1、职称英语(卫生类)10 及答案解析(总分：-22.07，做题时间：120 分钟)1.Security officials say that computer crime is easy to accomplish and hard to (detect).（分数：-1.00）A.explainB.uncoverC.discoverD.ignore2.In some cultures people who were thought to have the ability to (explain) dreams were likely to be highly respected.（分数：-1.0
2、0）A.interpretB.interveneC.inheritD.impact3.My nephew said that Dickens was his (best loved) writer and that he had read nearly all of his novels.（分数：-1.00）A.famousB.popularC.favorableD.favorite4.She could not endure the extreme (tension) and broke into tears suddenly.（分数：-1.00）A.braveryB.strainC.dan
3、gerD.security5.Einsteins theory of relativity seemed (incredible) when it was first introduced.（分数：-1.00）A.brilliantB.complicatedC.unbelievableD.distinguished6.There is less crime now; it seems that there is a (fall) in the crime rate.（分数：-1.00）A.decreaseB.inclineC.defeatD.slope7.Putting in a new wi
4、ndow will (bring about) cutting away part of the roof.（分数：-1.00）A.containsB.compriseC.includeD.involve8.If wool is put into hot water, it tends to (shrink).（分数：-1.00）A.smellB.fadeC.hardenD.contract9.While they were away on vocation, they allowed their mail to (be accumulated) at the post office.（分数：
5、-1.00）A.be decreasedB.be deliveredC.be piled upD.be returned10.It is difficult to understand this kind of (complicated) calculation.（分数：-1.00）A.contemporaryB.complexC.mobileD.varied11.The U.S was in 1850 a (divided) nation half slave and half free.（分数：-1.00）A.alliedB.combinedC.unitedD.separate12.We
6、were so greatly (attracted) by the beauty of the West Lake that we decided to visit Hangzhou again the next year.（分数：-1.00）A.fascinatedB.disturbedC.fooledD.surprised13.Many problems that (bothered) people then continue to exist today.（分数：-1.00）A.disturbedB.destroyedC.endangeredD.interested14.The sis
7、ters cant (tolerate) each other.（分数：-1.00）A.bearB.hateC.likeD.criticize15.High pay may (enhance) productivity.（分数：-1.00）A.confirmB.improveC.determineD.supplementThe Attitude For Computers As Dr. Samuel Johnson said in a different era about ladies preaching, the surprising thing about computers is no
8、t that they think less well than a man, but that they think at all. The early electronic computer did not have much going for it except a marvelous memory and some good math skills. But today the best models can be wired up to learn by experience, follow an argument, ask proper questions and write p
9、oetry and music. They can also carry on somewhat puzzling conversations. Computers imitate life. As computers get more complete, the imitation gets better. Finally, the line between the original and the copy becomes unclear. In another 15 years or so, we will see the computer as a new form of life.
10、The opinion seems ridiculous because, for one thing, computers lack the drives and emotions of living creatures. But drives can be programmed into the computers brain just as nature programmed them into our human brains as a part of the equipment for survival. Computers match people in some roles, a
11、nd when fast decisions are needed in a crisis, they often surpass them. Having evolved when the pace of life was slower, the human brain has an inherent defect that prevents it from absorbing several streams of information simultaneously and acting on them quickly. Throw too many things at the brain
12、 at one time and it freezes up. We are still in control, but the capabilities of computers are increasing at a fantastic rate, while raw human intelligence is changing slowly, if at all. Computer power has increased ten times every eight years since 1946. In the 1990s, when the sixth generation appe
13、ars, the reasoning power of an intelligence built out of silicon will begin to match that of the human brain. That does not mean the evolution of intelligence has ended on the earth. Judging by the past, we can expect that a new species will arise out of man, surpassing his achievements as he has su
14、rpassed those of his predecessor. Only a carbon chemistry enthusiast would assume that the species must be mans flesh-and-blood descendants. The new kind of intelligent life is more likely to be made of silicon. （分数：-0.98）(1).Dr. Samuel Johson disapproved of ladies to preach.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.Wrong
15、C.Not Mentioned(2).Today, computers are still inferior to man in terms of growth of reasoning power.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(3).In terms of making decisions, the human brain cannot be compared with the computer because in the long procedures of evolution the slow pace of life didnt re
16、quire such an ability of the human brain.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(4).When he thinks highly of the development of computer science, the author doesnt mean that human beings have lost control of computers.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(5).Future man will be made of silicon inst
17、ead of flesh and blood.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(6).Future intelligent life may not necessarily be made of organic matter.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not Mentioned(7).Some day it will be difficult to tell a computer from a man.（分数：-0.14）A.RightB.WrongC.Not MentionedResistance to Malaria
18、1. “Our job“, said the health officer, “is to spray the walls of every house in every town and village in the malaria parts of Mexico“. You may be surprised to learn that there are about ninety-nine thousand separate villages and towns. Some are big places like Mexico City, some are single houses de
19、ep in the jungles or upon the mountain-tops. The men working with our programme say that most of these localities lie within districts warm enough for the malaria-carrying mosquitoes to live in and spread the disease. That means that we must plan to spray the walls of nearly three million house once
20、 or twice a year for five years.“ 2. “We have studied everything very carefully“ , the officer continued. “Our advance guards have drawn maps of some forty thousand parts of the country for use by the spray teams. Each house in the malaria districts has been given a special number. The United Nation
21、s has given us cars and trucks to carry the spray teams and their tools, but many of the houses to be sprayed are too difficult to reach by car. Half of our spray teams go on horseback or by boat.“ 3. “The malaria programme has been popular with the Mexican people. Everyone wants to help. The navy h
22、as offered us the services of ships. The Defence Department is helping us plan the movement of men and supplies. The Ministry of Education has printed sheets in Spanish and the more widely spoken Indian languages to explain how malaria is spread and why spraying helps. Doctors have spoken in the chu
23、rches of many communities to explain the programme.“ 4. Resistance is a problem. It was in the United States that such resistance to sprays was first proved. Since then many other insects have developed resistance to poisons. Take the case of the housefly and D.D.T. At first D.D.T. killed them off.
24、For a time flies died quickly. Then no more. Now D.D.T. wont hurt a fly. 5. What worries the health workers is the danger that mosquitoes may become resistant. Already resistance to some of the sprays has appeared in parts of the world, although no insect is yet resistant to all of the sprays. A. Wh
25、at worries us? B. What we have done? C. Whats our job? D. More and more people joined us. E. It will be a hard work. F. Whats the problem? （分数：-1.04）(1).Paragraph 2（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(2).Paragraph 3（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(3).Paragraph 4（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.F.(4).Paragraph 5（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(5).The Educati
26、on Department support the malaria programme by_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(6).D. D. T. is a kind of poisons which could_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.(7).It takes _ to finish all the projects.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.E.(8).Carrying out such a programme in Mexico needs_.（分数：-0.13）A.B.C.D.Cigars Instead? Smoking one or two cig
27、ars a day doubles the risk of cancers of the lip, tongue, mouth, and throat, according to a government study. Daily cigars also increase the risk of lung cancer and cancer of the esophagus, and increase the risk of cancer of the larynx (voicebox) sixfold, say researchers at the National Cancer Insti
28、tute in Bethesda, Maryland. In addition, the report revealed that smoking three or four cigars a day increased the risk of oral cancer to 8.5 times the risk for nonsmokers and the risk of esophageal cancer by four times the risk of nonsmokers. The health effects of smoking cigars is one of eight sec
29、tions of the article “ Cigars: Health Effects and Trends“. The researchers report that, compared with a cigarette, a large cigar emits up to 90 times as much carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamines “This article provides clear and invaluable information about the disturbing increase in cigar use
30、and the significant public health consequences for the country,“ said Dr. Richard Klausner, director of the National Cancer Institute, in a statement. “The data are clear-the harmful substances and carcinogens in cigar smoke, like cigarettes, are associated with the increased risks of several kinds
31、of cancers as well as heart and lung diseases,“ he added. “ In other words, cigars are not safe alternatives to cigarettes and may be addictive. “ “To those individuals who may be thinking about smoking cigars, our advices is dont. To those currently smoking cigars, quitting is the only way to elimi
32、nate completely the cancer, heart and lung disease risks,“ warned Klausner. According to a National Cancer Institute press release, there havent been any studies on the health effects on nonsmokers at cigar social events, but “. a significant body of evidence clearly demonstrates an increased lung c
33、ancer risk from secondhand smoke. “ （分数：-1.00）(1).According to the report, smoking three or four cigars a day_.（分数：-0.20）A.increases the risk of oral cancer for non-smokers.B.greatly increases the risk of oral cancer for smokers.C.increases the risk of more than one cancer for non-smokers.D.gready i
34、ncreases the risk of more than one cancer for smokers.(2).In the passage how many cancers are mentioned in relation to smoking cigars daily?（分数：-0.20）A.SixB.SevenC.EightD.Nine(3).What is the main idea of the article“ Cigars: Health Effects and Trends“ ?（分数：-0.20）A.When it comes to cancer, cigars are
35、 not any safer than cigarettes.B.Cigars may be addictive while cigarettes are not easily so.C.cigars contain less harmful substances than cigarettes.D.Increase in cigar-smoking does not affect public health much.(4).What is the doctors advice to those cigar-smokers?（分数：-0.20）A.To give it up complete
36、lyB.To give up part of it.C.Not to think about it any more.D.to cure the diseases first.(5).In the context of this passage, “ secondhand smoke“ may mean_.（分数：-0.20）A.smoking bad-quality cigars.B.smoking very cheap cigars.C.being very cigar smokers when they are not smoking.D.being very near cigar sm
37、okers when they are smoking.Defective Genes and Human Health Each of us carries about half a dozen defective(有缺点的) genes. We remain blissfully(快乐地) unaware of this fact unless we, or one of our close relatives, are amongst the many millions who suffer from a genetic disease. About one in ten people
38、has, or will develop at some later stage, an inherited(遗传的)genetic disorder, and approximately 2,800 specific conditions are known to be caused by defects (mutations) in just one of the patients genes. Some single gene disorders are quite common-cystic(胞状的) fibrosis (纤维化) is found in one out of ever
39、y 2,500 babies born in the Western Worldand in total, diseases that can be traced to single gene defects account for about 5% of all admissions to childrens hospitals. Most of us do not suffer any harmful effects from our defective genes because we carry two copies of nearly all genes, one derived f
40、rom our mother and the other from our father. The only exceptions to this rule are the genes found on the male sex chromosomes (染色体) Males have one X and one Y chromosome, the former from the mother and the latter from the father, so each cell has only one copy of the genes on these chromosomes. In
41、the majority of cases, one normal gene is sufficient to avoid all the symptoms of disease. If the potentially harmful gene is recessive(后退的), then its normal counterpart(配对的) will carry out all the tasks assigned to both. Only if we inherit from our parents two copies of the same recessive gene will
42、 a disease develop. On the other hand, if the gene is dominant(显性的), it alone can produce the disease, even if its counterpart is normal. Clearly only the children of a parent with the disease can be affected, and then average only half the children will be affected. Huntingtons chorea (舞蹈病) , a sev
43、ere disease of the nervous system, which becomes apparent only in adulthood, is an example of a dominant genetic disease. Finally, there are the X chromosome-linked genetic diseases. As males have only one copy of the genes from this chromosome, there are no others available to fulfill the defective
44、 genes function. Examples of such diseases are Duchenne muscular dystrophy(营养不良) and, perhaps most well known of all, hemophilia(血友病). Queen Victoria was a carrier of the defective gene responsible for hemophilia, and through her it was transmitted to the royal families of Russia, Spain, and Prussia
45、. Minor cuts and bruises, which would do little harm to most people, can prove fatal to hemophiliacs, who lack the proteins(Factors VIII and IV) (凝血因子 VIII和 IV)involved in the clotting(血凝结)of blood, which are coded for by the defective genes. Sadly, before these proteins were made available through
46、genetic engineering, hemophiliacs were treated with proteins isolated from human blood. Some of this blood was contaminated(污损) with the AIDS virus, and has resulted in tragic(悲惨的) consequences for many hemophiliacs. Use of genetically engineered proteins in the rapeutic applications, rather than bl
47、ood products, will avoid these problems in the future. Not all defective genes necessarily produce detrimental(有害的)effects, since the environment in which the gene operates is also of importance. A classic example of a genetic disease having a beneficial effect on survival is illustrated by the rela
48、tionship between sickle-cell,(镶形血球)anemia (贫血症) and malaria(疟病). Only individuals having two copies of the sickle-cell gene and one normal gene are unaffected and, more importantly, are able to resist infection(传染) by malarial parasites (寄生虫). The clear advantage, in this case, of having one defecti
49、ve gene explains why this gene is common in populations in those areas of the world where malaria is endemic(特有的). （分数：-1.00）(1).“the disease“ ( para. 7 ) refers to _.（分数：-0.20）A.sickle-cell geneB.malariaC.sickle-cell anemiaD.detrimental effect(2).Which of the following statement is “TRUE“?（分数：-0.20）A.About 10% people have developed an inherited genetic disorder.B.Diseases of genetic origin account for about 5% of all admissions to hospitals.C.All the defective genes produce bad effects.D.Hemophilia is a kind of the X
