1、雅思(学术类)模拟 74 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Listening Module(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION 1(总题数：1，分数：5.00)（分数：5.00）(1).Complete the form below. Write NO MORE THAN ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer. Small Claims TribunalClaim FormClaimant“s Name: Emily-Jane Appleby Address: 1 yeronga Street _1_ Postc
2、ode: 4105 Telephone No. (Work): N/A (Home): _2_ - Respondent: _3_ Trading Name: ABC Appliances Ltd Address: _4_ Avenue Bardon Postcode: _5_ Telephone No. (Work): 7232 4681 - Date (of Transaction): 3/2/2011 Warranty/Guarantee: _6_（分数：0.50）(7).Complete the notes below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS OR
3、A NUMBER for each answer. Full Particulars of Claim Goods: _7_ - (“Mallard“ brand, “Whisper“ model, serial no. XY303) Agreed to pay: _8_ Goods delivered on 5/3/2011 ABC Appliances picked up the trade-in on the same date. Salesman said: Mallard Whisper model uses less energy because it has shorter cy
4、cle reduces the amount of _9_ used whisper quiet Complaint: the cycle is longer and the appliance is very _10_（分数：0.50）三、SECTION 2(总题数：1，分数：5.00)（分数：5.00）(1).Complete the sentences below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer. The coach is comfortable because it is 1.（分数：0.50）(2).After all pa
5、ssengers are aboard, the coach will make its first stop at 1 Island.（分数：0.50）(3).The “Tree Top Walk“ is above a 1.（分数：0.50）(4).Passengers will have a 1 with the alpacas before boarding the bus for home.（分数：0.50）(5).Complete the table below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answe
6、r. （分数：0.50）四、SECTION 3(总题数：1，分数：5.00)（分数：5.00）(1).Answer the questions below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer. According to the liaison officer, what do volunteers help provide?（分数：0.50）(2).What can volunteers help students check and correct?（分数：0.50）(3).What aspect of students“ self-m
7、anagement can volunteers assist greatly with improving?（分数：0.50）(4).What will volunteers try to develop in the students so that they exert themselves more?（分数：0.50）(5).What is it that teachers have that allows them to respond to individual student requirements? Many different 1.（分数：0.50）(6).Complete
8、 the summary below using phrases from the box. Choose your answers from the box and write the letters A-H next to questions 26-30. Sharon and Lester have different _6_ . Sharon studied business while Lester studied science. They are volunteering to help out at a school which is increasing its studen
9、ts“ _7_ in a number of subject areas. The _8_ programme is well underway. It“s a well-equipped school and the liaison officer is particularly impressed by the _9_ . The school offers many things to do outside the curriculum and students are encouraged to take part in _10_ . A. vocational learning ex
10、periences B. practical components C. self-learning software D. academic backgrounds E. marine studies F. interesting developments G. scholastic competitions H. building and construction（分数：0.50）五、SECTION 4(总题数：1，分数：5.00)（分数：5.00）(1).Complete the sentences below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each
11、 answer. Someone in an anxiety state has worse 1 than normal.（分数：0.50）(2).A phobia may stem from heredity or 1.（分数：0.50）(3).The reason for the final breakdown is generally linked with 1 like the loss of a loved one or a health crisis.（分数：0.50）(4).Match the phobic state in the box to the symptoms bel
12、ow. Choose your answers from the box and write the letters A-D next to questions 34-40. Phobic statesA. Single phobia B. Agoraphobia C. Claustrophobia D. Social phobia The sufferer: Feels extremely shy in company（分数：0.50）(5).Likes to sleep with the lights on（分数：0.50）(6).Fears leaving the house（分数：0.
13、50）(7).Gets sweaty hands（分数：0.50）(8).Fears a particular creature（分数：0.50）(9).Fears small spaces（分数：0.50）(10).Has difficulty speaking in front of other people（分数：0.50）六、Reading Module(总题数：0，分数：0.00)七、READING PASSAGE 1(总题数：1，分数：6.50)HYBRID SOLAR LIGHTINGLight the Interiors of Buildings with Sunlight!H
14、ybrid solar lighting is a system that captures sunlight on a roof top and uses optical fibres to channel it directly into a building. The only power needed to operate it is a 9-volt battery and the energy cost reduction, worker productivity and health benefits are immense. It was originally develope
15、d by the US Department of Energy at its Oak Ridge National Laboratory and licensed to a company called Sunlight Direct. It has already been installed in a large number and a wide range of buildings in the USA including higher education institutions, museums, department stores and other specialty sto
16、res. Initial reports declare that retail sales increase by as much as 40% when the switch is made from fluorescent lighting to hybrid solar. Furthermore, there is a major improvement in the attention spans and academic attainment of undergraduates in classrooms or lecture theatres lit by hybrid sola
17、r. It is to be hoped that the technology can soon be made financially feasible for households as well as commercial buildings. It has been suggested that 30% of the electricity used in the USA is just for lighting and, for retailers, the estimate increases to 45%. Obviously, that figure could decrea
18、se significantly if sunlight could be brought inside. Hybrid solar lighting is predicted not only to save millions of dollars in energy costs but it is attractive for its quality which is almost identical to daylight. A solar collector consisting of a 1.2 metre parabolic primary mirror concentrates
19、the light toward a secondary mirror which has a special multi-layer coating that reflects only the visible wavelengths which effectively strips off the ultra-violet and infra-red wavelengths from the reflected light. This is important to reduce heat in the fibre optics which would otherwise melt. Th
20、e visible light is focused from the secondary mirror towards a receiver module where it is homogenized to guarantee uniformity before it enters the fibre optic bundle which then passes into the building interior for lighting. The fibres are easily installed and replaced and unlike fluorescent lights
21、 that require energy, the hybrid solar system only needs one 9-volt battery %o power the solar tracking system for a week. The solar tracker mechanism consists of two motors that are controlled by a GPS (global positioning system) micro processor situated beneath it. This computes the exact position
22、 of the sun (based on the latitude, longitude, date and time) to within point one degree. The light collected shines brightly. Just two of these fibres emit enough light to be equivalent to a 60 Watt light bulb and there are 127 of fibres in one bundle. What if it is cloudy or rainy outside? That“s
23、where the hybrid comes in. The lighting fixtures combine the sunlight with the artificial light from fluorescent or incandescent lamps to create a hybrid luminaire. A photo sensor in the room monitors the intensity and automatic adjustments are made in order to keep a constant level of illumination.
24、 A room lit entirely by fluorescence has an orange glow which is not very natural. If the lighting is changed to 80% solar and 20% fluorescent, it is far more aesthetically appealing. It is estimated that hybrid solar lighting could reduce their energy bill of most retailers by 60%; and retail store
25、s have been some of the first adopters of the new technology because of the health benefits gained from natural lighting. Studies have shown that 20% of workers under artificial light suffer symptoms of depression from Seasonal Affective Disorder (SAD). In addition, retail stores with natural lighti
26、ng sold 40% more merchandise than stores with artificial light. Research has shown that biological rhythms and circadian rhythms are the secret to having successful and productive employees. Bringing in the natural light helps regulate these biological processes. The technology has made such an impr
27、ession that other scientists are looking at alternative applications: utilizing the UV light energy for hot water heating, for example. There is one limitation to the technology, however: although the plastic optical fibres are very low cost, they also have very low transmittance and extend for only
28、 around 15 metres from the solar collector. This is why currently solar hybrid lighting is primarily focused on the top and main floors of a building. Overall, the potential electricity savings and carbon dioxide reductions are enormous. The units are designed to last twenty years and, as volumes of
29、 sales increase, the price should come down considerably. It may be a while before individual households can enjoy hybrid solar lighting but, in the meantime, there is a substantial benefit in that it is making many work and study spaces as natural and comfortable for humans as possible.（分数：6.50）(1)
30、.Complete the summary below with words taken from Reading Passage 1. Use NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 1-3 on your answer sheet. A hybrid solar lighting system has been developed that uses _1_ to illuminate buildings. Numerous advantages have been described, suc
31、h as a boost in _2_ and increased _3_ and educational achievement amongst students.（分数：0.50）(4).Complete the diagram below. Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 4-8 on your answer sheet. （分数：0.50）(9).Complete the notes below. Choose NO MORE THAN
32、 TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 9-13 on your answer sheet. 127 fibres = 1 bundle 2 fibres = 60 Watt bulb A _9_ measures amount of light their position can only be terminated with “just cause“. Proving just cause is a lengthy, difficult process that happens ra
33、relyonly around 50 of 280,000 tenured professors lose their status every year. The purpose of tenure is to provide shelter for researchers who dissent from dominant opinions, disagree with the authorities of universities, donors or political authorities, or choose to research topics that may have so
34、cial importance but seem unimportant or unnecessary to others. In this way it seeks to keep intellectual pursuits “pure“ rather than at the whim of external interests. Without tenure, professors might prefer uncontroversial research on popular topics, and draw dishonest conclusions in a bid to pleas
35、e authorities and keep their jobs. C. In an era of perpetual cost-cutting and budget-tightening, however, guaranteeing large numbers of academics lifetime employment with related benefits is increasing untenable. The proportion of university teachers with tenure has slid from 75 percent in 1960 to j
36、ust 27 percent today. Rising in their place are “professor adjuncts“. Adjuncts are temporary, part-time employees who were initially brought in only occasionally as special guest lecturers or to provide cover for tenured professors on parental or research leave. Adjuncts teach individual classes and
37、 have no research or administrative responsibilities, and their contracts typically run for a single semester, after which they might be renewed. Over the last few decades their use has been extended beyond these temporary exigencies, and adjuncts have become a permanent, institutionalised aspect of
38、 academic employment. D. This has created several problems for adjunct professors, who are considered by some to make up a growing “academic underclass“. Firstly, because contracts are always temporary, adjuncts rarely qualify for insurance and health benefits, such as time off with remuneration for
39、 illness, in the same way as tenured professors. Secondly, recompense for adjuncts is often very low. In order to make a living from their work, adjuncts typically need to win contracts with multiple universities. As a consequence of this high teaching workloadand the lack of paid research opportuni
40、tiesadjuncts tend to find it hard to publish articles and win research grants, therefore making promotion increasingly unlikely with every year that passes (academic promotion is governed by what is known as a “publish or perish“ culture). E. The culture of using adjuncts also has flow-on effects fo
41、r the quality of teaching that students receive. Because adjuncts come in only for classes, they do not have offices or office hours on campus, and usually do not have the time to meet up with students in small groups or for one-on-one sessions. The disengagement between students and teachers can ma
42、ke it difficult for struggling students to find guidance outside of lectures. Adjuncts are also less “tied“ to the universities they teach at and fail to accumulate reputations over time in the same way as full-time professors. As such, they are not as personally invested in the quality and outcome
43、of their teaching. Finally, it has been reported that many adjuncts practice grade inflationraising grades higher than deservedin order to maintain their job security by keeping students pleased. These outcomes are not because adjuncts are malfeasant or incompetent professors, but rather because of
44、the structural pressures this type of work involvesprecisely what the tenure system sought to overcome. F. The rising use of adjunct professors also has implications for the research and pedagogical autonomy of teachers. Because adjuncts do not have tenure, they can be fired with the simplest of exp
45、lanations. Furthermore, administrators who do not want to give any reason at all can choose to simply not renew an adjunct“s contract after the semester finishes. As such, there is immense pressure on adjuncts to teach in ways that please those who employ them. While only 50 tenured professors lose
46、their jobs in the USA every year, reports emerge every day about adjuncts who have been fired or not had contracts renewed after disputes with faculty or administrators over course design, teaching, or employment issues. As the pool of growing numbers of adjuncts compete desperately for the shrinkin
47、g amount of tenure-track positions, intellectual conformity can grow as candidates position themselves as safe, mainstream choices. As theoretical physicist Lee Smolin has written, “.it is practically career suicide for young theoretical physicists not to join the field of string theory.“ The rising
48、 use of adjunct professors is mainly rooted in a need for cost efficiency in education, but it has more diffuse effects on the wellbeing of academic professionals and students, the quality of the education they receive, and academic freedom in general. Everyone who is concerned about more than the f
49、iscal “bottom line“ needs to follow this trend carefully.（分数：6.50）(1).Section A（分数：0.50）(2).Section B（分数：0.50）(3).Section C（分数：0.50）(4).Section D（分数：0.50）(5).Section E（分数：0.50）(6).Section F（分数：0.50）(7).Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D. Write your answers in boxes 20-22 on your answer sheet. What was the motivation behind the tenure system?（分数：0.50）A.To allow professors t
