1、职称英语(卫生类)18 及答案解析(总分：-22.07，做题时间：120 分钟)1.Electrical appliances such as toasters or hair dryers are designed to (take advantage of) the ability of an electric current to heat a wire.（分数：-1.00）A.augmentB.make sense ofC.make use ofD.reinstall2.The kinds of the oil use (affect) your health.（分数：-1.00）A.
2、causeB.fancyC.influenceD.increase3.Mary (seldom) buys ice-cream.（分数：-1.00）A.alwaysB.neverC.usuallyD.hardly ever4.William Faulkner was generally (acknowledged) as the major American writer of his time.（分数：-1.00）A.praisedB.prizedC.signedD.regarded5.A central objective of the developed country was to (
3、alleviate) the problems of the urban poor.（分数：-1.00）A.lessenB.identifyC.overcomeD.regulate6.The chairman (proposed) that we should stop the meeting.（分数：-1.00）A.statedB.declaredC.suggestedD.announced7.People from many countries were (drawn) to the United States by the growing cities and industries.（分
4、数：-1.00）A.draftedB.orderedC.transportedD.attracted8.A seismograph is a (device) designed to measure vibrations of the ground.（分数：-1.00）A.elementB.telescopeC.vehicleD.instrument9.They showed me some photos and I had to (identify) the woman that I saw coming out of the post office.（分数：-1.00）A.make out
5、B.make inC.make upD.make for10.Dont (hesitate) to let me know if there is anything I can do for you.（分数：-1.00）A.pauseB.refuseC.rejectD.wait11.He often (finds fault with) my work.（分数：-1.00）A.criticizesB.praisesC.evaluatesD.talks about12.The (course) of the Korean War was bitter, bloody and frustratin
6、g.（分数：-1.00）A.battleB.durationC.outcomeD.whole13.Mr. Jackson wants to (give out) this news as soon as possible.（分数：-1.00）A.announceB.emitC.explainD.finish14.When he arrived home, he (deposited) his coat on the floor.（分数：-1.00）A.keptB.locatedC.storedD.placed15.The little girls were (commended) for th
7、eir wonderful dance presentation.（分数：-1.00）A.pleasedB.respectedC.praisedD.recommendedInterferon For several years, scientists have been testing a substance called interferon (干扰素),a potential wonder drug that is proving to be effective in treating a variety of ailments, including virus infections, b
8、acteria infections, and tumors. To date, the new drug has provoked no negative reaction of sufficient significance to discourage its use. But in spite of its success, last year only one gram was produced in the entire world. The reason for the scarcity lies in the structure of interferon. A species
9、specific protein, the interferon produced from one animal species cannot be used in treating another animal species. In other words, to treat human beings, only interferon produced by human beings may be used. The drug is produced by infecting white blood cells with a virus. Fortunately, it is so po
10、tent that the amount given each patient per injection is very small. Unlike antibiotics(抗菌素), interferon does not attack germs directly. Instead, it makes unaffected cells resistant to infection, and prevents the multiplication of viruses within cells. As you might conclude, one of the most dramatic
11、 uses of interferon has been in the treatment of cancer. Dr. Hans Strander, research physician at Swedens famous Karolinska Institute, has treated more than one hundred cancer patients with the new drug. Among a group of selected patients who had undergone surgical procedures for advanced cancer, ha
12、lf were given conventional treatments and the other half were given interferon. The survival rate over a three-year period was 70 percent among those who were treated with interferon as compared with only 10 to 30 percent among those who had received the conventional treatments. In the United States
13、, a large-scale project supported by the American Cancer Society is now underway. If the experiment is successful, interferon could become one of the greatest medical discoveries of our time. （分数：-0.98）(1).Antibiotics kill germs by attacking them directly, while interferon does not.（分数：-0.14）A.Right
14、B.WrongC.Not Mentioned(2).The effect interferon has on infection is that it keeps healthy cells from becoming infected.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(3).Interferon is produced by infecting viruses, bacteria, and tumors with a drug.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(4).Interferon has no
15、t been widely used because it is still very dangerous.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(5).The result of Dr. Stranders experiments with interferon is that 70 percent among patients who were treated with interferon survived.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(6).21 Interferon causes healthy
16、 cells to grow.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(7).Interferon has serious side effects, whereas antibiotics do not.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not MentionedArchitecture Architecture is to building as literature is to the printed word. The best buildings ate often so well constructed that they o
17、utlast their original use. They then survive not only as beautiful objects, but as documents of the history of cultures. These achievements are never wholly the work of individuals. Architecture is a social art. The renaissance brought about an entirely new age, not only in philosophy and literature
18、 but in the visual arts as well. In architecture, the principles and styles of ancient Greece and Rome were brought back to life and reinterpreted. They remain dominant until the 20th century. Many kinds of stone are used as building materials. Stone and marble were chosen for important monuments be
19、cause they are not burnable and Can be expected to endure. Stone architecture was often blended with stone sculpture. The use of stone has declined, however, because a number of other materials ate more adaptable to industrial use. The complexity of modem lire calls for a variety of buildings. More
20、people live in mass housing and go to work in large office buildings; they spend their income in large shopping centers, send their children to many different kinds of schools, and when they ate sick they go to specialized hospitals and clinics. All these different types of buildings accumulated exp
21、eriences needed by their designers. By the middle of the 20th century, modem architecture, which was influenced by new technology and mass production, was dealing with increasingly complex social needs. Important characteristics of modem architectural works are expanses of glass and the use of reinf
22、orced concrete. Advances in elevator technology, air conditioning, and electric lighting have all had important effects. A. Building Materials B. Need of Greater Building Varieties in Modern Life C. Restoration of Ancient Civilizations D. Evolution in Style E. Factors Affecting Modem Architectur 6 F
23、. A Social Art （分数：-1.04）(1).Paragraph 2（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(2).Paragraph 3（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(3).Paragraph 4（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(4).Paragraph 5（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.(5).Some buildings are so well constructed that they are not only useful_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(6).Ancient Greek and Roman architectural styles,
24、 which were restored during renaissance, were still influential（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.(7).As modem life becomes more complex, people have to put up many different kinds of buildings_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(8).The use of new building materials and the introduction of such new technology as the elevator and
25、the air-conditioner have played all important role_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.Communication Problems After 20 years of research, my colleagues and I have discovered that all communication involves our bodies, sometimes profoundly. While we speak with words, we also speak with every fiber of our being. This
26、“language of the heart“ is integral to the health and emotional life of all of us. We found that even a pleasant chat about the weather can affect the cardiovascular (心血管性的) system , particularly blood pressure. The traditional way of taking blood pressurewith a stethoscope (听诊器)meant that the patie
27、nt had to keep silent, and this silence prevented clinicians from discovering the link between communication and blood pressure. The breakthrough in our studies occurred in 1977, when we met Ed, a typical hypertensive patient who came to the University of Marylands Psychophysiology Center for treatm
28、ent. We hooked up Ed to a new com?puter that could continuously monitor blood pressure. We found that his pressure immediately increased every time he spoke, even if he was discussing the most neutral topic. What was more surprising was that Ed was unaware of these changes. This finding so intrigued
29、 us we began testing others. The results were the same. Blood pressure and heart rate rose rapidly whenever people talked. We asked students to read aloud from a bland(乏味的)text. Their blood pressure and heart rate rose rapidly every time. We tested 38 deaf-mute volunteers. When these people signed,
30、their blood pressure also increased. This confirmed our suspicion that it was the act of communication, not just talking, that led to these changes. Most normal talk is a seesaw (一上一下的动作). The rising of blood pressure when one talks is balanced by a rapid lowering of pressure when one listens. But t
31、he rhythm is out of synclinal hypertensives. They fluently fail to listen; they are on guard, defensive. So their pressure stays up. The benefits of listening are seen in the “orienting reflex,“ discovered by Pavlov. When a dog hears a sound or sees movement, it will stop all activity and cock its h
32、ead. Another Russian scientist, E.N. Soklor, noticed that the dogs heart rate slows. A similar response occurs in people tooand it lowers blood activities: reading out loud, staring at a blank wall and watching fish in a tank. Blood pressure washing test when the people spoke. But it was lowest when
33、 they watched the fish, rather than when they simply sat and relaxed. Whether watching fish or listening to another person, attending calmly to the world outside yourself helps lower blood pressure. When I got hypertensives to listen undefensively, their blood pressure often fell dramatically. Why d
34、o some people find talking so stressful, and listening so difficult? I tested some healthy newborns. When they cried, their blood pressure often doubled. We began thinking about pressure surges in hypertensives as similar to the changes when a baby cries. Though calm on the surface while talking, th
35、eir bodies are screaming to be heard. For these people, communication becomes a desperate but hidden struggle. Inside their adult bodies is a baby crying, terrified because no one can hear it. So how can we enjoy conversation yet keep blood pressure down? By listening more, by breathing regularly wh
36、ile talking, by alternating between talking and paying attention to what the other person is saying. But what can hypertensives do? Treatments that teach them to focus on their relationship and how to communicate in a relaxed way can be a start toward health. We can understand and cope with illness
37、only when we view ourselves as part of a complex world beyond the confines of our own individual skin. The response of our hearts, blood vessels and muscles when we communicate with spouse, children, friends and colleagues is as vital to our cardiovascular health as is exercise or diet. （分数：-1.00）(1
38、).The reason why the author and his colleagues got the breakthrough in their studies in 1977 was that_.（分数：-0.20）A.they never had a typical hypertensive patient like Ed before 1977B.a typical hypertensive patient like Ed was hard to get for medical studiesC.they could continuously monitor Eds blood
39、pressureD.Ed was unaware of the changes in his blood pressure(2).In the ninth paragraph, the sentence “They frequently failed to listen“ means_.（分数：-0.20）A.they failed to attend calmly to others.B.they were too absent-minded to catch what others said.C.they dominated the conversation and simply didn
40、t listen to others.D.their high blood pressure prevented them from understanding others.(3).In order to reduce blood-pressure changes in communications, the hypertensive patients_.（分数：-0.20）A.should learn to communicate in a relaxed wayB.should not be sensitive to the“ social membrane“C.should not e
41、ngage themselves in any heart-felt communicationsD.should learn to talk less and listen to others(4).From the article, we can conclude that_.（分数：-0.20）A.to communicate in a proper way will enable us to get more informationB.most of the people are unaware of the connection between communication patte
42、rns and healthC.a proper communication pattern is only important to the hypertensive patientsD.proper communication is of vital importance to all of us(5).From the article, we can see that the word “listening“ in the title “why listening is good for you“ emphasizes_.（分数：-0.20）A.the act of giving att
43、ention to othersB.the need for informationC.the relaxed way in a communicationD.the proper attitude towards different opinionsSome things we know about language Many things about language are a mystery, and many will always remain so. But some things we do know. First, we know that all human beings
44、have a language of some sort. There is no race of men anywhere on earth so backward that it has no language, no set of speech sounds by which the people communicate with one mother. Furthermore, in historical times, there has never been a race of men without a language. Second, there is no such thin
45、g as a primitive language. There are many people whose cultures are undeveloped, who are, as we say, uncivilized, but the languages they speak are not primitive. In all known 1anguages we can see complexities that must have been tens of thousands of years in developing. This has not always been well
46、 understood; indeed, the direct contrary has often been stated. Popular ideas of the language of the American Indians will illustrate. Many people have supposed that the Indians communicated in a very primitive system of noises. Study has proved this to be nonsense. There are, or were, hundreds of A
47、merican Indian languages, and all of them turn out to be very complicated and very old. They are certainly different from the languages that most of us are familiar with, but they are no more primitive five than English and Greek. A third thing we know about language is that all languages are perfec
48、tly adequate. That is, each one is a perfect means of expressing the culture of the people who speak the language. Finally, we know that language changes. It is natural and normal for language to change; the only languages which do not change are the dead ones. This is easy to understand if we look
49、backward in time. Change goes on in all aspects of language. Grammatical features change as do speech sounds, and changes in vocabulary are sometimes very extensive and may occur very rapidly. Vocabulary is the least stable part of any language. race /n. 种族 primitive /adj. 原始的 uncivilized /adj. 不开化的，落后的 complexity /n. 复杂性，复杂现象 nonsense /n. 胡说，没有根据的话 vocabulary /n. 词汇 （分数：-1.00）(1).In the second paragraph the author thinks that_.（分数：-0.20）A.some backward race doesnt have a language of its own.B.some race in history didnt posse
