1、职称英语(卫生类)13 及答案解析(总分：-22.07，做题时间：120 分钟)1.All foreign troops must (withdraw) from the country.（分数：-1.00）A.retainB.retireC.reviseD.retreat2.The trade union leaders had been urged to make a (concession) by the protesters.（分数：-1.00）A.apologyB.permissionC.substitutionD.compromise3.A student sticking clo
2、sely to the (disciplines) of the school is often praised by the master and teachers.（分数：-1.00）A.interestsB.ordersC.regulationsD.principals4.The short stories of Katherine Mansfield demonstrate her keen perceptions of human (character).（分数：-1.00）A.natureB.statusC.comedyD.appetite5.The workers finally
3、 (called off) the strike.（分数：-1.00）A.put offB.endedC.cancelledD.participated in6.His plan should succeed for it seems quite (feasible).（分数：-1.00）A.completeB.possibleC.daringD.decisive7.The train stopped (abruptly), making us wonder where we were.（分数：-1.00）A.all of a suddenB.fastC.quicklyD.slowly8.Pu
4、tting in a new window will (bring about) cutting away part of the roof.（分数：-1.00）A.containsB.compriseC.includeD.involve9.John has always remained (loyal) to his family and friends.（分数：-1.00）A.friendlyB.faithfulC.hostileD.kind10.In Toms eyes, the restaurant at the corner of the street is a very (smar
5、t) one.（分数：-1.00）A.cleverB.elegantC.loyalD.brave11.Its hard to (alter) ones habits.（分数：-1.00）A.changeB.developC.shortenD.enlarge12.The local (authorities) will take measures to deal with noise pollution in the area.（分数：-1.00）A.controlB.learningC.powerD.government13.It was very hard to (grasp) what h
6、e actually meant.（分数：-1.00）A.controlB.reachC.catch on toD.scope on14.He is (accustomed) to working hard.（分数：-1.00）A.anxiousB.likelyC.usedD.willing15.Through a procedure known as time-sharing, one large computer can be employed (simultaneously) by lots of small users.（分数：-1.00）A.ahead of timeB.all th
7、e timeC.at the same timeD.in timeDyslexia As many as 20% of all children in the United States suffer from some form of the learning disorder2 called dyslexia. Experts on dyslexia say that the problem is not a disease. They say that persons with dyslexia use information in a different way . One of th
8、e worlds great thinkers and scientists. Albert Einstein was dyslexic. Einstein said that he never thought in words the way that most people do . He said that he thought in pictures instead. The American inventor Thomas Edison was also dyslexic. Dyslexia first was recognized in Europe and the United
9、States more than 80 years ago. Many years passed before doctors discovered that persons with the disorder were not mentally slow or disabled. The doctors found that the brains of persons with dyslexia are different. In most people, the left side of the brain the part that controls language is larger
10、 than the right side. In persons with dyslexia, the right side of the brain is bigger. Doctors are not sure what causes this difference. However, research has shown that dyslexia is more common in males than in females, and it is found more often in persons who are left handed4. No one knows the cau
11、se of dyslexia, but some scientists believe that it may result from chemical changes in a babys body long before it is born. They are trying to find ways to teach persons with dyslexia. Dyslexic persons think differently and need special kinds of teaching help. After they have solved their problems
12、with language, they often show themselves to be especially intelligent or creative. （分数：-0.98）(1).One out of five American children suffers from dyslexia.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(2).Many great thinkers and scientists in the world are dyslexic.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(3)
13、.The first cases of dyslexia in Europe were discovered less than a century ago.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(4).The left side of the brain in a dyslexic person is bigger than the right side.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(5).Generally speaking, dyslexia is more common in left-hande
14、d males than in right-handed females.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(6).It is believed that dyslexia is related to the bad habits of a babys mother.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned(7).Dyslexic people often turn out to be intelligent or creative one they have learned to handle language
15、 properly.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not mentionedResistance to Malaria 1. “Our job“, said the health officer, “is to spray the walls of every house in every town and village in the malaria parts of Mexico“. You may be surprised to learn that there are about ninety-nine thousand separate villages and
16、 towns. Some are big places like Mexico City, some are single houses deep in the jungles or upon the mountain-tops. The men working with our programme say that most of these localities lie within districts warm enough for the malaria-carrying mosquitoes to live in and spread the disease. That means
17、that we must plan to spray the walls of nearly three million house once or twice a year for five years.“ 2. “We have studied everything very carefully“ , the officer continued. “Our advance guards have drawn maps of some forty thousand parts of the country for use by the spray teams. Each house in t
18、he malaria districts has been given a special number. The United Nations has given us cars and trucks to carry the spray teams and their tools, but many of the houses to be sprayed are too difficult to reach by car. Half of our spray teams go on horseback or by boat.“ 3. “The malaria programme has b
19、een popular with the Mexican people. Everyone wants to help. The navy has offered us the services of ships. The Defence Department is helping us plan the movement of men and supplies. The Ministry of Education has printed sheets in Spanish and the more widely spoken Indian languages to explain how m
20、alaria is spread and why spraying helps. Doctors have spoken in the churches of many communities to explain the programme.“ 4. Resistance is a problem. It was in the United States that such resistance to sprays was first proved. Since then many other insects have developed resistance to poisons. Tak
21、e the case of the housefly and D.D.T. At first D.D.T. killed them off. For a time flies died quickly. Then no more. Now D.D.T. wont hurt a fly. 5. What worries the health workers is the danger that mosquitoes may become resistant. Already resistance to some of the sprays has appeared in parts of the
22、 world, although no insect is yet resistant to all of the sprays. A. What worries us? B. What we have done? C. Whats our job? D. More and more people joined us. E. It will be a hard work. F. Whats the problem? （分数：-1.04）(1).Paragraph 2（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(2).Paragraph 3（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(3).Paragraph
23、4（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.F.(4).Paragraph 5（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(5).The Education Department support the malaria programme by_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(6).D. D. T. is a kind of poisons which could_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(7).It takes _ to finish all the projects.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.(8).Carrying out such a programme in
24、 Mexico needs_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.On the Train The night train from Glasgow was so crowded that Donald, who was on his way to London to find a temporary job for the university vacation, wished that he had decided to travel by day. He had never been so hard up. He got on the train and walked along the
25、 corridor of the second-class compartments. He couldnt find a seat anywhere. He could not afford to travel first class, and he did not want to stand in the corridor. Neither did he want to sit on his suitcase. He was so tired that he decided to sit down in a first class compartment at least for a wh
26、ile. He soon found one with a single occupant (乘客) , a gentleman reading documents from a briefcase. With the self-assurance of a first class traveler, he opened the door and went in. No sooner had he sat down than the ticket inspector arrived. What bad luck! Now he would have to pay the excess (额外的
27、) fare. As he turned out his pocket to find enough money he saw the gentleman was watching him with amusement. It was humiliating (令人感到羞辱的). However, he was so tired that he soon fell asleep. Presently, hearing a noise, he half opened his eyes. Not only did he notice that his traveling companion had
28、 gone, but he also saw that a rough-looking man was searching through the businessmans briefcase. Donald grabbed the briefcase and wrenched (猛夺) it free, kicking at the mans leg. The man fled. Then the businessman returned and found Donald holding the briefcase and peering inside it. Donald realized
29、 that he was in quite an awkward situation, but the man was smiling. Nor was this the only surprising thing. Not only was the gentleman (who introduced himself as Mr. Smith) smiling, but he thanked Donald warmly. On his way back to the compartment, Mr. Smith had seen the man leaving in a great hurry
30、. He had so quickly assessed the situation that he knew Donald was innocent. Only after a long chat, in which Donald was asked many questions about himself, did Donald discover that Mr. Smith was in fact managing director of a large factory in London. Donald had never imagined that this strange inci
31、dent would help him to find a job, but just as they were leaving the train, Mr. Smith offered him the post of temporary Night Security Officer for his factory. （分数：-1.00）(1).The train Donald took was_.（分数：-0.20）A.a night train to LondonB.a night train Jo GlasgowC.a daytime train to LondonD.a daytime
32、 train to Glasgow(2).Donald went into a first-class compartment as if he were_.（分数：-0.20）A.a conductorB.a cleanerC.an inspectorD.a first class traveler(3).According to paragraphs 1 and 2, which of the following statements about Donald is NOT true?（分数：-0.20）A.He traveled without any baggage.B.He was
33、badly in need of money.C.He bought a ticket for a second-class compartment.D.He was probably a university student.(4).Which of the following words is closest in meaning to “awkward“ in paragraph 4?（分数：-0.20）A.Difficult.B.Dangerous.C.Desperate.D.Embarrassing.(5).Mr. Smith realized that Donald was inn
34、ocent_.（分数：-0.20）A.after he had swiftly evaluated the situationB.before he met the fleeing manC.after he had a long chat with DonaldD.after he checked the briefcaseThe Asian Flu Virus In 1957, a doctor in Singapore noticed that hospitals were treating an unusual number of influenza-like cases. Influ
35、enza is sometimes called “flu“ or as “bad cold“. He took specimens from the throats of patients in his hospital and was able to find the virus of this influenza. There are three main types of the influenza virus. The most important of these are types A and B, each of them having several sub-groups.
36、With the instruments at the hospital the doctor recognized that the outbreak was due to a virus group A, but he did not know the sub-group. He reported the outbreak to the World Health Organization in Geneva. W. H. 0. published the important news alongside reports of a similar outbreak in Hong Kong,
37、 where about 15%-20% of the population had become ill. As soon as the London doctors received the package of throat samples, they began the standard tests. They found that by reproducing itself at a very high speed, the virus had multiplied more than a million times within two days. Continuing their
38、 careful tests, the doctors checked the effect of drugs used against all the known sub-groups of type A virus on this virus. None of them gave any protection. This then, was something new: a new influenza virus against which the people of the world had no ready help whatsoever. Having isolated the v
39、irus they were working with, the two doctors now conducted tests on some specially selected animals, which contract influenza in the same way as human beings do. In a short time the usual signs of the disease appeared. These experiments revealed that the new virus spread easily, but that it was not
40、a killer. Scientists, like general public, called it simply “Asian“ flu. （分数：-1.00）(1).The Asian flu virus_.（分数：-0.20）A.was a killerB.was very weakC.could reproduce very quicklyD.died very fast(2).“The outbreak, was due to a virus“ (in para. 2) means that it was _ by a virus.（分数：-0.20）A.killedB.foun
41、dC.causedD.weakened(3).The main idea of this passage is that_.（分数：-0.20）A.a new virus was noticedB.doctors throughout the world treated influenza-like patientsC.W. H. 0.paid attention to influenzaD.people in Asia were likely to catch influenza(4).It can be inferred from this passage that the Asian f
42、lu _.（分数：-0.20）A.could not be cured by any known drugB.could be cured quite easilyC.was a deadly diseaseD.had been known before(5).The word “specimens“ (in para 1) means_.（分数：-0.20）A.bloodB.skinC.samplesD.soresThe Central Dogma Though it comes as no surprise that the composition of DNA between diffe
43、rent organisms is different, it is not immediately obvious why the muscle cells, blood cells, and brain cells of any one particular vertebrate(脊椎动物) are so different in their structure and composition when the DNA of every one of their cells is identical. This is the key to one of the most exciting
44、areas of modern cell biology. In different cell types, different sets of the total number of genes (genome) (基因组) are expressed. In other words, different regions of the DNA are “active“ in the muscle cells, blood cells, and brain cells. To understand how this difference in DNA activity can lead to
45、differences in cell structure and composition, it is necessary to consider what is often known as the central dogma(法则) of molecular biology: “DNA makes RNA make protein. “ In molecular terms, a gene is that portion of DNA that encodes for a single protein. The dictum“ one gene makes one protein“ ha
46、s required some modification(改变) with the discovery that some proteins are composed of several different polypeptide(多肽) chains, but the “one gene makes one polypeptide“ rule does hold. DNA Contains the Blueprint for All Cell Proteins. Messenger RNA is a precise copy (transcript) of the coded sequen
47、ce of nucleic acid bases in DNA, and this message is translated into a unique protein molecule on specialist organelles (ribo-somes) present in the cytoplasm(细胞质) of all cells. Proteins(蛋白质), which are largely made up of carbon(C) ,hydrogen(H), oxygen(O) ,and nitrogen(N) ,are constructed from 20 dif
48、ferent, common amino acids. The versatility of proteins, the workhorse molecules of the cell, stems from the immense variety of molecular shapes that can be created, by linking amino acids together in different sequences. The smaller proteins consist of only a few dozen amino acids, whereas the larg
49、er ones may contain in excess of 200 amino acids, all linked together in a linear(线状的) chain by peptide bonds. As the proteins are released from the ribosome(核糖体) ,they fold into unique shapes, under the influence of chemical forces that depend on the particular sequence of amino acids. So the protein primary sequence , encoded in the gene and faithfully transcribed and translated into an amino acid chain, determines the three-dimensional structure of the emerging molecule. The human body possesses some 30 0
