1、完形填空分类练习二及答案解析(总分：80.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：20.00)The census of 1851 recorded half of the population of Britain as living in townsthe first society in human history to do so. Over the (1) 70 years, the population of Britain had risen at an unprecedented (2) , passing the levels reached i
2、n earlier period of (3) when the population had been decimated by epidemics such as the Black Death.But was there any reason for (4) ? The towns offered a better chance of work and (5) wages than the countryside, (6) many families were trapped in dire poverty and seasonal employment. On the other ha
3、nd, the countryside was (7) . A baby born in a large town with a population of more than 100,000 in the 1820s might (8) to live to 35; in the 1830s, life expectancy was down to a (9) 29. A comparison between a desperately unhealthy large town and a small market town (10) the costs of migrating in se
4、arch of work and prosperity. In 1851, a boy born in inner Liverpool had a life expectancy of only 26 years, (11) a boy born in the small market town of Okehampton, (12) could expect to live to 57.Large towns were, (13) , desperately unhealthy, with death from sickness (14) a level not seen since the
5、 Black Death. New epidemics were (15) the cities: cholera and typhoid were (16) by polluted water; typhus was spread by lice; and “summer diarrhea“ was caused by (17) of flies feeding on horse manure and human (18) The problem was easy to (19) and difficult to solve: too little was invested in the u
6、rban environment, (20) sewers, street paving and cleansing, and in pure water and decent housing.（分数：20.00）A.earlyB.formerC.previousD.precedentedA.paceB.rateC.velocityD.strideA.growthB.advanceC.riseD.improvementA.optimismB.pessimismC.indifferenceD.enthusiasmA.higherB.moreC.lowerD.lessA.whichB.thereC
7、.whereD./A.betterB.healthierC.cleanerD.quieterA.supposeB.assumeC.postulateD.expectA.tolerableB.miserableC.understandableD.accessibleA.demonstratesB.exhibitsC.presentsD.showsA.compared toB.in comparison withC.compared withD.compare withA.whoB.whereC.whichD.thatA.howeverB.thereforeC.neverthelessD.notw
8、ithstandingA.atB.inC.toD.withA.strokingB.stalkingC.stakingD.stainingA.motivatedB.carriedC.promotedD.generatedA.schoolsB.teamsC.swarmsD.herdsA.wasteB.dustC.rubbishD.disposalA.distinguishB.findC.identifyD.manipulateA.onB.atC.inD.to二、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Comparisons were drawn between the developme
9、nt of television in the 20th century and the diffusion of printing in the 15th and 16th centuries. Yet much had happened (1) As was discussed before, it was not (2) the 19th century that the newspaper became the dominant pre-electronic (3) , following in the wake of the pamphlet and the book and in
10、the (4) of the periodical. It was during the same time that the communications revolution (5) up, beginning with transport, the railways and leading (6) through the telegraph, the telephone, radio, and motion pictures (7) the 20th century world of the motor car and the airplane. Not everyone sees th
11、at process in (8) . It is important to do so.It is generally recognized, (9) , that the introduction of the computer in the early 20th century, (10) by the invention of the integrated circuit during the 1960s, radically changed the process, (11) its impact on the media was not immediately (12) . As
12、time went by, computers became smaller and more powerful, and they became personal too, as well as (13) , with display becoming sharper and storage (14) increasing. They were thought of, like people, (15) generations, with the distance between generations much (16) It was within the computer age tha
13、t the term “information society“ began to be widely used to describe the (17) within which we now live. The communications revolution has (18) both work and leisure and how we think and feel both about place and time, but there have been (19) views about its economic, political, social and cultural
14、implications. Benefits have been (20) “harmful“ outcomes. And generalizations have proved difficult.（分数：20.00）A.betweenB.beforeC.sinceD.laterA.afterB.byC.duringD.untilA.meansB.methodC.mediumD.measureA.processB.companyC.lightD.formA.gatheredB.speededC.workedD.pickedA.onB.outC.overD.offA.ofB.forC.beyo
15、ndD.intoA.conceptB.dimensionC.effectD.perspectiveA.indeedB.henceC.howeverD.thereforeA.broughtB.followedC.stimulatedD.characterizedA.unlessB.sinceC.lestD.althoughA.apparentB.desirableC.negativeD.plausibleA.institutionalB.universalC.fundamentalD.instrumentalA.abilityB.capabilityC.capacityD.facultyA.by
16、 means ofB.in terms ofC.with regard toD.in line withA.deeperB.fewerC.nearerD.smallerA.contextB.rangeC.scopeD.territoryA.regardedB.impressedC.influencedD.effectedA.competitiveB.controversialC.distractingD.irrationalA.weighed aboveB.weighed uponC.weighed againstD.weighed with三、Passage 3(总题数：1，分数：20.00
17、)Since 1895 the National Trust has (1) the preservation of places of historic interest and natural beauty in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. Today the Trust (2) is not a government department but a charity depending on the (3) support of the public and its own members-is the largest landowner a
18、nd conservation society in Britain. (4) you go, you are close to land that is protected and (5) by the National Trust.Over 350 miles of (6) land, lakes and forests in one area of natural beauty (7) ; prehistoric and Roman ruins; moorlands and farmland, woods and islands; lengths of (8) waterways; ev
19、en seventeen whole villagesall are (9) the public at all times subject only (10) the needs of farming, forestry and the protection of wildlife. But the Trusts protection (11) further than this. It has in its possession a hundred gardens and (12) two hundred historic buildings which it opens to payin
20、g visitors. Castles and churches, houses of (13) or historic importance, mills, gardens and parks (14) to the Trust by their former owners. Many houses retain their (15) contents of fine furniture, pictures, and other treasures accumulated over (16) , and often the donor himself (17) to live in part
21、 of the house as a (18) of the National Trust. The walking-sticks in the hall, the flowers, silver- framed photographs, books and papers in the rooms are (19) that the house is still loved and (20) and that visitors are welcomed as private individuals just as much as tourists.（分数：20.00）A.worked onB.
22、worked atC.worked forD.worked outA.itB.whichC.thisD.whether itA.deliberateB.compulsoryC.spontaneousD.voluntaryA.WhereverB.WheneverC.HoweverD.WhoeverA.maintainedB.watchedC.renewedD.unusedA.unusedB.undevelopedC.unwantedD.unspoiltA.besidesB.nearbyC.aloneD.beyondA.interiorB.inlandC.insideD.innerA.open w
23、ithB.open upC.open toD.open outA.byB.atC.toD.onA.developsB.extendsC.enlargesD.prolongsA.someB.nearbyC.on averageD.moreA.architecturalB.archetypeC.architectureD.archaeologyA.are givingB.have givenC.been givenD.have been givenA.primitiveB.initialC.elementaryD.originalA.timesB.generationsC.yearsD.age g
24、roupsA.continuedB.continuesC.continueD.is continuingA.residentB.dwellerC.tenantD.housekeeperA.signsB.signalC.markD.symbolA.lived inB.kept overC.resided withD.taken up四、Passage 4(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Most worthwhile careers require some kind of specialized training. Ideally, therefore, the choice of an (1)
25、 should be made even before the choice of a curriculum in high school. Actually, (2) , most people make several job choices during their working lives, (3) because of economic and industrial changes and partly to improve (4) position. The “one perfect job“ does not exist. Young people should (5) ent
26、er into a broad flexible training program that will (6) them for a field of work rather than for a single (7) .Unfortunately many young people have to make career plans (8) benefit of help from a competent vocational counselor or psychologist. Knowing (9) about the occupational world, or themselves
27、for that matter, then choose their lifework on a hit-or- miss (10) . Some drift from job to job. Others (11) to work in which they are unhappy and for which they are not fitted.One common mistake is choosing an occupation for (12) real or imagined prestige. Too many high-school studentsor their pare
28、nts for themchoose the professional field, (13) both the relatively small proportion of workers in the professions and the extremely high educational and personal (14) . The imagined or real prestige of a profession or a “white-collar“ job is (15) good reason for choosing it as lifes work. (16) , th
29、ese occupations are not always well paid. Since a large proportion of jobs are in mechanical and manual work, the (17) of young people should give serious (18) to these fields.Before making an occupational choice, a person should have a general idea of what he wants (19) life and how hard he is will
30、ing to work to get it. Some people desire social prestige, others intellectual satisfaction. Some want security; others are willing to take (20) for financial gain. Each occupational choice has its demands as well as its rewards.（分数：20.00）A.identificationB.entertainmentC.accommodationD.occupationA.h
31、oweverB.thereforeC.thoughD.therebyA.entirelyB.mainlyC.partlyD.largelyA.itsB.hisC.ourD.theirA.sinceB.thereforeC.furthermoreD.foreverA.makeB.fitC.takeD.leaveA.jobB.wayC.meansD.companyA.toB.forC.withoutD.withA.littleB.fewC.muchD.a lotA.chanceB.basisC.purposeD.opportunityA.applyB.appealC.stickD.turnA.ou
32、rB.itsC.yourD.theirA.concerningB.followingC.consideringD.disregardingA.preferenceB.requirementsC.tendenciesD.ambitionsA.aB.anyC.noD.theA.ThereforeB.BesidesC.NeverthelessD.MoreoverA.majorityB.manyC.minorityD.muchA.proposalB.suggestionC.considerationD.appraisalA.towardsB.againstC.out ofD.withoutA.turn
33、sB.partsC.choicesD.risks完形填空分类练习二答案解析(总分：80.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：20.00)The census of 1851 recorded half of the population of Britain as living in townsthe first society in human history to do so. Over the (1) 70 years, the population of Britain had risen at an unprecedented (2) , passi
34、ng the levels reached in earlier period of (3) when the population had been decimated by epidemics such as the Black Death.But was there any reason for (4) ? The towns offered a better chance of work and (5) wages than the countryside, (6) many families were trapped in dire poverty and seasonal empl
35、oyment. On the other hand, the countryside was (7) . A baby born in a large town with a population of more than 100,000 in the 1820s might (8) to live to 35; in the 1830s, life expectancy was down to a (9) 29. A comparison between a desperately unhealthy large town and a small market town (10) the c
36、osts of migrating in search of work and prosperity. In 1851, a boy born in inner Liverpool had a life expectancy of only 26 years, (11) a boy born in the small market town of Okehampton, (12) could expect to live to 57.Large towns were, (13) , desperately unhealthy, with death from sickness (14) a l
37、evel not seen since the Black Death. New epidemics were (15) the cities: cholera and typhoid were (16) by polluted water; typhus was spread by lice; and “summer diarrhea“ was caused by (17) of flies feeding on horse manure and human (18) The problem was easy to (19) and difficult to solve: too littl
38、e was invested in the urban environment, (20) sewers, street paving and cleansing, and in pure water and decent housing.（分数：20.00）A.earlyB.formerC.previous D.precedented解析：考点 考查形容词词义辨析。early 意为“早的”；fonner 意为“曾经的”；previous 指时间上“稍前的”；precedented 意为“有先例的”。原句在说稍前的 70 年英国的人口状况如何，因此 C 项(previous)最合适。A.pac
39、eB.rate C.velocityD.stride解析：考点 考查名词词义辨析。pace 意为“(走、跑或发展的)速度”；rate 意为“速度；比率”，常与介词 at 搭配，表示“以的比率”；velocity 专指物理学上的“速度，速率”；stride 意为“步幅”；如：I crossed the streel：in ten strides我用十大步走到街那边。文中这里指的是英国人口增长的速度，所以选 B 项(rate)。A.growth B.advanceC.riseD.improvement解析：考点 考查逻辑衔接。分析句子结构可知，这里应该填的是名词；growth 意为“增长”；adv
40、ance，作名词时意为“进展”；rase，作名词时意为“上涨，升高”；improvement 意为“提高，进步”。根据上下文，这里指的是早期人口增长阶段，所以 A 项(growth)最为合适。A.optimism B.pessimismC.indifferenceD.enthusiasm解析：考点 考查逻辑衔接和名词词义辨析。optimism 意为“乐观”；pessimism 意为“悲观”；indifference 意为“漠不关心”；enthusiasm 意为“热情”。文章第一段说的是英国城镇人口的比例高，而且总人口增长快；第二段开头肯定了城镇里的工作和经济条件较好，再用 on the oth
41、er hand 转入对城市人均寿命低的描述。由逻辑衔接可以判断，作者对城市人口增长这种现象并不是持肯定态度的，故句意应为“然而我们就有理由乐观了么?”，所以本题选 A。A.higher B.moreC.lowerD.less解析：考点 考查逻辑衔接。文章的第二段对城镇和乡村的生活进行了对比。显然，城镇的工作机会多，而且工资更高。形容工资(wage)高用的应该是 high，而不是 many，所以 A 项(higher)正确。A.whichB.thereC.where D./解析：考点 考查语法结构。这里考查的是定语从句的连接词。先行词是 countryside，表示地点。从句中缺少状语的成分，所
42、以选C(where)。A.betterB.healthier C.cleanerD.quieter解析：考点 考查逻辑衔接。根据转折(on the other hand)处可知，接下来要说郊区的好处。如还无法确定则可以继续读下文，下文中讲述的是郊区的人均寿命要更长，可见这里显然是说郊区更“健康”，所以选 B(healthier)。A.supposeB.assumeC.postulateD.expect 解析：考点 考查动词词义辨析。suppose，assume，postulate 均为“设想，假定”之意，只有 expect 意为“期待，预期”。通过分析选项和句子，可知该句意为“在 19 世纪
43、20 年代，出生于一个人口超过 10 万的城镇婴儿，其预期寿命为 35岁”，此外，空格后接的是不定式 to do sth，四个单词中只有 expect 符合，故本题选 D。A.tolerableB.miserable C.understandableD.accessible解析：考点 考查形容词词义辨析。tolerable 意为“可以忍受的，还不错的”；miserable 意为“悲惨的，可怜的”；understandable 意为“可以理解的”；accessible 意为“可以接近的”。该句意为“到了 19 世纪 30 年代，人均寿命降低至29 岁”，这当然是很“悲惨的”，故选 B。A.dem
44、onstratesB.exhibitsC.presentsD.shows 解析：考点 考查动词词义辨析。demonstrate 意为“例证，论证”，如：to demonstrate the validity of the approach，“验证这个方法的有效性”，主语一般是人；exhibit 意为“展览，显示(出)”，主语是人或一次展览等；present意为“呈现，出示”，主语一般是人；show 的用途最广泛，意为“显示，表明”。所以选择 D。A.compared toB.in comparison withC.compared with D.compare with解析：考点 考查语法结构
45、。这里是分词短语作状语。该空的前面所说的是一个男孩的预期寿命，后面所说的是另外一个男孩的预期寿命，可见中间是对比的关系，compare 和主句主语 ahoy 的关系可以是主动的也可以是被动的，所以用过去分词 compared with 和现在分词 comparing with 皆可，意为“与相比较”，选项中只有前者，故选 C。compared to 意为“将比作”，in compaison with 往往后置，表示“与相比”，而不是插入在两个比较物中间。A.who B.whereC.whichD.that解析：考点 考查语法结构。这里考查定语从句。从句的先行词是 a boy，词性为名词，并且从
46、句中缺少的成分是主语，所以用 who。A.howeverB.therefore C.neverthelessD.notwithstanding解析：考点 考查逻辑衔接。第二段中作者用儿童的预期寿命证明了乡村的生活更加健康，这就说明大城镇是相对不健康的，此应为第三段首句的句意，其作用是一种总结式的过渡，所以此处应填 therefore，意为“因此，所以”。however 和 nevertheless 均表转折，notwithstanding 表让步，均不合上下文逻辑。A.at B.inC.toD.with解析：考点 考查固定搭配。at 是与 level 搭配的惯用介词，也可以说 a/the le
47、vel(of)意为“在的水平上”。A.strokingB.stalking C.stakingD.staining解析：考点 考查动词词义辨析。stroke 作动词时意为“击打；抚摸”；stalk 可作为及物或不及物动词，意为“(疾病等)在蔓延；猖獗”，如：Famine stalked through the country“那个国家饥荒蔓延。”stake 作动词意为“下注，冒险”，常用结构是 stake sthon sth“将的赌注下在的身上”；stain 意为“弄脏，玷污”。该句意为“新的传染病正在_城市”，显然是指传染病在城市蔓延的意思，所以选 B。A.motivatedB.carrie
48、d C.promotedD.generated解析：考点 考查动词词义辨析。冒号后面的句子呈排比的句式，后两个分句中被动形式的动词分别为 spread 和 caused，可知本题所选的应该是一个近义词。motivate 意为“激发”，carry 意为“携带”，promote意为“提升”，generate意为“产生”。原句描述的是“受污染的水”和“霍乱(cholera)和伤寒(typhoid)”之间的关系，水源本身不会引起这些疾病，是因为携带了导致这些疾病的病菌，所以选 B(carry)最为合适。A.schoolsB.teamsC.swarms D.herds解析：考点 考查名词词义辨析、根据
49、flies(苍蝇)和选项，可以判断此处应该填一个表示“一群”的量词，school 意为“鱼群”，team意为“一队(人)”，swarm 多指“(蜂、蝗虫等)昆虫群”，herd 意为“(牛、羊等)牧群”。所以“成群的苍蝇”用 swarms off lies 正确，选择 C。A.waste B.dustC.rubbishD.disposal解析：考点 考查名词词义辨析waste 意为“废物”，dust 意为“尘土”，rubbish 意为“垃圾”，disposal 意为“处理”。这里说的是苍蝇靠吃马粪和人类粪便为生，而 lubes 很少说成 human rubbish，故选 A。A.distinguishB.findC.identify D.manipulate解析：考点 考查动词词义辨析。distinguish 意为“区分，辨别”，find 意为“发现，找到”，identify 意为“指出，识别”，manipulate 意为“操作，控制”。该句意为“问题要_很容易，要解决很难”，根据反义词复现的线索，后面有 solve(解决问题)，那么空格处应该填“识别(问题)”，即 identify。A
