1、职称英语(卫生类)12 及答案解析(总分：-22.07，做题时间：120 分钟)1.The college offers courses in a variety of (trades).（分数：-1.00）A.businessB.firmC.workD.occupation2.He is sure of the coming of investment (boom) after adopting the new investment policies.（分数：-1.00）A.decreaseB.increaseC.influenceD.preparation3.I dont see how
2、Jack (put up with) his wife.（分数：-1.00）A.tolerateB.acceptC.leaveD.receive4.The stories of Sarah Orne Jewett are considered by many to be more (authentically) regional than those of Bret Harte.（分数：-1.00）A.elegantlyB.genuinelyC.intentionallyD.thoroughly5.The development of the transistor and integrated
3、 circuits revolutionized the electronics industry by allowing components to be packaged more (densely).（分数：-1.00）A.compactlyB.inexpensivelyC.quicklyD.carefully6.The Department of Resources notified the town council that the water supply was (contaminated).（分数：-1.00）A.cutB.dangerousC.divertedD.pollut
4、ed7.The exploration of outer space is a great (triumph) of modern science.（分数：-1.00）A.superiorB.symbolC.successionD.success8.Our plan is to (allocate) one member of staff to handle appointments.（分数：-1.00）A.assignB.persuadeC.askD.order9.He (comprehends) the theory of relativity.（分数：-1.00）A.learnsB.te
5、achesC.understandsD.investigates .10.The town is (famous) for its magnificent church towers.（分数：-1.00）A.knownB.contemporaryC.specializedD.specified11.Oh, child , how you (astonished) me I thought you were in the garden.（分数：-1.00）A.cheatedB.treatedC.surprisedD.tricked12.The kinds of the oil use (affe
6、ct) your health.（分数：-1.00）A.causeB.fancyC.influenceD.increase13.He (endured) all kinds of hardships in his solo sailing around the world.（分数：-1.00）A.sufferedB.experiencedC.lastedD.overcame14.Some insects rely on the tiny hairs scattered over their bodies to (sense) sound waves.（分数：-1.00）A.convertB.d
7、isguiseC.sendD.detect15.There is less crime now; it seems that there is a (fall) in the crime rate.（分数：-1.00）A.decreaseB.inclineC.defeatD.slopeUnited Nations A major segment of the Untied Nations is the General Assembly, which consists of representatives from all governments that have ratified the U
8、N Charter. As of 1995,185 states had membership in the general Assembly. Additionally, the Vatican, Switzerland, and the Palestine Liberation Organization have nonvoting observer status in the General Assembly. The General Assembly approves the UNs budget, acts with the Security Council to select th
9、e Secretary-general and judges of the International Court of Justice, and passes resolutions on issues ranging from self-determination and colonialism to womens rights and the global distribution of wealth. The General Assembly can meet and vote on any subject, unless the Security Council is dealing
10、 with it (or at least pretending to). However, its decisions only carry moral forceunlike the Councils. Theyre not binding in international laws. But the Assembly votes are an important opinion poll on how and what the majority of the world thinks about issues. “ Important questions“ need a two-thir
11、ds vote of the Assembly to pass. The question of what is an important question isnt important. Its decided by the delegates themselvesby a simple majority. Although the General Assembly has not recognized authority to enforce its conclusions on anything other than internal UN matters, it makes its v
12、iewpoints on issues that are brought before it is known in one of the three ways. A General Assembly declaration is a broad statement of general principle such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, passed in 1948. Declarations are often put forward as an expression of an ideal, in practice t
13、hey are regularly ignored. A General Assembly resolution is essentially a document that recommends that member states take a particular policy action. States claim sovereignty and make their own decisions as to whether they will follow a General Assembly resolution. In some cases, however, if many s
14、tates implement a particular resolution, other states that may not wish to act on the resolution may feel themselves pressured to do so anyway. At the very least, a resolution has the effect of legitimizing the policies of those states that wish to comply with the resolution. Finally, a General Asse
15、mbly convention, or treaty, has two meanings. The more comprehensive convention refers to multilateral treaties voted on by the General Assembly that, upon passage by the General Assembly, are carried back to the capitals of member states for ratification by whatever means each state uses domestical
16、ly. In other cases, a General Assembly convention refers specifically to a treaty signed between the United Nations and the government of a nation-state, as when in 1956 Egypt agreed to allow United Nations peacekeeping forces to enter Egyptian territory. （分数：-0.98）(1).The General Assembly is respon
17、sible for dealing with the international matters.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(2).The Passage of important issues is decided by a two-thirds vote of the Assembly.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(3).The General Assembly have the authority to enforce its conclusions on approving UN bu
18、dget.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(4).The General Assembly makes its viewpoints in the General Assembly ratification.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(5).The General Assembly presses its member states to implement its resolution.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(6).Anan was cho
19、sen as UN Secretary-general on the General Assembly.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(7).Multi-lateral treaties have to be ratified by the member state before it is passed by the General Assembly.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not MentionedAnatomy 1. The term anatomy comes from Greek anatomy, “diss
20、ection“. It is a branch of natural science dealing with the structural organization of living things. The proper understanding of structure, however, implies a knowledge of function in the living organism. Anatomy is therefore almost inseparable from physiology, which is sometimes called functional
21、anatomy. 2. It is convenient to subdivide the study of anatomy in several different ways. One classification is based on the type of organisms studied, the major subdivisions being plant anatomy and animal anatomy. Animal anatomy is further subdivided into human anatomy and comparative anatomy, whic
22、h seeks out similarities and differences among animal types. Anatomy can also be subdivided into biological processes, for example, developmental anatomy, the study of embryos, and pathological anatomy, the study of diseased organs. 3. The oldest known systematic study of anatomy is contained in an
23、Egyptian papyrus dating from about 1600 BC. In the 4th century BC Aristode increased anatomical knowledge of animals. The first real progress in the science of human anatomy was made in the following century by the Greek physicians Herophilus and Erasistratus, who dissected human cadavers (尸体) and w
24、ere the first to distinguish many functions , including those of the nervous and muscular systems. 4. Modern anatomy began with the publication in 1543 of the work of the Belgian anatomist Andreas Vesalius. Before the publication of this classical work anatomists had been so bound by tradition that
25、the writings of authorities of more than 1000 years earlier, were accepted in lieu of actual observation. Vesalius and other Renaissance anatomists, however, based their descriptions on their own observations of human corpses, thus setting the pattern for subsequent study in anatomy. 5. The 17th-cen
26、tury invention of the compound microscope led to the development of microscopic anatomy. Under the leadership of the Italian anatomist Marcello Malpighi, the study of the microscopic structure of animals and plants flourished during the 17th century. Microscopic anatomy developed rapidly in the 19th
27、 century. Knowledge of microscopic anatomy was greatly expanded during the 20th century as a result of the development of microscopes. A. The Beginning of research B. The subdivision of Anatomy C. The Beginning of Mordern Anatomy D. Anatomy in Ancient Times E. A Brief History of Microscopich Anatomy
28、 F. The definition of Anatomy （分数：-1.04）(1).Paragraph 1（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.F.(2).Paragraph 3（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(3).Paragraph 4（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(4).Paragraph 5（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.(5).It can be inferred from the passage that before 1600 BC_（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(6).It means that microscopic anatomy is bri
29、ng up by_（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(7).The classification of anatomy is based on_（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(8).With the development of science and technology, you may conclude_（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.Bathing In the Sea Bathing in the sea in England a hundred years ago was not quite the light-hearted amusement that it is
30、today. There are no running down from the hotel to the beach in a bath robe(长袍) , no sunbathing, or lying about on the sands in bathing-dresses after the dip. Everything had to be done in an orderly and extremely polite manner. Mixed bathing was not allowed anywhere. Men and women each had their sep
31、arate part of the beach, and they were not supposed to meet in the water. Bathing clothes were also closely controlled. Men usually wore simple bathing drawers and no more, but women were obliged to wear thick, cumbersome woolen garments that covered them completely from head to foot. These satisfie
32、d the demands of modesty, but they must have been extremely uncomfortable for swimming. Even thus decently covered, women were not supposed to show themselves on the beach while in bathing attire(浴衣). They had to wait their turn for a bathing machine, a sort of wooden cabin on wheels which was drawn
33、 right down to the waters edge by horses. On its seaward side a sort of hood or canopy(罩盖) stretched outwards and downwards over the water, completely hiding the bather until she was actually in the sea, There was a bathing woman in attendance, part of whose duty was to dip, in other words, to seize
34、 the bather as soon as she emerged and dip her forcibly under water two or three times. This was supposed to be for the benefit of her health, and no doubt it was all right in the hands of the gentle. But most bathing women were the reverse of gentle, and to be dipped by them must have been a strenu
35、ous form of exercise. （分数：-1.00）(1).Women wore uncomfortable bathing clothes because_.（分数：-0.20）A.it protected them from the coldB.it was considered bad manners to show any fleshC.it made it easier to swimD.it covered them from head to foot(2).The bathing machine was used _.（分数：-0.20）A.so that the h
36、orses could drink at the waters edgeB.so that the bather could hide from the seaC.so that the bather could swim in the seaD.so that the bather could be screened (掩蔽) until she was in the sea(3).A bathing-womans job was to_ .（分数：-0.20）A.attend to the bathing machineB.dip the attendantC.force the bath
37、er to emerge from the bathing machineD.force the bather under the water when she came out of the machine(4).Most bathing-women were_.（分数：-0.20）A.gentleB.the opposite of roughC.roughD.strenuous(5).A suitable title for this passage would be_.（分数：-0.20）A.Sea Bathing Through the AgesB.Bathing Clothes Th
38、rough the AgesC.Sea HorsesD.A Hundred Years of Sun BathingOn the Train The night train from Glasgow was so crowded that Donald, who was on his way to London to find a temporary job for the university vacation, wished that he had decided to travel by day. He had never been so hard up. He got on the t
39、rain and walked along the corridor of the second-class compartments. He couldnt find a seat anywhere. He could not afford to travel first class, and he did not want to stand in the corridor. Neither did he want to sit on his suitcase. He was so tired that he decided to sit down in a first class comp
40、artment at least for a while. He soon found one with a single occupant (乘客) , a gentleman reading documents from a briefcase. With the self-assurance of a first class traveler, he opened the door and went in. No sooner had he sat down than the ticket inspector arrived. What bad luck! Now he would ha
41、ve to pay the excess (额外的) fare. As he turned out his pocket to find enough money he saw the gentleman was watching him with amusement. It was humiliating (令人感到羞辱的). However, he was so tired that he soon fell asleep. Presently, hearing a noise, he half opened his eyes. Not only did he notice that hi
42、s traveling companion had gone, but he also saw that a rough-looking man was searching through the businessmans briefcase. Donald grabbed the briefcase and wrenched (猛夺) it free, kicking at the mans leg. The man fled. Then the businessman returned and found Donald holding the briefcase and peering i
43、nside it. Donald realized that he was in quite an awkward situation, but the man was smiling. Nor was this the only surprising thing. Not only was the gentleman (who introduced himself as Mr. Smith) smiling, but he thanked Donald warmly. On his way back to the compartment, Mr. Smith had seen the man
44、 leaving in a great hurry. He had so quickly assessed the situation that he knew Donald was innocent. Only after a long chat, in which Donald was asked many questions about himself, did Donald discover that Mr. Smith was in fact managing director of a large factory in London. Donald had never imagin
45、ed that this strange incident would help him to find a job, but just as they were leaving the train, Mr. Smith offered him the post of temporary Night Security Officer for his factory. （分数：-1.00）(1).The train Donald took was_.（分数：-0.20）A.a night train to LondonB.a night train Jo GlasgowC.a daytime t
46、rain to LondonD.a daytime train to Glasgow(2).Donald went into a first-class compartment as if he were_.（分数：-0.20）A.a conductorB.a cleanerC.an inspectorD.a first class traveler(3).According to paragraphs 1 and 2, which of the following statements about Donald is NOT true?（分数：-0.20）A.He traveled with
47、out any baggage.B.He was badly in need of money.C.He bought a ticket for a second-class compartment.D.He was probably a university student.(4).Which of the following words is closest in meaning to “awkward“ in paragraph 4?（分数：-0.20）A.Difficult.B.Dangerous.C.Desperate.D.Embarrassing.(5).Mr. Smith rea
48、lized that Donald was innocent_.（分数：-0.20）A.after he had swiftly evaluated the situationB.before he met the fleeing manC.after he had a long chat with DonaldD.after he checked the briefcaseThe Central Dogma Though it comes as no surprise that the composition of DNA between different organisms is dif
49、ferent, it is not immediately obvious why the muscle cells, blood cells, and brain cells of any one particular vertebrate(脊椎动物) are so different in their structure and composition when the DNA of every one of their cells is identical. This is the key to one of the most exciting areas of modern cell biology. In different cell types, different sets of the total number of genes (genome) (基因组) are expressed. In other words, different regions of the DNA are “active“ in the muscle cells, blood cells, and br
