1、职称英语(卫生类)19 及答案解析(总分：-22.07，做题时间：120 分钟)1.In Toms eyes, the restaurant at the corner of the street is a very (smart) one.（分数：-1.00）A.cleverB.elegantC.loyalD.brave2.He (claimed proudly) that he was the best swimmer in his school.（分数：-1.00）A.braggedB.allegedC.exclaimedD.praised3.The workers finally (c
2、alled off) the strike.（分数：-1.00）A.put offB.endedC.cancelledD.participated in4.The government would not dare to (impose) taxes on such necessities as bread or milk.（分数：-1.00）A.cutB.forceC.occurD.charge5.You will find that the community has (experienced) great changes since you came here last.（分数：-1.0
3、0）A.undergoneB.experimentedC.submittedD.sustained6.The planned general strike represents a (vital) economic challenge to the government.（分数：-1.00）A.quickB.importantC.specificD.tribal7.In violin making, the (choice) of the wood is crucial.（分数：-1.00）A.selectionB.grainC.resonanceD.shape8.We can rely on
4、 James to carry out this mission for his judgement is always (sound).（分数：-1.00）A.healthyB.unmistakableC.reliableD.unquestionable9.Capital punishment was (abolished) some years ago in some states of the U. S.（分数：-1.00）A.createdB.decoratedC.improvedD.eliminated10.How many radios will your factory (tur
5、n out) this year?（分数：-1.00）A.manufactureB.destroyC.exportD.import11.It is difficult to understand this kind of (complicated) calculation.（分数：-1.00）A.contemporaryB.complexC.mobileD.varied12.A (bare) hill appears behind the jungle.（分数：-1.00）A.baldB.humidC.immenseD.level13.It is his (assumption) of a f
6、alse theory that made him pay a high price.（分数：-1.00）A.fearB.beliefC.disappointmentD.dream14.His plan should succeed for it seems quite (feasible).（分数：-1.00）A.completeB.possibleC.daringD.decisive15.If the population keeps on growing, there will eventually not be enough resources left to (support) li
7、fe on the earth.（分数：-1.00）A.detainB.continueC.containD.maintainGlobal Warming and Technological changes Recent studies have identified four major global environmental risks: acid rain, ozone depletion, deforestation and the greenhouse effect. On the whole, thanks to technological changes, people now
8、 tend to move toward warmer regions in North America and Europe. Climate warming will probably be a boon to Alaska, which is Americas least productive state in Gross National Product(GNP)per square mile. Studies of the impact of global warming on the United States and other developed regions find th
9、at the most vulnerable areas are those dependent on unmanaged ecosystemson naturally occurring rainfall, run-off and temperatures, and the extremes of these variables. Agriculture, forestry and coastal activities fall into this category. Most economic activity in industrialized countries, however, d
10、epends very little on the climate. Intensive-care units of hospitals, communications, heavy manufacturing and microelectronics are among the sectors likely to be unaffected by climatic change. In selecting whether to set up in, say, Hong Kong or in Warsaw, few businesses will consider temperature a
11、weighty factor. Greenhouse warming would have little effect on Americas national output. About 3% of American GNP originates in climate sensitive sectors such as farming and forestry. Another 10% comes from sectors only modestly sensitive-energy, water systems, property and construction. For the lar
12、gest share, 87% , comes from sectors, including most services, that are negligibly affected by climate change. （分数：-0.98）(1).The article is talking about the acid rain.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(2).Climate warming will probably not be a blessing to Alaska.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not M
13、entioned(3).Farming must consider climate an as important factor.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(4).13% of American GNP come from sectors affected by climate changes.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(5).In industrialized countries, services are scarcely affected by climate changes.（分数：
14、-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(6).Ozone depletion is not a environmental problem.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(7).Climate changes play an important part in communications.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not MentionedParis 1. Paris, the capital and the largest city of the country, is in nort
15、h central France. The Paris metropolitan area contains nearly 20% of the nation “s population and is the economic, cultural, and political center of France. The French governments have historically favored the city as the site for all decision-making, thus, powerfully attracting nearly all of the na
16、tions activities. 2. Paris has grown steadily since it was chosen as the national capital in the late 10th century. With the introduction of the Industrial Revolution, a great number of people moved to the city from the country during the 19th century. The migration was especially stimulated by the
17、construction of railroads, which provided easy access to the capital. After World War II more and more immigrants arrived. 3. The city is the centralized control point of most national radio and television broadcasting. It is a place of publication of the most prestigious newspapers and magazines an
18、d an international book publishing center. With more than 100 museums, Paris has truly been one of the greatest concentrations of art treasures in the world. The Louvre, opened as a museum in 1793, is one of the largest museums in the world. 4. In the late 1980s about 4.1 million pupils annually att
19、ended about 47,000 elementary schools. In addition, about 5.4 million students attended some 11,200 secondary schools. Approximately 1.2 million students were enrolled annually at universities and colleges in France in the late 1980s. French centers of learning have served as academic models through
20、out the world. 5. Paris is the leading industrial center of France, with about one quarter of the nations manufacturing concentrated in the metropolitan area. Industries of consumer goods have always been drawn to Paris by the enormous market of the big population, and modern high-technology industr
21、ies also have become numerous since World War II. Chief manufactures are machinery, automobiles, chemicals and electrical equipment. A. Industry in Paris B. Culture C. Education D. Status E. Population Growth F. Economy （分数：-1.04）(1).Paragraph 2（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.(2).Paragraph 3（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(3
22、).Paragraph 4（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(4).Paragraph 5（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(5).The Paris area contains nearly_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.(6).With the introduction of the Industrial Revolution,_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(7).The city is the centralized control point of_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(8).Industries of consumer goods have
23、 been drawn to Paris by_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.Stress Level Tied to Education Level People with less education suffer fewer stressful days, according to a report in the current issue of the Journal of Health and Social Behavior. However, the study also found that when less-educated people did suffer str
24、ess it was more severe and had a larger impact on their health. From this, researchers have concluded that the day-to-day factors that cause stress are not random. Where you are in society determines the kinds of problems that you have each day, and how well you will cope with them. The research tea
25、m interviewed a national sample of 1,031 adults daily for eight days about their stress level and health. People without a high school diploma reported stress on 30 percent of the study days, people with a high school degree reported stress 38 percent of the time, and people with college degrees rep
26、orted stress 44 percent of the time. “Less advantaged people are less healthy on a daily basis and are more likely to have downward turns in their health.“ lead researcher Dr. Joseph Grzywacz, of Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center, said in a prepared statement. “The downward turns in heal
27、th were connected with daily stressors, and the effect of daily stressors on their health is much more devastating for the less advantaged.“ Grzywacz suggested follow-up research to determine why less-educated people report fewer days of stress when it is known their stress is more acute and chronic
28、. “If something happens every day, maybe its not seen as a stressor“ Grzywacz says. “Maybe it is just life. “ stressful adj. 紧张的；压力重的 diploma n. 毕业文凭，毕业证书 stressor n. 紧张刺激物 devastating adj. 毁灭性的 follow-up n. (对病人的)随访 （分数：-1.00）(1).Stress level is closely related to_.（分数：-0.20）A.family size.B.social
29、status.C.body weight.D.work experience.(2).The 1031 adults were interviewed_.（分数：-0.20）A.on a daily basis for 8 days.B.during one of eight days.C.all by Grzywacz.D.in groups.(3).Which group reported the biggest number of stressful days?（分数：-0.20）A.People without any education.B.People without high s
30、chool degrees.C.People with high school degrees.D.People with college degrees.(4).The less advantaged people are, the greater_.（分数：-0.20）A.the impact of stress on their health is.B.the effect of education on their health isC.the level of their education is.D.the degree of their health concern is.(5)
31、.Lesseducated people report fewer days of stress possibly because_.（分数：-0.20）A.they dont want to tell the truth.B.they dont want to face the truth.C.stress is too common a factor in their life.D.their stress is more acute.A Hierarchy of Hormones All of the cells in a particular plant start out with
32、the same complement of genes. How then can these cells differentiate and from structures as different as roots, stems, leaves, and fruits? The answer is that only a small subset of the genes in a particular kind of cell are expressed, or turned on, at a given time. This is accomplished by a complex
33、system of chemical messengers that in plants include hormones and other regulatory molecules. Five major hormones have been identified; auxin (生长素), abscisic acid(脱落酸) ,cytokinin(细胞激动素), hetylene(乙烯), and gibberellin(赤霉素). Studies of plants have now identified a new class of regulatory molecules cal
34、led oligosaccharins. Unlike the oligosaccharins, the five well-known plant hormones are pleiotropic (多向性的) rather than specific, that is, each has more than one effect on the growth and development of plants. The five have so many simultaneous effects that they are not very useful in artificially co
35、ntrolling the growth of crops. Auxin, for instance, stimulates the rate of cell elongation(拉长), causes shoots to grow up and roots to grow down, and inhibits the growth of lateral(侧面的) shoots. Auxin also causes the plant to develop a vascular(维管的) system, to from lateral roots, and to produce ethyle
36、ne. The pleiotropy of the five well-studied plant hormones is somewhat analogous (类似的) to that of certain hormones in animal. For example, hormones from the hypothalamus (下五脑) in the brain stimulate the anterior(前面的) lobe of the pituitary gland to synthesize and release many different hormones, one
37、of which stimulates the release of hormones from the adrenal(肾上腺的) cortex(皮质|). These hormones have specific effects on target organs all over the body. One hormone stimulates the thyroid (甲状腺的) gland, for example, another the ovarian (子房)follicle cells, and so forth. In other words, there is a hier
38、archy(统治集团) of hormones. Such a hierarchy may also exist in plants. Oligosaccharins are fragments of the cell wall released by enzymes (酶): different enzymes release different oligosaccharins. There are indications that pleiotropic plant hormones may actually function by activating the enzymes that
39、release these other, more specific chemical messengers from the cell wall. （分数：-1.00）(1).According to the passage, the five well-known plant hormones are not useful in controlling the growth of crops because_.（分数：-0.20）A.it is not known exactly what functions the hormones performB.each hormone has v
40、arious effects on plantsC.none of the hormones can function without the othersD.each hormone has different effects on different kinds of plants(2).The passage suggests that which of the following is a function likely to be performed by an oligosacharin?（分数：-0.20）A.To stimulate a particular plant cel
41、l to become part of a plants root system.B.To activate enzymes that release specific chemical messengers from plant call walls.C.To duplicate the gene complement in a particular plant cell.D.To produce multiple effects on a particular subsystem of plant cells.(3).The author mentions specific effects
42、 that auxin has on plant development in order to illustrate the_（分数：-0.20）A.way in which hormones are produced by plantB.hierarchical nature of the functioning of plant hormones.C.differences between the best-known plant hormones.D.concept of pleiotropy as it is exhibited by plant hormones.(4).Accor
43、ding to the passage, which of the following best describes a function performed by oligosacchains?（分数：-0.20）A.Interacting with one another to produce different chemicals.B.Pleasing specific chemical messengers from a plants cell walls.C.Reoducing the hormones that cause plant cells to differentiate
44、to perform different functions.D.Influencing the development of a plants cells by controlling the expression of the cells genes.(5).The passage suggests that, unlike the pleiotropio hormones, oligosaccharins could be used effectively to_.（分数：-0.20）A.trace the passage of chemicals through the walls o
45、f cells.B.pinpoint functions of other plant hormones.C.artificially control specific aspects of the development of crops.D.alter the complement of genes in the cells of plants.The Grand Canyon Standing on the rim of the Grand Canyon(大峡谷), gazing across this giant wound in the Earths surface, a visit
46、or might assume that the canyon had been caused by some ancient convulsion(震动). In fact, the events that produced the canyon, far from being sudden and catastrophic, simply add up to the slow and orderly process of erosion. Many millions of years ago, the Colorado Plateau in the Grand Canyon area co
47、ntained 1,000 more feet of rock than it does today and was relatively level. The additional material consisted of some 14 layered formations of rock. In the Grand Canyon region these layers were largely worn away over the course of millions of years. Approximately 65 million years ago the plateau s
48、flat surface in the Grand Canyon area bulged upward from internal pressure, geologists refer to this bulging actions upwarding (弯曲上升) ; it was followed by a general elevation of the whole Colorado Plateau, a process that is still going on. As the plateau gradually rose, shallow rivers that winded ac
49、ross it began to run more swiftly and cut more definite courses. One of these rivers , located east of the upward, was the ancestor of the Colorado. Another river system, called the Hualapai, flowing west of the upward, extended itself eastward by cutting back into the upward, it eventually connected with the ancient Colorado and captured its waters. The new river then began to carve out the 277-mile-long trench that eventually became the Grand Canyon. Geologists estimate that this initial cutting action bega
