.successful in all casesC.successful enough for humans to surviveD.of little help to humans(2).Which of the following statements is NOT true?（分数：-0.20）A.Many bi
47、g and modern hospitals are expensive.B.Modern medicines are now available all over the world.C.Traditional medicines are neither mysterious nor magical.D.Humans have used some kinds of medicines since earliest days.(3).It is believed by scientists that traditional medicines_.（分数：-0.20）A.can cure all
48、 kinds of diseasesB.are no longer useful for modern menC.may cure some of todays most serious diseasesD.are too cheap to be useful(4).What do the majority of the people in the world use for health care?（分数：-0.20）A.Plants.B.Factory-produced chemicals.C.Modern medicines.D.Strange and wonderful equipme
49、nt.(5).It can be seen from the passage that the earths supply of natural medicines_.（分数：-0.20）A.may never be exhaustedB.is surprisingly bigC.may be dropping rapidlyD.is as rich as everDefective Genes and Human Health Each of us carries about half a dozen defective(有缺点的) genes. We remain blissfully(快乐地) unaware of this fact unless we, or one of our close relatives, are amongst the many millions who suffer from a genetic disease. About one in ten people has, or will develop at some later stage, an in
