1、雅思(学术类)模拟 71 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Listening Module(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、SECTION 1(总题数：1，分数：5.00)（分数：5.00）(1).Complete the form below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER for each answer. Application for: Children“s LibrarianVolunteer Name: Tessa Bridges Address: 51, _1_ Drive Area: North
2、wood Postcode: _2_ Studying at: Northwood Polytechnic Major: _3_ Career choice: Children“s author（分数：0.50）(4).Complete the table below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer. Work History Length of service Employer/Place Position 2 years 4 babysitter 1 year Senior High School 5 3 months Ace S
3、ports Academy 6 ongoing Northwood Hospital official visitor: Children“s ward （分数：0.50）(7).Is Tessa available for work at the times listed below? Write the correct letter, A, B or C, next to questions 7-10. A. She is definitely available for work at these times B. She might be available for work at t
4、hese times C. She is not available for work at these times Times: Weekdays（分数：0.50）(8).Evenings（分数：0.50）(9).Weekends（分数：0.50）(10).School Holidays（分数：0.50）三、SECTION 2(总题数：1，分数：5.00)（分数：5.00）(1).Complete the notes below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer. Be Well Online Programme = interact
5、ive website with resources to help reach health _1_ Wellness Register: easy online health check keep a record of progress get _2_ on present health condition Active Health Agenda: 8-week plans taking into account age the meaning must be acquired from the context of what is being said. Users of Nu sh
6、u developed coded meanings for various words and phrases, but it is likely that only a tiny fraction of these will ever be known. Many secrets of Nu shu have gone to the grave. C. Nu shu was developed as a way to allow women to communicate with one another in confidence. To some extent this demand c
7、ame from a desire for privacy, and Nu shu allowed women a forum for personal written communication in a society that was dominated by a male-orientated social culture. There was also a practical element to the rise of Nu shu , however: until the mid 20th century, women were rarely encouraged to beco
8、me literate in the standard Chinese script. Nu shu provided a practical and easy-to-learn alternative. Women who were separated from their families and friends by marriage could therefore send “letters“ to each other. Unlike traditional correspondence, however, Nu shu characters were painted or embr
9、oidered onto everyday items like fans, pillowcases and handkerchiefs and embodied in “artwork“ in order to avoid making men suspicious. D. After the Chinese Revolution, more women were encouraged to become literate in the standard Chinese script, and much of the need for a special form of women“s co
10、mmunication was dampened. When the Red Guard discovered the script in the 1960s, they thought it to be a code used for espionage. Upon learning that it was a secret women“s language they were suspicious and fearful. Numerous letters, weavings, embroideries and other artifacts were destroyed and wome
11、n were forbidden to practise Nu shu customs. As a consequence, the generational chains of linguistic transmission were broken up, and the language ceased being passed clown through sworn sisters. There is no longer anyone alive who has learnt Nu shu in this traditional manner; Yang Huanyi, the last
12、proficient user of the language, died on September 20, 2004, in her late 90s. E. In recent years, however, popular and scholarly interest in Nu shu has blossomed. The Ford Foundation granted US $209,000 to build a Nu shu Museum that houses artifacts such as audio recordings, manuscripts and articles
13、, some of which date back over 100 years. The investment from Hong Kong SAR is also being used to build infrastructure at potential tourist sites in Hunan, and some schools in the area have begun instruction in the language. Incidentally, the use of Nu shu is also a theme in Lisa See“s historical no
14、vel, Snow Flower and the Secret Fan , which has since been adapted for film.（分数：6.50）(1).Section A（分数：0.50）(2).Section B（分数：0.50）(3).Section C（分数：0.50）(4).Section D（分数：0.50）(5).Section E（分数：0.50）(6).Choose TWO letters A-E. Write your answers in boxes 6-7 on your answer sheet. Why was there a need fo
15、r Nu shu ? Which TWO reasons are given in the text? A. It provided new artistic opportunities for female artisans. B. It was a way for uneducated women to read and write. C. Not enough women were taking an interest in literature. D. It was a way for women to correspond without men knowing. E. It hel
16、ped women believe in themselves and their abilities.（分数：0.50）(8).Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1? In boxes 8-13 on your answer sheet, write TRUE if the statement agrees with the information FALSE if the statement contradicts the information NOT GIVEN
17、 if there is no information on this The post-Revolution government did not want women to read or write in any language.（分数：0.50）(9).At first, the Red Guard thought Nu shu might be a tool for spies.（分数：0.50）(10).Women could be punished with the death penalty for using Nu shu .（分数：0.50）(11).The custom
18、ary way of learning Nu shu has died out.（分数：0.50）(12).There is a lot of money to be made out of public interest in Nu shu .（分数：0.50）(13).Nu shu is now being openly taught.（分数：0.50）八、READING PASSAGE 2(总题数：1，分数：6.50)Venus FlytrapsA. From indigenous myths to John Wyndham“s Day of the Triffids and the o
19、ff-Broadway musical Little Shop of Horrors , the idea of cerebral, carnivorous flora has spooked audiences and readers for centuries. While shrubs and shoots have yet to uproot themselves or show any interest in human beings, however, for some of earth“s smaller inhabitantsarachnids and insectsthe r
20、isk of being trapped and ingested by a plant can be a threat to their daily existence. Easily the most famous of these predators is the Venus Flytrap, one of only two types of “snap traps“ in the world. Though rarely found growing wild, the Flytrap has captured popular imagination and can be purchas
21、ed in florists and plant retailers around the world. B. Part of the Venus Flytrap“s mysterious aura begins with the title itself. While it is fairly clear that the second-half of the epithet has been given for its insect-trapping ability, the origin of “Venus“ is somewhat more ambiguous. According t
22、o the International Carnivorous Plant Society, the plant was first studied in the 17th and 18th Centuries, when puritanical mores ruled Western societies and obsession was rife with forbidden human impulses and urges. Women were often portrayed in these times as seductresses and temptresses, and bot
23、anists are believed to have seen a parallel between the behaviour of the plant in luring and devouring insects, and the imagined behaviour of women in luring and “trapping“ witless men. The plant was thus named after the pagan goddess of love and moneyVenus. C. The Venus Flytrap is a small plant wit
24、h six to seven leaves growing out of a bulb-like stem. At the end of each leaf is a trap, which is an opened pod with cilia around the edges like stiff eyelashes. The pod is lined with anthocynin pigments and sweet-smelling sap to attract flies and other insects. When they fly in, trigger hairs insi
25、de the pod sense the intruder“s movement, and the pod snaps shut. The trigger mechanism is so sophisticated that the plant can differentiate between living creatures and non-edible debris by requiring two trigger hairs to be touched within twenty seconds of each other, or one hair to be touched in q
26、uick succession. The plant has no nervous system, and researchers can only hypothesize as to how the rapid shutting movement works. This uncertainty adds to the Venus Flytrap“s allure. D. The pod shuts quickly, but does not seal entirely at first; scientists have found that this mechanism allows min
27、iscule insects to escape, as they will not be a source of useful nourishment for the plant. If the creature is large enough, however, the plant“s flaps will eventually meet to form an airtight compress, and at this point the digestive process begins. A Venus Flytrap“s digestive system is remarkably
28、similar to how a human stomach works. For somewhere between five and twelve days the trap secretes acidic digestive juices that dissolve the soft tissue and cell membranes of the insect. These juices also kill any bacteria that have entered with the food, ensuring the plant maintains its hygiene so
29、that it does not begin to rot. Enzymes in the acid help with the digestion of DNA, amino acids and cell molecules so that every fleshy part of the animal can be consumed. Once the plant has reabsorbed the digestive fluidthis time with the added nourishmentthe trap re-opens and the exoskeleton blows
30、away in the wind. E. Although transplanted to other locations around the world, the Venus Flytrap is only found natively in an area around Wilmington, North Carolina in the United States. It thrives in bogs, marshes and wetlands and grows in wet sand and peaty soils. Because these environments are s
31、o depleted in nitrogen, they asphyxiate other flora, but the Flytrap overcomes this nutritional poverty by sourcing protein from its insect prey. One of the plant“s curious features is resilience to flameit is speculated that the Flytrap evolved this to endure through periodic blazes and to act as a
32、 means of survival that its competition lacks. F. While the Venus Flytrap will not become extinct anytime soon (an estimated 3-6 million plants are presently in cultivation)its natural existence is uncertain. In the last survey, only 35,800 Flytraps were found remaining in the wild, and some promine
33、nt conservationists have suggested the plant be given the status of “vulnerable“. Since this research is considerably dated, having taken place in 1992, the present number is considerably lower. The draining and destruction of natural wetlands where the Flytrap lives is considered to be the biggest
34、threat to its existence, as well as people removing the plants from their natural habitat. Punitive measures have been introduced to prevent people from doing this. Ironically, while cultural depictions of perennial killers may persist, the bigger threat is not what meat-eating plants might do to us
35、, but what we may do to them.（分数：6.50）(1).Reading Passage 2 has six paragraphs, A-F. Which paragraph contains the following information? Write the correct letter, A-F, in boxes 14-19 on your answer sheet. An overview of how the Flytrap eats its prey（分数：0.50）(2).A comparison between human and plant b
36、ehaviour（分数：0.50）(3).A measure designed to preserve Flytraps in their native environment（分数：0.50）(4).An example of a cultural and artistic portrayal of meat-eating plants（分数：0.50）(5).A characteristic of the Venus Flytrap that is exceptional in the botanical world（分数：0.50）(6).A reference to an aspect
37、 of the Venus Flytrap“s biology that is not fully understood（分数：0.50）(7).Complete the sentences below with words taken from Reading Passage 2. Use NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 20-22 on your answer sheet. If they are too small to provide 1, the closing pod allow
38、s insects to get out.（分数：0.50）(8).Only the 1 is left after the Flytrap has finished digesting an insect.（分数：0.50）(9).Many plants cannot survive in bogs and wetlands owing to the lack of 1.（分数：0.50）(10).Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 2? In boxes 23-26
39、on your answer sheet, write TRUE if the statement agrees with the information FALSE if the statement contradicts the information NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this The Venus Flytrap can withstand some exposure to fire.（分数：0.50）(11).Many botanists would like the Venus Flytrap to be official
40、ly recognised as an endangered plant species.（分数：0.50）(12).Only 35,800 Venus Flytraps now survive in their natural habitats.（分数：0.50）(13).Human interference is a major factor in the decline of wild Venus Flytraps.（分数：0.50）九、READING PASSAGE 3(总题数：1，分数：7.00)DevelopmentShortly after World War , “develo
41、pment“ as we now understand it was set in motion. Western governments and donors poured money into new agencies that set about trying to stimulate the economies of underdeveloped countries. Because of this emphasis, it is now widely regarded as the Growth Model. Although we might expect poverty redu
42、ction to be the central objective, planners at this stage were primarily concerned with industrial development. It was hoped that the benefits of this would trickle down to poor people through raising incomes and providing employment opportunities, thereby indirectly lifting them above the ascribed
43、poverty threshold of a dollar a day. The weaknesses of these assumptions were revealed, however, when poverty rates and economic growth were found to rise simultaneously in many countries. During the 1970s, a new trend took overtrickle-up development. Instead of focusing on macro-economic policy and
44、 large-scale industrial projects, planners shifted attention to the core living requirements of individuals and communities. This became known as the Basic Needs Approach to development. It was hoped that through the provision of services such as community sanitation and literacy programmes, poverty
45、 could be eliminated from below. Economic growth was desirable but superfluousBasic Needs redefined poverty from involving a lack of money to lacking the capability to attain full human potential. The trouble with Basic Needs programmes, however, was their expensive, resource-intensive nature that e
46、ntailed continuous management and funding. Since the 1980s, development planners have moved towards the Sustainable Livelihoods Approach, which emphasises good livelihoods (materially and socially) that, most importantly, are independent and sustainable. “Sustainable“ in this sense means that people
47、 are able to recover from the shocks and stresses of daily life, absolving agencies of the need to persistently monitor their lives. This approach emphasises a view of poverty that comes not from the rich but from the impoverished themselves, who are considered to be most suitably positioned to dete
48、rmine the poverty indicators that contribute to the multiple facets of their own deprivation. Although the Sustainable Livelihoods Approach has been criticised for lacking an environmental platform strong enough to respond to climate change, and for disassociating aspects of power and societal statu
49、s from being a contestable part of development, it is currently the preferred model for development projects. Though there is some linearity to the trajectory of development practice, with paradigms shifting in and out of fashion, vigorous scholarly debate persists around all approaches. The Growth Model, for example, is still defended by many theorists, particularly economists. Those who believe in the Growth Model insist that nothing trumps economic development as a tool for poverty alleviation for the developing countries (although there is oft
