1、物流+Logistics 及答案解析(总分：52.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART ONE(总题数：1，分数：8.00)A. The plan for implementation will include development or configuration of an information system, introduction of new policies and procedures and the development of a change management plan.B. Because supply chains are constantly chang
2、ing and evolving, a company may develop a number of logistics strategies for specific product lines, specific countries or specific customers.C. To adapt to the flexibility of the supply chain, companies should develop and implement a formal logistics strategy. This will allow a company to identify
3、the impact of imminent changes and make organizational or functional changes to ensure service levels are not reduced.D. A company can start to develop a logistics strategy by looking at four distinct levels of their logistics organization. By examining the companys objectives and strategic supply c
4、hain decisions, the logistics strategy should review how the logistics organization contributes to those high-level objectives.E. When examining the four levels of logistics organization, all components of the operation should be examined to ascertain whether any potential cost benefits can be achie
5、ved. There are different component areas for each company but the list should at least include the following: transportation, outsourcing, logistics system, competitors and information.（分数：8.00）(1).What is involved in developing a logistic strategy?（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.(2).The logistics strategy shoul
6、d examine the structural issues of the logistics organization, such as the optimum number of warehouses and distribution centers.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.(3).The key to developing a successful logistics strategy is how it is to be implemented across the organization.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.(4).Why shall we imp
7、lement a logistics strategy?（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.(5).The supply chain constantly changes and that will affect any logistics organization.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.(6).When a company creates a logistics strategy it is defining the service levels at which its logistics organization is at its most cost effectiv
8、e.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.(7).Any strategy should review how each separate function in the logistics organization is to achieve functional excellence.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.(8).What are the components to examine when we develop the logistics strategy?（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.二、PART TWO(总题数：1，分数：6.00)Logistical Ope
9、rating ArrangementsThe potential for logistical services to favorably impact customers is directly related to operating system design. The many different facets of logistical performance requirements make operational design a complex task, as an operating structure must offer a balance of performanc
10、e, cost, and flexibility. (9) ,it is astonishing that any structural similarity exists. But keep in mind that all logistical arrangements have two common characteristics. First, they are designed to manage inventory. Second, the range of logistics alternatives is limited by available technology. (10
11、) Three widely utilized structures are echelon, direct, and combined.Echelon systems utilize warehouses to create inventory assortments and achieve consolidation economies associated with large-volume transportation shipments. Inventories positioned in warehouses are available for rapid deployment t
12、o meet customer requirements. (11) A break bulk facility typically receives large-volume shipments from a variety of suppliers. Inventory is sorted and stored in anticipation of future customer requirements. Food distribution centers operated by major grocery chains and wholesalers are examples of b
13、reak-bulk warehouses. (12) Consolidation is typically required by manufacturing firms that have plants at different geographical locations. Products manufactured at different plants are consolidated at a central warehouse facility to allow the firm to ship full-line assortments to customers. Major c
14、onsumer product manufacturers are prime examples of enterprises using echeloned systems for full-line consolidation.(13) Direct distribution typically uses the expedited services of premium transport combined with information technology to rapidly process customer orders and achieve delivery perform
15、ance. This combination of capabilities, designed into the order delivery cycle, (14) Examples of direct shipments are plant-to-customer truckload shipments, direct store delivery, and various forms of direct-to-consumer fulfillment required to support Internet shopping Direct logistical structures a
16、re also commonly used for inbound components and materials to manufacturing plants because the average shipment size is typically large.A. In contrast to inventory echeloning are logistical systems designed to ship products direct to customers destination from one or a limited number of centrally lo
17、cated inventoriesB. proceeds through a common arrangement of firms and facilities as it moves from origin to final destinationC. A consolidation warehouse operates in a reverse profileD. reduces time delays and overcomes geographical separation from customersE. The use of echelons usually implies th
18、at total cost analysis justifies stocking some level of inventory or performing specific activities at consecutive levels of a supply chainF. When one considers the variety of logistical systems used throughout the world to service widely diverse marketsG. These two characteristics tend to create co
19、mmonly observed operating arrangementsH. Typical echelon systems utilize either break-bulk or consolidation warehouses（分数：6.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、PART THREE(总题数：1，分数：6.00)Just-in-Time(JIT) techniques have received considerable attention and discussion in recent years in all
20、areas related to supply chain management. Sometimes referred to as just-in-time purchasing, and frequently referred to as just-in-time delivery, the goal of JIT is to time-phase activities so that purchased materials and components arrive at the manufacturing or assembly point just at the time they
21、are required for the transformation process. Ideally, raw material and work- in-process inventories are minimized as a result of reducing or eliminating reserve stocks. The key to JIT operations is that demand for components and materials depends on the finalized production schedule. Requirements ca
22、n be determined by focusing on the finished product being manufactured. Once the production schedule is established, just-in-time arrival of components and materials can be planned to coincide with those requirements, resulting in reduced handling and minimal inventories. The implications of JIT are
23、 numerous. Obviously, it is necessary to deal with suppliers who have high and consistent levels of quality, as their components will go directly in to the finished product. Absolutely reliable logistical performance is required and eliminates, or at least reduces, the need for buffer stocks of mate
24、rials. JIT generally requires more frequent deliveries of smaller quantities of purchased inputs, which may require modification of in bound transportation. Clearly, to make JIT work, there must be very close cooperation and communication between manufacturers purchasing organization and suppliers.
25、In JIT operations, companies attempt to gain the benefits of backward vertical integration but avoid the formal tie of ownership. They achieve many of the same ends through coordination and process integration with suppliers.Originally, JIT was applied to manufacturing processes characterized as MTP
26、, since the effective functioning of the system is dependent upon a finalized production schedule. However, as manufacturing strategies have evolved with more emphasis on flexibility, reduced lot-size production quantities, and quick changeovers, JIT concepts have evolved to accommodate ATO and MTO
27、manufacturing as well and in manufacturing is now referred to as lean, as discussed above. In many situations, lead suppliers are used by manufacturers to sort, segregate, and sequence materials as they flow into assembly operations. The goal is to reduce handling and facilitate continuous JIT.Some
28、organizations, seeing the benefits of JIT systems and recognizing the benefits of supplier integration, have gone so far as to bring their suppliers personnel into their production plants. The supplier personnel are empowered to use the customers purchase orders, have full access to production sched
29、ules, and have responsibility for scheduling arrival of materials.（分数：6.00）(1).By the word “work-in-process“ (line 5, paragraph 1), the author meansA. partly completed productsB. products being assembledC. semi-manufactured productsD. made-up products（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What do JIT operations depen
30、d on?A. Reserve stocksB. The finalized production scheduleC. Manufacturing or assembly pointD. The efficiency of manufacturers（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which of the following is NOT the description of Just-in-Time(JIT) techniques?A. It is to time-phase activities.B. Suppliers components go directly in to
31、 the finished product.C. JIT generally requires more frequent deliveries of smaller quantities of purchased in puts.D. In JIT operations, companies attempt to gain the benefits of backward vertical integration.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which of the following term is mentioned in the passage?A. MTPB. ATOC
32、. MTOD. FOB（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following is NOT right?A. MTP is concerning manufacturing processes.B. ATO is the item used for suppliers.C. The effective functioning of JIT is dependent upon a finalized production schedule.D. JIT has numerous implications.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(6).What migh
33、t be the most appropriate title of the passage?A. The Goal of JIT.B. Just-in-Time Techniques.C. The Implications of JIT.D. The Advantages of JIT.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.四、PART FOUR(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Inventory in LogisticsInventory typically represents the second largest component of logistics cost to transpor
34、tation. The risks associated with (21) inventory increase as products move down the supply chain closer to the customer because the potential of having the product in the wrong place or form increases and costs have been (22) to distribute the product. In addition to the risk of lost sales due to (2
35、3) because adequate inventory is not available, other risks include obsolescence, pilferage, and damage. Further, the cost of carrying inventory is significantly influenced by the cost of the capital (24) up in the inventory. Geographic specialization, decoupling, supply/demand balancing, and buffer
36、ing uncertainty provide the basic rationale for maintaining inventory. While there is (25) interest in reducing overall supply chain inventory, inventory does add value and can result in lower overall supply chain costs with appropriate trade-offs.From a supply chain logistics perspective, the major
37、 (26) inventory elements are replenishment cycle stock, safety stock, and in-transit stock. The appropriate replenishment cycle stock can be determined using an EOQ formula to reflect the trade-off between storage and ordering cost. Safety stock depends on the mean and variance of demand and the rep
38、lenishment cycle. In transit stock depends on the transport (27)Inventory management uses a combination of reactive and planning logics. Reactive logic is most appropriate for items with low volume, high demand, and high performance cycle uncertainty because it (28) the risk of inventory speculation
39、. Inventory planning logic is appropriate for high-volume items with relatively (29) demand. Inventory planning methods offer the potential for effective inventory management because they take (30) of improved information and economies of scale.（分数：10.00）(1).A. holding B. supporting C. maintaining D
40、. keeping（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. caused B. incurred C. aroused D. leaded（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. stock outs B. stakeouts C. deficiency D. shortage（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. appended B. added C. bound D. tied（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).A. essential B. significant C. substantial D. real（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(6).A. av
41、ailable B. controllable C. convertible D. viable（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(7).A. category B. vehicle C. tool D. mode（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(8).A. postpones B. removes C. overcomes D. ignores（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(9).A. invariable B. stable C. static D. fixed（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(10).A. account B. charge C. advantage D. car
42、e（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.五、PART FIVE(总题数：1，分数：10.00)What is Logistics?Logistics is the management of the flow of goods (31) the point of origin and the point of destination in order to meet the (32) of customers or corporations. Logistics involves the integration of information, transportation, inventory,
43、warehousing, material handling, and packaging, and often security.Logistics as a business concept evolved in the 1950s (33) to the increasing complexity of supplying businesses with materials and shipping out products in an increasingly globalized supply chain, leading to a call for experts called s
44、upply chain logisticians. Business logistics can be defined as “having the right item in the right quantity at the right (34) at the right place for the right price in the right condition to the right customer“, and is the science of process and incorporates all industry sectors. The goal of logisti
45、cs work is to manage the fruition of project life cycles, supply chains and resultant efficiencies.In business, logistics may have (35) internal focus, or external focus covering the flow and storage of materials (36) point of origin to point of consumption. The (37) functions of a qualified logisti
46、cian include inventory management, purchasing, transportation, ware housing, consultation and the organizing and planning of these activities. Logisticians combine a professional knowledge of each of these functions (38) coordinate resources in an organization. There are two fundamentally different
47、forms of logistics: one optimizes a steady flow of material through a network of transport links and storage nodes; the (39) coordinates a sequence of resources to (40) out some project.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_六、PART SIX(总题数：1，分数：12.00)Logistic
48、s Value Generation（分数：12.00）(1).The key to achieving logistical leadership is to master the art of matching with operating competency and commitment to key customer expectations and requirements. This customer（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).commitment, while in an exacting cost framework, is the logistics value proposition. It is a unique（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).commitment of a firm to either an individual or selected customer groups. The typical enterprise（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).seeks to develop and implement an overall logistical competency that satisfies customer expectations at a
