1、雅思-56 及答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BListening Modul(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Section 1(总题数：2，分数：10.00)Questions 1-10Complete the notes below.Write no more than TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer.Cycling holiday in AustriaHoliday begins on U U 1 /U /UNo more, than U U 2 /U /Upeople in cycling group.Eac
2、h day, group cycles U U 3 /U /Uon average.Some, of the hotels have, a U U 4 /U /UHoliday costs U U 5 /U /Uper person without flights.All food included except U U 6 /U /U （分数：6.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_Essential to bring a U U 7 /U /UDiscount possible, on equipment at www. U U 8 /
3、U /U.comPossible that the U U 9 /U /Umay change.Guided tour of a U U 10 /U /Uis arranged.（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、Section 2(总题数：2，分数：10.00)Questions 11-14Choose the correct letter, A, B or C. （分数：4.00）(1).The market is now situated A. under a car park. B. beside the cathedral. C. near
4、the river.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(2).On only one day a week the market sells A. antique furniture. B. local produce. C. hand-made items.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(3).The area is well known for A. ice cream. B. a cake. C. a fish dish.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.(4).What change has taken place in the harbour area? A. Fish can now be
5、 bought from the fishermen. B. The restaurants have moved to a different part. C. There are fewer restaurants than there used to be.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.Which advantage is mentioned for each of the following restaurants?Choose SIX answers from the box and write the correct letter, A-H, next to questions 1
6、5-20.AdvantagesA. the decorationB. easy parkingC. entertainmentD. excellent serviceE. good valueF. good viewsG. quiet locationH. wide menu （分数：6.00）(1).Merrivales _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).The Lobster Pot _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Elliots _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).The Cabin _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).The Olive Tree _（分数
7、：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).The Old School Restaurant _（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、Section 3(总题数：2，分数：10.00)Questions 21-26Complete the flow-chart below.Choose SIX answers from the box and write the correct letter, A-I, next to questions 21-26.A. actorsB. furnitureC. background noiseD. costumesE. local councilF. equipme
8、ntG. shooting scheduleH. understudiesI. shopowners（分数：6.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_Questions 27-30Choose four answers from the box and write the correct letter, A-G, next to questions 27-30.A. lightsB. fixed cameraC. mirrorD. torchesE. wooden screenF. bikeG. large box（分数：4.00）填空项 1
9、:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_五、Section 4(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Questions 31-40Complete the table below.Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer. EXOTIC PESTSOrigin Name New habitat NotesAustraliared-backedspider New Zealandand Japaneven on island in middle ofU(31) U/U/UEngland rabbit Australia800 years ago:
10、imported intoEngland to be used forU(32) U/U/UAmerica fire antsU(33) Uin Brisbane/U/Uimported by chanceAustraliaU(34) U/U/UScotlanddeliberately introducedin order to improveU(35) U(not effective)/U/UNew Zealand flatwormU(36) UEurope/U/Uaccidental introduction insideimportedU (37) U/U/UJapan U(38) U/
11、U/UAustraliancoastal waters some advantagesAustraliabudgerigarurban areas ofsouth-eastU(39) U/U/Usmaller flocks because ofarrival ofU (40) Uinrecent years/U/U（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_六、BReading Module(总题数：0，分数：0.00)七、Reading Passage 1(总题数：3，分数：1
12、3.00)You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading Passage 1 below.BWalking with dinosaurs/BPeter L. Falkingham and his colleagues at Manchester University are developing techniques which look set to revolutionise our understanding of how dinosaurs and other extinct
13、 animals behaved.The media image of palaeontologists who study prehistoric life is often of field workers camped in the desert in the hot sun, carefully picking away at the rock surrounding a large dinosaur bone. But Peter Falkingham has done little of that for a while now. Instead, he devotes himse
14、lf to his computer. Not because he has become inundated with paperwork, but because he is a new kind of palaeontologist: a computational palaeontologist.What few people may consider is that uncovering a skeleton, or discovering a new species, is where the research begins, not where it ends. What we
15、really want to understand is how the extinct animals and plants behaved in their natural habitats. Drs Bill Sellers and Phil Manning from the University of Manchester use agenetic algorithm- a kind of computer code that can change itself and evolve- to explore how extinct animals like dinosaurs, and
16、 our own early ancestors, walked and stalked.The fossilised bones of a complete dinosaur skeleton can tell scientists a lot about the animal, but they do not make up the complete picture and the computer can try to fill the gap. The computer model is given a digitised skeleton, and the locations of
17、known muscles. The model then randomly activates the muscles. This, perhaps unsurprisingly, results almost without fail in the animal falling on its face. So the computer alters the activation pattern and tries again usually to similar effect. The modelled dinosaurs quickly evolve. If there is any i
18、mprovement, the computer discards the old pattern and adopts the new one as the base for alteration. Eventually, the muscle activation pattern evolves a stable way of moving, the best possible solution is reached, and the dinosaur can walk, run, chase or graze. Assuming natural selection evolves the
19、 best possible solution too, the modelled animal should be moving in a manner similar to its now-extinct counterpart. And indeed, using the same method for living animals (humans, emu and ostriches) similar top speeds were achieved on the computer as in reality. By comparing their cyberspace results
20、 with real measurements of living species, the Manchester team of palaeontologists can be confident in the results computed showing how extinct prehistoric animals such as dinosaurs moved. The Manchester University team have used the computer simulations to produce a model of a giant meat-eating din
21、osaur. It is called an acrocanthosaurus which literally means high spined lizard because of the spines which run along its backbone. It is not really known why they are there but scientists have speculated they could have supported a hump that stored fat and water reserves. There are also those who
22、believe that the spines acted as a support for a sail. Of these, one half think it was used as a display and could be flushed with blood and the other half think it was used as a temperature-regulating device. It may have been a mixture of the two. The skull seems out of proportion with its thick, h
23、eavy body because it is so narrow and the jaws are delicate and fine. The feet are also worthy of note as they look surprisingly small in contrast to the animal as a whole. It has a deep broad tail and powerful leg muscles to aid locomotion. It walked on its back legs and its front legs were much sh
24、orter with powerful claws.Falkingham himself is investigating fossilised tracks, or footprints, using computer simulations to help analyse how extinct animals moved. Modern-day trackers who study the habitats of wild animals can tell you what animal made a track, whether that animal was walking or r
25、unning, sometimes even the sex of the animal. But a fossil track poses a more considerable challenge to interpret in the same way. A crucial consideration is knowing what the environment including the mud, or sediment, upon which the animal walked was like millions of years ago when the track was ma
26、de. Experiments can answer these questions but the number of variables is staggering. To physically recreate each scenario with a box of mud is extremely time-consuming and difficult to repeat accurately. This is where computer simulation comes in.Falkingham uses computational techniques to model a
27、volume of mud and control the moisture content, consistency, and other conditions to simulate the mud of prehistoric times. A footprint is then made in the digital mud by a virtual foot. This footprint can be chopped up and viewed from any angle and stress values can be extracted and calculated from
28、 inside it. By running hundreds of these simulations simultaneously on supercomputers, Falkingham can start to understand what types of footprint would be expected if an animal moved in a certain way over a given kind of ground. Looking at the variation in the virtual tracks, researchers can make se
29、nse of fossil tracks with greater confidence.The application of computational techniques in palaeontology is becoming more prevalent every year. As computer power continues to increase, the range of problems that can be tackled and questions that can be answered will only expand.Do the following sta
30、tements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 1-6 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on this（分数：6.00）(1).In his study of prehistoric life, Peter Fa
31、lkingham rarely spends time on outdoor research these days.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Several attempts are usually needed before the computer model of a dinosaur used by Sellers and Manning manages to stay upright.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).When the Sellers and Manning computer model was used for people, it showe
32、d them moving faster than they are physically able to.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Some palaeontologists have expressed reservations about the conclusions reached by the Manchester team concerning the movement of dinosaurs.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).An experienced tracker can analyse fossil footprints as easily as
33、those made by live animals.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).Research carried out into the composition of prehistoric mud has been found to be inaccurate.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_Label the diagram below.Choose NO MORE THAN ONE WORD from the passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes 7-9 on your answer sheet.A mod
34、el of an acrocanthosaurus（分数：3.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_Complete the flow-chart below.Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.（分数：4.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_八、Reading Passage 2(总题数：3，分数：13.00)You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on Reading Passage 2 below.T
35、he robots are coming- or are they?What is the current state of play in Artificial Intelligence ?（分数：7.00）(1).an insect that proves the superiority of natural intelligence over Artificial Intelligence（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).robots being able to benefit from their mistakes（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).many research
36、ers not being put off believing that Artificial Intelligence will eventually be developed（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).an innovative approach that is having limited success（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).the possibility of creating Artificial Intelligence being doubted by some academics（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).no generally ac
37、cepted agreement of what our brains do（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).robots not being able to extend their intelligence in the same way as humans（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_Look at the following people (Questions 21-23) and the list of statements below.Match each person with the correct statement, A-E.Write the correct le
38、tter, A-E, in boxes 21-23 on your answer sheet.A. Artificial Intelligence may require something equivalent to feelings in order to succeed.B. Different kinds of people use different parts of the brain.C. Tests involving fiction have defeated Artificial Intelligence so far.D. People have intellectual
39、 capacities which do not exist in computers.E. People have no reason to be frightened of robots.（分数：3.00）(1).Colin McGinn（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Marvin Minsky（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Hans Moravec（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_Complete the summary below.Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer.Write your answer
40、s in boxes 24-26 on your answer sheet.When will we have a thinking machine? Despite some advances, the early robots had certain weaknesses. They were given the information they needed on a U U 11 /U /UThis was known as the top-down approach and enabled them to do certain tasks but they were unable t
41、o recognise U U 12 /U /UNor did they have any intuition or ability to make decisions based on experience. Rodney Brooks tried a different approach. Robots similar to those invented by Brooks are to be found on U U 13 /U /U where they are collecting information.（分数：3.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_九、Reading
42、 Passage 3(总题数：3，分数：14.00)You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading Passage 3 below.Endangered languages“Never mind whales, save the languages.says Peter Monaghan, graduate of the Australian National UniversityWorried about the loss of rainforests and the ozone
43、 layer? Well, neither of those is doing any worse than a large majority of the 6,000 to 7,000 languages that remain in use on Earth. One half of the survivors will almost certainly be gone by 2050, while 40% more will probably be well on their way out. In their place, almost all humans will speak on
44、e of a handful of megalanguages - Mandarin, English, Spanish. Linguists know what causes languages to disappear, but less often remarked is what happens on the way to disappearance: languages vocabularies, grammars and expressive potential all diminish as one language is replaced by another. Say a community goes over from speaking a traditional Aboriginal language to speaking a creole*, says Australian Nick Evans, a leading authority on Aboriginal languages, you leave behind a language where theres very fine vocabulary for the landscape. All that is gone in a creole. Youve just g
