1、硕士研究生英语学位试题一及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：100 分钟)一、VOCABULARY(总题数：20，分数：20.00)1.In spite of the efforts of those industrious farmers, the local economy is far from developed due to isolation. （分数：1.00）A.capableB.ingeniousC.innovativeD.hard-working2.Because of the struggle put up by the Womens Lib, many women
2、 have found good careers. （分数：1.00）A.initiatedB.proposedC.supportedD.terminated3.The performance of these new employees will highlight the role of positive thinking. （分数：1.00）A.confirmB.emphasizeC.enhanceD.enlighten4.Our family stood in silence for a minute looking at the amazingly beautiful photogr
3、aph of a human flag. （分数：1.00）A.surprisinglyB.indescribablyC.permanentlyD.uniquely5.The decision to strengthen intelligence collection is expected to minimize military casualties. （分数：1.00）A.inforB.intellectC.brainD.wisdom6.To me, St. Francis embodied the ideal blend of spirituality and public servi
4、ce. （分数：1.00）A.compositionB.mixtureC.elaborationD.speculation7.In the wake of such findings, several states are rethinking their plan to open these camps. （分数：1.00）A.Based onB.PrecedingC.FollowingD.Targeted at8.The staggering sum of money invested in this project failed to yield the desired result.
5、（分数：1.00）A.fluctuatingB.increasingC.diminishingD.overwhelming9.It made me ask questions about life, death and mortality that ultimately helped me get through the disaster. （分数：1.00）A.decisivelyB.eventuallyC.somewhatD.somehow10.At that moment the first idea that came to her mind was that a disaster w
6、as around the corner . （分数：1.00）A.coming to an endB.still in the airC.soon to happenD.out of the question11.Do your children worry that they might feel pressure to _your heros image? （分数：1.00）A.come up withB.live up toC.catch up onD.add up to12.In the worst times of life, you have to take full advan
7、tage of the beautiful things that _. （分数：1.00）A.come alongB.come byC.come acrossD.come to13.Being critical and dictatorial, the boss would _ discussions and ignore comments not in agreement with his. （分数：1.00）A.facilitateB.illC.illuminateD.dominate14.Anderson held out his arms to _ the attack, but t
8、he shark grabbed his right forearm and dived. （分数：1.00）A.turn offB.ward offC.trigger offD.call off15.Her excellent _ of English helped her communicate freely with foreign partners.（分数：1.00）A.standardB.criterionC.evaluationD.command16.Because colleges cant take all students with basic qualifications,
9、 _ to college is competitive. （分数：1.00）A.admirationB.approachC.admissionD.assignment17.Helicopters rushed to where Shenzhou 5 _ for the rescue of Chinas first astronaut. （分数：1.00）A.touched downB.turned downC.settled downD.shot down18.The Chinese have achieved a great deal, but difficulties and hards
10、hips will long _. （分数：1.00）A.tolerateB.bearC.endureD.withhold19.The belief that its healthy to let oft steam no longer _, for we are working under heavy pressure. （分数：1.00）A.holdsB.carriesC.takesD.stands20.Handbags made of _ leather are considered old-fashioned and poor in quality. （分数：1.00）A.system
11、aticB.syntheticC.sympatheticD.statistic二、CLOZE(总题数：1，分数：10.00)People go to evening classes as they want new challenges. Some people choose courses 41 to learn new work-related skills to move their career in a new direction. “Evening classes are a great way of 42 your skills or gaining new ones,“ say
12、s Jessica Rolphe, training and development adviser at the UKs Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development. In some 43 , what starts as a hobby turns into a career. This is what happened to Ginny Jory, who did an evening course in photography while working for a newspaper about one year ago. Dur
13、ing the course, not only was Jory learning all about photography, she also met other 44 photographers and realized it was a great networking 45 . “I discovered that a colleague from work was doing the same course and we became great friends. We 46 doing a millennium exhibition together.” Finally, Jo
14、ry left her job and is now a full-time photographer of fashion and 47. However, anyone thinking of doing a course with a specific outcome in mind needs to be sure that it will 48 what they want before enrolling. “Do your research 49 advance,“ advises Rolphe. “Make sure you are doing a course that re
15、ally is 50 and that the institute you are doing it at is highly respected.“（分数：10.00）A.separatelyB.spirituallyC.specificallyD.sociallyA.updatingB.uprisingC.uprootingD.upholdingA.termsB.occasionsC.consequencesD.casesA.perspiringB.aspiringC.expiringD.conspiringA.specialtyB.phaseC.opportunityD.periodA.
16、gave inB.ended upC.ceased toD.resulted fromA.qualificationsB.charactersC.portraitsD.personalitiesA.deliverB.delightC.determineD.detectA.upB.forC.intoD.inA.redundantB.reservedC.resolvedD.relevant三、READING COMPREHENSIO(总题数：5，分数：30.00)Passage One The worst thing about television and radio is that they
17、entertain us, saving us the trouble of entertaining ourselves. A hundred years ago, before all these devices were invented, if a person wanted to entertain himself with a song or a piece of music, he would have to do the singing himself or pick up a violin and play it.Now, all he has to do is turn o
18、n the radio or TV. As a result, singing and music have declined. Italians used to sing all the time. Now, they only do it in Hollywood movies. Indian movies are mostly a series of songs and dances wrapped around silly stories. As a result, they dont do much singing in Indian villages anymore. Indeed
19、, ever since radio first came to life, there has been a terrible decline in amateur singing throughout the world. There are two reasons for this sad decline: One, human beings are astonishingly lazy. Put a lift in a building, and people would rather take it than climb even two flights of steps. Simi
20、larly, invent a machine that sings, and people would rather let the machine sing than sing themselves. The other reason is people are easily embarrassed. When there is a famous, talented musician readily available by pushing a button, which amateur violinist or pianist would want to try to entertain
21、 family or friends by himself ? These earnest reflections came to me recently when two CDs arrived in the mail: They are historic recordings of famous writers reading their own works. It was thrilling to hear the voices from a long dead past in the late 19th century. But today, reading out loud anyt
22、hing is no longer common. Today, we sing songs to our children until they are about two, we read simple books to them till they are about five, and once they have learnt to read themselves, we become deaf. Were alive only to the sound of the TV and the stereo. I count myself extremely lucky to have
23、been born before TV became so common. 1 was about six before TV appeared. To keep us entertained, my mother had to do a good deal of singing and tell us endless tales. It was the same in many other homes. People spoke a language; they sang it, they recited it; it was something they could feel. Profe
24、ssional actors performance is extraordinarily revealing. But I still prefer my own reading. Because its mine. For the same reason, people find karaoke liberating. It is almost the only electronic thing that gives them back their own voice. Even if their voices are hoarse and hopelessly out of tune.
25、At least it is meaningful self-entertainment.（分数：6.00）(1).The main idea of this passage is that _. （分数：1.00）A.TV and radio can amuse us with beautiful songs and musicB.TV and radio have weakened our interest in entertaining ourselvesC.people should not be too lazy or embarrassed to singD.parents sho
26、uld sing songs and read books aloud to their children(2).According to the passage, Italians _. （分数：1.00）A.only sing songs in HollywoodB.are no longer fond of musicC.only sing and dance in villagesD.dont sing much nowadays(3).Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a reason for the decline in amat
27、eur singing? （分数：1.00）A.It is easier for people to please themselves with songs through TV.B.People dont want to take the trouble to sing songs themselves.C.Amateurs feel shy if they cannot sing as well as the professionals.D.Famous and talented musicians are always willing to entertain people(4).On
28、 hearing the voices of the famous writers of a long time past, the author was _. （分数：1.00）A.very excitedB.very frightenedC.very nervousD.very surprised(5).By stating “We are alive only to the sound of the TV and the stereo“, the author means _. （分数：1.00）A.we come back to life at the music provided b
29、y the TV and the stereoB.we only perceive the music provided by the TV and the stereoC.we should sing more than listen to the TV and the stereoD.we should listen to more music on the TV and the stereo(6).The authors attitude toward karaoke is _. （分数：1.00）A.negativeB.positiveC.neutralD.indifferentPas
30、sage Two If those “mad moments”- when you cant recall what your friend has told you or where you left your keys-are becoming more frequent, mental exercises and a healthy brain diet may help. Just as bodies require more maintenance with the passing years, so do brains, which scientists now know show
31、 signs of aging as early as the 20s and 30s. “Brain aging starts at a very young age, younger than any of us have imagined and these processes continue gradually over the years,“ said Dr. Gary Small, the director of the Center on Aging at the University of California, Los Angeles. “Im convinced that
32、 it is never too early to get started on a mental or brain-fitness program,“ he added. In his book, “The Memory Bible,“ the 51-year-old neuroscientist lists what he refers to as the 10 commandments for keeping the brain young. They include training memory, building skills, minimizing stress, mental
33、exercises, brain food and a healthy lifestyle. Its a game plan for keeping brain Cells sparking and neural networks in tip-top shape. “Misplacing your keys a couple of times doesnt mean you should start labeling your cabinets. Memory loss is not an inevitable consequence of aging. Our brains can fig
34、ht back,“ he said. Small provides the weapons for a full-scale attack. According to him, simple memory tests give an indication of what you are up against and tools such as look, snap and connect are designed to make sure that important things such as names and dates are never forgotten. “So if you
35、want to learn names and faces, for example, you meet Mrs. Beatty and you notice a distinguishing facial feature, maybe a prominent eyebrow,” said Small. “You associate the first thing that comes to mind. I think of the actor Warren Beatty so I create a mental snapshot of Warren Beatty kissing her br
36、ow.” Small admits it may sound a bit strange but he says it works. “Mental exercises could be anything from doing crossword puzzles and writing with your left hand if you are right handed or learning a language. It could be anything that is fun that people enjoy doing“, he added. He also recommends
37、physical exercise, a low-fat diet and eating foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids, such as fish, walnuts and Brazil nuts, and fruits and vegetables high in antioxidants (抗氧化剂) including blueberries and onions in addition to reducing stress.（分数：6.00）(1).The “mad moments” in the first paragraph refers to
38、 when we _. （分数：1.00）A.have some mental problemsB.have lost our important thingsC.dont listen to what our friends tell us to doD.fail to remember what should be remembered(2).In this passage, the author mainly tells us that _. （分数：1.00）A.everyone can be forgetful sometimes regardless of ones ageB.we
39、 can prevent our sound mind from aging with certain methodsC.brain aging starts from the time when we are in our 20s and 30sD.memory loss is a sign that shows we are getting old(3).According to this passage, _. （分数：1.00）A.the game plan for keeping brain cells sparking doesnt work for everyoneB.Dr. S
40、malls memory tests can show you what to do about brain agingC.Dr. Smalls advice can help us fight brain aging effectivelyD.our brains can reconstruct memories themselves(4).In the fifth paragraph, the author mainly_. （分数：1.00）A.provides us with the weapons for attacking othersB.introduces the tools
41、that help us fight against memory lossC.tells us about the important things we should never forgetD.explains the facial features useful for us to remember people(5).By saying “I think of the actor Warren Beatty so I create her brow“, Dr. Small is trying to explain how to use the memory tool of _. （分
42、数：1.00）A.impressing rapidlyB.minimizing stressC.connecting related thingsD.observing carefully(6).According to Dr. Small, _. （分数：1.00）A.left-handers may start brain aging later than right-handers doB.learning a foreign language does not help to keep our brain from getting oldC.doing crossword puzzle
43、s is the best way to keep us from memory lossD.mental exercises plus healthy diet alone cannot keep us from brain agingPassage Three Through the years, our view of what leadership is and who can exercise it has changed considerably.Leadership competencies have remained constant, but our understandin
44、g of what it is, how it works, and the ways in which people learn to apply it has shifted. We do have the beginnings of a general theory of leadership, from history and social research and above all from the thoughts of reflective practitioners such as Moses, Julius Caesar, and James Madison, and in
45、 our own time from such disparate sources of wisdom as Gandhi, Winston Churchill, Mao Tse-tung, and Henry Kissinger, who have very little in common except that they have not only been there but tried with some fairness to speculate on paper about it. But tales and reflective observation are not enou
46、gh except to convince us that leaders are physically strong and abnormally hard workers. Today we are a little closer to understanding how and who people lead, but it wasnt easy getting there. Decades of academic analysis have given us more than 350 definitions of leadership. Literally thousands of
47、empirical investigations of leaders have been conducted in the last seventy-five years alone, but no clear understanding exists as to what distinguishes leaders from non-leaders, and perhaps more important, what distinguishes effective leaders from ineffective leaders and effective organizations fro
48、m ineffective organizations. Never have so many labored so long to say so little. Multiple interpretations of leadership exist, each providing a fragment of insight but each remaining an incomplete and wholly inadequate explanation. Most of these definitions dont agree with each other, and many of t
49、hem would seem quite remote to the leaders whose skills are being examined. Definitions reflect fashions, political tides and academic trends.They dont always reflect reality and sometimes they just represent nonsense. Its as if what Braque once said about art is also true of leadership: “The only thing that matters in art is the part that cannot be explained.” Many theories of leadership have come and gone. Som
