1、托福真题 2012 年 3 月 10 日及答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Question 1(总题数：1，分数：20.00)1.Your friend wants to improve his score in class, do you have any suggestions? Please include specific details in your explanation（分数：20.00）_二、Question 2(总题数：1，分数：20.00)2.Some people believe students should play games for en
2、joyment, others believe they should compete in sports in order to win. Which position do you take?（分数：20.00）_三、Question 3(总题数：1，分数：20.00)3.Improvement of the College DirectoryThe Registrars Office today announced plans to upgrade the student directory, which presently includes contact information of
3、 all students. Assistant Registrar Rachel Carson said the directory will now include color photographs of all students. This should let students know if they have the person they are trying to contact. An even greater improvement is for the university to upload the entire directory onto its online w
4、ebsite. “With this move, the University of Texas has taken a big step forward into the cyber world, allowing students of different universities to contact with each other,“ said Carson.Question: The man expresses his opinion about the college directory improvement. State his opinion and explain the
5、reasons he gives for holding that opinion.Now hear a conversation between two students.（分数：20.00）_四、Question 4(总题数：1，分数：20.00)4.Peer ReinforcementPeer reinforcement is a method of behavior modification. If an individual makes a blameworthy mistake or displays other inappropriate behavior, it is usua
6、lly ineffective simply to tell him that he is wrong. It is far more useful to find someone of his same statusa “peer“who does not display the unacceptable behavior. This “model“ will get the miscreants attention and, it is hoped, lead to improvement in the latters behavior.Question: Explain how the
7、professors example of teachers using strategy to change the misbehavior of a student demonstrates the concept of peer reinforcement in the reading passage.Now hear a talk on the same subject.（分数：20.00）_五、Question 5(总题数：1，分数：20.00)5.Question: The speaking discusses two possible solutions to the mans
8、problem. Describe the problem and the two solutions. Then state which of the two solutions you prefer and explain why.（分数：20.00）_六、Question 6(总题数：1，分数：20.00)6.Question: Using points and examples from the talk, explain the two kinds of barriers creatures such as ants use to defend their food.（分数：20.0
9、0）_托福真题 2012 年 3 月 10 日答案解析(总分：120.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Question 1(总题数：1，分数：20.00)1.Your friend wants to improve his score in class, do you have any suggestions? Please include specific details in your explanation（分数：20.00）_正确答案：(Topic: I would give my friend two suggestions to improve his score.Reason 1
10、: First, my friend needs to find out exactly why his score is low. He should look over his past exams and find his mistakes. Then, he should consult the teacher about his weaknesses.Reason 2: Then, once my friend knows his weaknesses, he should spend more time in studying those areas and improve his
11、 failings. After this he should look to other difficult areas and improve them as well.)解析：Alternative Wording(替换表达)Synonyms (a)find outdiscover, determine (b)exactlyprecisely(c)weaknessesshortcomingsParaphrases 1. He should review past exams and ferret out his underlying errors.2. He should also se
12、arch out other areas of difficulty with an eye to improvement.二、Question 2(总题数：1，分数：20.00)2.Some people believe students should play games for enjoyment, others believe they should compete in sports in order to win. Which position do you take?（分数：20.00）_正确答案：(Topic: I believe we should play games in
13、 an attempt to win.Reason 1: To begin with, the adult world is often very competitive: for promotion at work, for the best seat on the subway, for the best house, for the best car, and so on. When students play sports with peers, they should play competitively, because this prepares them for the rea
14、l world later on.Reason 2: Further, just as life is competitive, in every sports there must be a winner and a loser. Students should play hard for the victory, but also be resolute in defeat and determine to win next time.)解析：Alternative Wording(替换表达)Synonyms (a)competitivedog-eat-dog (b)promotionad
15、vancement(c)winner/loservictor/vanquished(e)play hardtry to do ones best, striveParaphrases 1. If you play at all, play to win.2. In sports, as in life, there are winners and losers.三、Question 3(总题数：1，分数：20.00)3.Improvement of the College DirectoryThe Registrars Office today announced plans to upgra
16、de the student directory, which presently includes contact information of all students. Assistant Registrar Rachel Carson said the directory will now include color photographs of all students. This should let students know if they have the person they are trying to contact. An even greater improveme
17、nt is for the university to upload the entire directory onto its online website. “With this move, the University of Texas has taken a big step forward into the cyber world, allowing students of different universities to contact with each other,“ said Carson.Question: The man expresses his opinion ab
18、out the college directory improvement. State his opinion and explain the reasons he gives for holding that opinion.Now hear a conversation between two students.（分数：20.00）_正确答案：(The university will upgrade its student directory with color photographs as well as making it available online.The male stu
19、dent is enthusiastic about the improvement for two main reasons.First, since more than one person may have the same name, the addition of photographs will help students identify each other, so they wont be confused.Second, the paper directory is large and heavy. So it is not easy for students to car
20、ry and not handy to use. With the online directory, students can easily check out the information they need in a short time.)解析：听力原文W: Hey, Jason. It looks like youve got good news.M: Yes, Im happy about the new student directory.W: I didnt hear of it. What is new about it?M: Well, now the directory
21、 will have everyones picture!pW: Really? Why would they do that?M: You know, two students might have the same name. I used to get confused when I looked for my friends in the directory. Last semester I was trying to find a girl named Linda Vega. There were three Linda Vegas in the directory. It was
22、really hard to find the one I wanted! However, with the photos, I would be sure Ive got the right person. It can save everyone a lot of trouble.W: Oh, great!M: Anyway, the university is also going to put the directory on the internet.W: Why on the internet? Too many strange people can find me alread
23、y!M: Some students cannot find the hard copy of the directory or they dont want to always carry that heavy directory book with them. This way, it is easier and faster for students to find the information if the electronic version of the directory is available online.Alternative Wording(替换表达)Synonyms
24、 (a)upgradeimprove (b)handyconvenientParaphrases 1. The addition of photographs will help prevent confusion./Including photos will be a big help because sometimes several people share the same name.2. As such, the young man thinks it will be far easier reaching the people he wants to find.四、Question
25、 4(总题数：1，分数：20.00)4.Peer ReinforcementPeer reinforcement is a method of behavior modification. If an individual makes a blameworthy mistake or displays other inappropriate behavior, it is usually ineffective simply to tell him that he is wrong. It is far more useful to find someone of his same statu
26、sa “peer“who does not display the unacceptable behavior. This “model“ will get the miscreants attention and, it is hoped, lead to improvement in the latters behavior.Question: Explain how the professors example of teachers using strategy to change the misbehavior of a student demonstrates the concep
27、t of peer reinforcement in the reading passage.Now hear a talk on the same subject.（分数：20.00）_正确答案：(The lecture is about a psychological concept called peer reinforcement. The professor presents a case study of a kindergarten student named Sarah to illustrate this concept.According to the lecture, S
28、arah did not play well with others. She also did not pick up her toys after playing or stop playing when the time for play ended. And she never listened to her teachers. So one of her teachers praised another obedient pupil in front of Sarah and even asked them to play together. Soon the girl acted
29、much more like her peer. She picked up her toys and stopped playing on time. So the example of her peer was more effective than the teachers words.)解析：听力原文M: Yes, I know that todays reading of peer reinforcement was slow going. But as we know, psychologists usually take ordinary actions and make the
30、 theory behind them seem strange and mysterious. Seriously, though, an example of peer reinforcement should make everything pretty clear.There was a kindergarten pupil, lets call her Sarah. She did not obey the class rules for play and interfered with other children. She also would not pick up build
31、ing blocks after playing with them and sometimes went on playing after play time had ended. Her teachers, of course, told her to play nicely and to pick up the blocks. But, yep thats right. In one ear and out the other, she did not listen and did not obey.So one of the teachers noticed there was a b
32、oy in class named Paul. Paul always played nicely, picked up his blocks, and stopped playing when told to stop. So the teacher changed the strategy by praising Paul in front of Sarah and even had Paul and Sarah play with each other. Quickly, Sarah started acting more like Paul. She picked up her blo
33、cks, and she stopped playing on time. So, you see, the example of her peer Paul was more effective in correcting Sarahs behavior than anything her teacher could say. Or, at any rate, Pauls example, PLUS what the teacher said were enough to correct Sarahs misbehaving.Alternative Wording(替换表达)Synonyms
34、 (a)praisecommend, extol (b)obedientcompliant(c)effectivefruitfulParaphrases 1. Her teacherscommands were ineffective.2. The girl quickly followed her peers lead.五、Question 5(总题数：1，分数：20.00)5.Question: The speaking discusses two possible solutions to the mans problem. Describe the problem and the tw
35、o solutions. Then state which of the two solutions you prefer and explain why.（分数：20.00）_正确答案：(The students problem is that his professor asked him to give a lecture to the class on the same day an important essay is due. The student worries that he cannot do well on both tasks.His friend suggests t
36、hat he reschedule the lecture. Failing that, he can just try his hardest to do both tasks.I think the man should do both.First, he is the professors teaching assistant and thus needs to fulfill his duties and give a well-prepared lecture.Second, everybody faces challenges sometimes. The man needs to
37、 accept the fact and get it over with, as this is the way people acquire determination and develop responsibility. So there is no reason to panic.)解析：听力原文W: Wow, Scott! What is going on? I saw you here in the library at 8:00 am this morning. Its almost 9:00 pm now. Have you been here the whole day?M
38、: Yeah, Ill be here till closing time. Same thing tomorrow, too.W: So whats the big deal?M: Well, you know Im Professor Davids teaching assistant for the history class this semester.W: Sure, thats all youve talked about. Like what a great opportunity it is.M: It is a great opportunity. Thats part of
39、 the problem. Dr. David told me yesterday he wanted me to give Fridays lecture to the students.W: Thats just two days away! Now is your chance to show everyone how bright you are.M: Thats the trouble! I know too much. Ill never fit it all into a one-hour lecture.W: Scott. Youre not supposed to tell
40、them everything. You pick one important point and talk about it.M: But thats just half the problem.W: Whats the other half?M: Dr. David again. I have his other class, too. So I have an essay due the same day as the lecture.W: Easy. Just tell him about the conflict and say youll do the lecture anothe
41、r time.M: Thats a terrible idea! Itll look like I cant handle responsibility. I have to do the lecture and I dont want to miss the opportunity.W: So then be a man and do both lecture and paper.M: But Im scared Ill do badly on both of them! Oh God! Panic time!W: Calm down, calm down. Just do your bes
42、t!Alternative Wording(替换表达)Synonyms (a)give a lecturedeliver a lecture(b)essayterm paper(c)get it over withcomplete, performParaphrases 1. The student is deeply concerned over both the tasks demands and the fact that he is to submit a paper to the professor that same day.2. First, the student pledge
43、d himself to fulfill his duties when he took on the job of teaching assistant.六、Question 6(总题数：1，分数：20.00)6.Question: Using points and examples from the talk, explain the two kinds of barriers creatures such as ants use to defend their food.（分数：20.00）_正确答案：(The professor discusses two methods animal
44、s use to defend food supplies. Both examples are of ants.One method is creating a chemical barrier. If the food is too large to carry, these ants release an unpleasant, smelling chemical into the food, making other insects or small animals avoid it. In the meantime, the ants return home to get help.
45、In other cases, they heap small stones over the food as a way to discourage other insects from carrying away the food. Then the ants return to their hill to recruit the necessary labor to carry the food back home.)解析：听力原文W: Today were going to talk about how animals defend their food once they find
46、it. I mean, often they cant eat it all at once. One common tactic adopted by animals involves use of a barrier. There are a number of types of barriers animals use. Today we will touch on two, using ants as an example.The first is a chemical barrier. This is created by the ants emitting certain chemical substances to keep other kinds of animal away
