1、雅思-58 及答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BListening Modul(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Section 1(总题数：2，分数：10.00)Questions 1-5Complete the form below.Write ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answerMEGEQUIP CUSTOMER DETAILSName U U 1 /U /UGreeningAddress U U 2 /U /UYork TerraceDelivery address 5, York U U 3 /U /UPayment
2、method U U 4 /U /U in advanceReason for discount address within the U U 5 /U /U （分数：5.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_Questions 6-10Complete the table below.Write NO MORE THAN ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer. MEGEQUIP CUSTOMER ORDERItem Catalogueno. Catalogue section Colour Delivery n
3、otesdesk lamp 664 UU 6 /U/U slatecustomer willUU 7 /U/Uchair 131 Home Office UU 8 /U/U our vanfiling cabinettwo drawers withUU 9 /U/U153 Commercial greydirect from London nolater than UU 10 /U/U（分数：5.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、Section 2(总题数：2，分数：10.00)Questions 11 and 12Choose TWO lette
4、rs, A-E.Which TWO things make the museum unusual?A. the guidesB. the eventsC. the animalsD. the buildingsE. the objectsQuestions 13 and 14Choose TWO letters, A-E.Which TWO things can visitors do at the museum?A. buy home-made breadB. ride a horseC. ride on a tramD. buy copies of original postersE. g
5、o down a coal mine （分数：4.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_Questions 15-20Label the map below.Write the correct letter, A-I, next to questions 15-20.（分数：6.00）(1).The exhibition centre_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).The High Street_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).The farmhouse_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).The coal mine_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:
6、_(5).The Manor House_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).The Railway Station_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、Section 3(总题数：2，分数：10.00)Questions 21-26Which attitude is associated with the following people during the conversation?Choose SIX answers from the box and write the correct letter, A-I-I, next to questions 21-26.Attitudes
7、A. amusedB. criticalC. forgetfulD. impatientE. politeF. relaxedG. sympatheticH. unrealisticPeople （分数：6.00）(1).Cressidas fellow students_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Cressida_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Ainsley Webb_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Dr Erskine_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).Professor Jenkins_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).TV news cent
8、re staff_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_Questions 27-30Choose the correct letter, A, B or C. （分数：4.00）(1).What was Cressida asked to do at the beginning of her placement? A. go out to buy things for the production team B. run errands to other parts of the -IV news centre C. meet visitors and escort them to the stu
9、dio（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(2).What was fortunate for Cressida? A. She was familiar with a piece of equipment. B. She spent a lot of time in the editing suite. C. She was given a chance to interview someone.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(3).What does Cressida feel she needs to improve? A. her understanding of business B. h
10、er organisational skills C. her ability to work in a team（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(4).What has given her an idea for her final assignment? A. a meeting with a public relations professional B. seeing a politician speaking to an audience C. a disagreement with one of the TV presenters（分数：1.00）A.B.C.五、Section 4(
11、总题数：1，分数：10.00)Questions 31-40Complete the table below,Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer. THE HISTORY OF THE ELECTRIC GUITARDATE MAKER NAME OF GUITAR FEATURES1890sOrville Gibson no name similar in shane to aU U 1 /U/U1925 John Dopyera The National Guitarmade of metal good for playing UU 2
12、 /U/Umusic1930sC. E Martin Company The Dreadnought strings made of UU 3 /U/U1931 George Beauchamp The UU 4 /U/Uused two UU 5 /U/Ushaped like horsehoesto increase sound1935 Adolph RickenbackerThe Rickenbacker ElectroSpanishmade from UU 6 /U/U1941 Les Paul The Log the first to be completely UU 7 /U/U1
13、950 Leo Fender The Fender Broadcaster its simplicity made it ideal for UU 8 /U/U1951 Leo Fender The UU 9 /U/U easy to carry around1952 Ted McCarty The Gibson Les Paul UU 10 /U/Uin colour1954 Leo Fender The Fender Stratocaster double cutaway design（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填
14、空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_六、BReading Module(总题数：0，分数：0.00)七、Reading Passage 1(总题数：2，分数：13.00)You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.Prime among basic numerical faculties is the ability to distinguish between a larger and a smaller number, say
15、s psychologist Elizabeth Brannon. Humans can do this with ease - providing the ratio is big enough - but do other animals share this ability? In one experiment, rhesus monkeys and university students examined two sets of geometrical objects that appeared briefly on a computer monitor. They had to de
16、cide which set contained more objects. Both groups performed successfully but, importantly, Brannons team found that monkeys, like humans, make more errors when two sets of objects are close in number. The students performance ends up looking just like a monkeys. Its practically identical, she says.
17、Humans and monkeys are mammals, in the animal family known as primates. These are not the only animals whose numerical capacities rely on ratio, however. The same seems to apply to some amphibians. Psychologist Claudia Ullers team tempted salamanders with two sets of fruit flies held in clear tubes.
18、 In a series of trials, the researchers noted which tube the salamanders scampered towards, reasoning that if they had a capacity to recognise number, they would head for the larger number. The salamanders successfully discriminated between tubes containing 8 and 16 flies respectively, but not betwe
19、en 3 and 4, 4 and 6, or 8 and 12. So it seems that for the salamanders to discriminate between two numbers, the larger must be at least twice as big as the smaller. However, they could differentiate between 2 and 3 flies lust as well as between 1 and 2 flies, suggesting they recognise small numbers
20、in a different way from larger numbers.Further support for this theory comes from studies of mosquitofish, which instinctively join the biggest shoal* they can. A team at the University of Padova found that while mosquitofish can tell the difference between a group containing 3 shoal-mates and a gro
21、up containing 4, they did not show a preference between groups of 4 and 5. The team also found that mosquitofish can discriminate between numbers up to 16, but only if the ratio between the fish in each shoal was greater than 2:1. This indicates that the fish, like salamanders, possess both the appr
22、oximate and precise number systems found in more intelligent animals such as infant humans and other primates.While these findings are highly suggestive, some critics argue that the animals might be relying on other factors to complete the tasks, without considering the number itself. Any study that
23、s claiming an animal is capable of representing number should also be controlling for other factors, says Brannon. Experiments have confirmed that primates can indeed perform numerical feats without extra clues, but what about the more primitive animals? To consider this possibility, the mosquitofis
24、h tests were repeated, this time using varying geometrical shapes in place of fish. The team arranged these shapes so that they had the same overall surface area and luminance even though they contained a different number of objects. Across hundreds of trials*a group of fishon 14 different fish, the
25、 team found they consistently discriminated 2 objects from 3. The team is now testing whether mosquitofish can also distinguish 3 geometric objects from 4.Even more primitive organisms may share this ability. Entomologist Jurgen Tautz sent a group of bees down a corridor, at the end of which lay two
26、 chambers - one which contained sugar water, which they like, while the other was empty. To test the bees numeracy, the team marked each chamber with a different number of geometrical shapes - between 2 and 6. The bees quickly learned to match the number of shapes with the correct chamber. Like the
27、salamanders and fish, there was a limit to the bees mathematical prowess - they could differentiate up to 4 shapes, but failed with 5 or 6 shapes.These studies still do not show whether animals learn to count through training, or whether they are born with the skills already intact. If the latter is
28、 true, it would suggest there was a strong evolutionary advantage to a mathematical mind. Proof that this may be the case has emerged from an experiment testing the mathematical ability of three- and four-day-old chicks. Like mosquitofish, chicks prefer to be around as many of their siblings as poss
29、ible, so they will always head towards a larger number of their kin. If chicks spend their first few days surrounded by certain objects, they become attached to these objects as if they were family. Researchers placed each chick in the middle of a platform and showed it two groups of balls of paper.
30、 Next, they hid the two piles behind screens, changed the quantities and revealed them to the chick. This forced the chick to perform simple computations to decide which side now contained the biggest number of its “brothers“. Without any prior coaching, the chicks scuttled to the larger quantity at
31、 a rate well above chance. They were doing some very simple arithmetic, claim the researchers.Why these skills evolved is not hard to imagine, since it would help almost any animal forage for food. Animals on the prowl for sustenance must constantly decide which tree has the most fruit, or which pat
32、ch of flowers will contain the most nectar. There are also other, less obvious, advantages of numeracy. In one compelling example, researchers in America found that female coots appear to calculate how many eggs they have laid - and add any in the nest laid by an intruder- before making any decision
33、s about adding to them. Exactly how ancient these skills are is difficult to determine, however. Only by studying the numerical abilities of more and more creatures using standardised procedures can we hope to understand the basic preconditions for the evolution of number.Questions 1-7Complete the t
34、able below.Choose NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet. ANIMAL NUMERACYSubjects Experiment ResultsMammals and birdsrhesus monkeysand humanslooked at two sets of geometrical objects oncomputer screenperformance of two groups is
35、 almostUU 1 /U/Uchickschose between two sets of UU 2 /U/Uwhich are alteredchicks can do calculations in order tochoose larger groupcootsbehaviour of UU 3 /U/Ubirds wasobservedbird seems to have ability to count eggsAmphibians, fish and insectssalamandersoffered clear tubes containing differentquanti
36、ties of UU 4 /U/Usalamanders distinguish between numbersover four if bigger number is at least twotimes largerUU 5 /U/Ushown real shoals and later artificial ones ofgeometrical shapes; these are subjects know difference between two andused to checkinfluence of total UU 6 /U/Ubrightnessthree and poss
37、ibly three and four, but notbetween four and fivebees had to learn where UU 7 /U/Uwas stored could soon choose correct place（分数：7.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 8-13 on your answer sheet,
38、writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this（分数：6.00）(1).Primates are better at identifying the larger of two numbers if one is much bigger than the other.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Jurgen Tautz trained
39、the insects in his experiment to recognise the shapes of individual numbers.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).The research involving young chicks took place over two separate days.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).The experiment with chicks suggests that some numerical ability exists in newborn animals.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).Rese
40、archers have experimented by altering quantities of nectar or fruit available to certain wild animals.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).When assessing the number of eggs in their nest, coots take into account those of other birds.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_八、Reading Passage 2(总题数：3，分数：13.00)You should spend about 20 minutes
41、 on Questions 14-26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.Is it time to halt the rising tide of plastic packaging?A. Close up, plastic packaging can be a marvellous thing. Those who make a living from it call it a forgotten infrastructure that allows modern urban life to exist. Plastics have h
42、elped society defy natural limits such as the seasons, the rotting of food and the distance most of us live from where our food is produced. And yet we do not like it. Partly we do not like waste, but plastic waste, with its hydrocarbon roots and industrial manufacture, is especially galling. In 200
43、8, the UK, for example, produced around two million tonnes of plastic waste, twice as much as in the early 1990s. The very qualities of plastic - its cheapness, its indestructible aura - make it a reproachful symbol of an unsustainable way of life. The facts, however, do not justify our unease. All
44、plastics are, at least theoretically, recyclable. Plastic packaging makes up just 6 to 7 per cent of the contents of British dustbins by weight and less than 3 per cent of landfill. Supermarkets and brands, which are under pressure to reduce the quantity of packaging of all types that they use, are
45、finding good environmental reasons to turn to plastic: it is lighter, so requires less energy for transportation than glass, for example; it requires relatively little energy to produce; and it is often re-usable. An Austrian study found that if plastic packaging were removed from the supply chain, other packaging would have to increase fourfold to make up for it.B. So are we just wrong about plastic packaging? Is it time to
