1、托福真题 2009 年 2 月 14 日及答案解析(总分：30.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSPEAKING/B(总题数：6，分数：30.00)1.Which important skill do you think a student should learn? Please include specific examples and details in your explanation.（分数：5.00）_2.Which one do you prefer? Shopping in a store or online shopping? Use specific reasons a
2、nd examples to support your answer.（分数：5.00）_3.Notice of Price IncreaseThe university decides to increase the ticket price of University Recreational Centre by 25%, from 20 dollars per person to 25 dollars each. The benefits will be spent on updating current entertainment facilities and buying novel
3、 equipments. The new price schedule will be effective from Oct. 1st this year.Question: The man expresses his opinion towards the universitys decision to increase the ticket price. State his opinion and explain the reasons he gives for holding that opinion.（分数：5.00）_4.Observational LearningSome scie
4、ntists believed that direct reinforcement could not account for all types of learning. Banduras learning theory added a social element, arguing that people can learn new information and behaviors by watching other people. Known as observational learning (or modeling), this type of learning can be us
5、ed to explain a wide variety of behaviors. Observational learning takes place when an individual acquires a habit or skill through witnessing the performance of another person. Such learning often, but not always, involves imitation of the observed activities.Question: The professor uses an experime
6、nt to illustrate the definition of “observational learning“. Explain how this example is related to the reading passage.（分数：5.00）_5.Question: Briefly summarize the problem and two possible solutions. Then state which solution you recommend and explain why.（分数：5.00）_6.Question: Summarize the lecture
7、and explain what adaptation seabirds have made to living in the sea.（分数：5.00）_托福真题 2009 年 2 月 14 日答案解析(总分：30.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSPEAKING/B(总题数：6，分数：30.00)1.Which important skill do you think a student should learn? Please include specific examples and details in your explanation.（分数：5.00）_正确答案：()解析：I
8、think students need to learn communication skills. It is impossible to overstate the importance of good communication skills. In todays society we have to work cooperatively with others. A good communicator finds it easier to put forth his ideas clearly. In this way there will be fewer misunderstand
9、ings. In addition, a person with good communication skills is a good mediator and negotiator. He or she can play a valuable role in resolving disputes and enhancing cooperation. This means that a good communicator is often a natural leader.2.Which one do you prefer? Shopping in a store or online sho
10、pping? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.（分数：5.00）_正确答案：()解析：I prefer traditional shopping; it is a funny experience. We can go to shop with friends, enjoy the sunshine, talk with the shopkeeper and bargain the goods. The products are really existent and you can touch them or
11、compare them. Also, we can try clothes to make sure whether the color and the fashion suit ourselves. There are some disadvantages to shop online. It may be unsafe to enter private card details on the internet, and it is easy to be cheated when you shop online. Besides, the products may not be deliv
12、ered on time.3.Notice of Price IncreaseThe university decides to increase the ticket price of University Recreational Centre by 25%, from 20 dollars per person to 25 dollars each. The benefits will be spent on updating current entertainment facilities and buying novel equipments. The new price sched
13、ule will be effective from Oct. 1st this year.Question: The man expresses his opinion towards the universitys decision to increase the ticket price. State his opinion and explain the reasons he gives for holding that opinion.（分数：5.00）_正确答案：()解析：The school decides to increase the ticket price of Recr
14、eational Centre and the income will be spent on the renovation of the entertainment facilities. The man supports this policy because he thinks its worthwhile to update those old equipments and more students will go there to have fun. He thinks current facilities are dangerous and boring. Also, he th
15、inks students can afford the ticket by spending less on eating and buying original CDs. Compared with the big investment on the renovation plan, 25 dollars is a reasonable price. 听力原文 W: Hi, John, have you heard of the schools new policy. We have to pay more for the recreational centre. M: Well, I s
16、upport this new policy. Maybe it can help increase the number of visitors to some extent. W: Why do you say so? M: If they can spend their income on renovating the old facilities, more students will go there to have fun. Students dont go there frequently mostly because they dislike those old equipme
17、nts. We are worried about the safety and the quality of those worn-out machines and we want to have fun with modern facilities. W: Hmm, I can see your point. But dont you think the price is a bit too high? M: I think its reasonable, because renovating the whole place will cost thousands of dollars,
18、you know, like building a merry-go-round. Also, we can save the money by eating at home and downloading music freely from the internet. Everyone can afford the ticket only if wed love to go.4.Observational LearningSome scientists believed that direct reinforcement could not account for all types of
19、learning. Banduras learning theory added a social element, arguing that people can learn new information and behaviors by watching other people. Known as observational learning (or modeling), this type of learning can be used to explain a wide variety of behaviors. Observational learning takes place
20、 when an individual acquires a habit or skill through witnessing the performance of another person. Such learning often, but not always, involves imitation of the observed activities.Question: The professor uses an experiment to illustrate the definition of “observational learning“. Explain how this
21、 example is related to the reading passage.（分数：5.00）_正确答案：()解析：Observational learning means that children can acquire new things through watching adults performances. In 1961, Bandura conducted his famous Bobo ball experiment to support this theory. Twenty four children were divided into two playroo
22、ms where two adult models were seated. The aggressive adult model was attacking the ball while the other played the tinker toy all the time. Then both groups were put into a room of toys and those exposed to the aggressive model tend to act in more aggressive ways. This proves Banduras theory that c
23、hildren may be influenced by adults behavior through observational learning. 听力原文 M: Now we believe that observational learning may take place when children watch other peoples performances. In 1961, Bandura conducted his famous Bobo doll experiment to test whether or not children would imitate adul
24、t models behavior, say, aggressive behavior or non-aggressive behavior. Two groups of children were put separately into two playrooms, and two adult models were seated in each room containing a tinker toy and a Bobo doll. After a while, the aggressive model would attack the Bobo doll physically. Mea
25、nwhile, the non-aggressive model simply played with the tinker toys for the entire period. Then, both children were taken into another playroom filled with highly entertaining toys and were left alone for 20 minutes. Judges watched each child from the window and recorded these childrens performance.
26、 The result showed that the children exposed to the aggressive model were more likely to act in physically aggressive ways. Bandura successfully supported his theory of observational learning in this experiment and came to the conclusion that children tend to think that the behavior they are observi
27、ng is acceptable.5.Question: Briefly summarize the problem and two possible solutions. Then state which solution you recommend and explain why.（分数：5.00）_正确答案：()解析：The womans tutor time conflicts with her Chinese history course, and she doesnt know how to make a choice. The man offers her two solutio
28、ns: to choose the course next semester or to change the tutor time. Personally, I prefer the latter choice because only in this semester she can have the opportunity to take Prof. Phil Joness Chinese history course, and he is an expert in this field. Also, I think although changing the tutor time me
29、ans teaching younger kids, she may have other opportunities to teach excellent students in the future. 听力原文 W: Tom, Ive been looking for you. M: Whats happening? W: I dont know what to do. Im supposed to tutor Jenny this morning, and the teaching hours conflict with my Chinese history course. Both s
30、chedules are fixed and the conflict will last the whole semester. Im in a dilemma as to . M: I understand your point. You know, why not take the Chinese course next semester. I heard this course can be registered every semester. W: But only in this term, Prof. Phil ones will teach the course. He is
31、a visiting scholar from Oxford University and he has been to China several times. I dont want to miss the learning opportunity. M: Then, change your tutor time. You can teach other students on other days, right? W: Well, the student Ill teach this morning is a senior student, the oldest of all. Teac
32、hing senior students can improve my teaching quality and the experience may look more attractive on my resume.6.Question: Summarize the lecture and explain what adaptation seabirds have made to living in the sea.（分数：5.00）_正确答案：()解析：The lecture illustrates two techniques seabirds have developed to ad
33、apt to living in the sea. Albatrosses are famous for their energy-saving techniques: gliding and soaring. With long and slender wings, albatrosses can coast on the wind to lose altitude and borrow the air currents to soar up into the sky. This technique can help albatrosses fly over hundreds of mile
34、s of ocean surface without flapping. Another advantage seabirds have is an acute sense of smell. For example, petrels can find their burrows through recognizing their partners odor at night, and this helps them effectively avoid predators. 听力原文 W: Seabirds have made numerous adaptations to living on
35、 and feeding in the sea. Because flight requires so much energy, seabirds have evolved various energy-saving techniques. Gliding and soaring are two energy-saving techniques. Gliding is “coasting“ on the wind in a straight line or gentle curve while gradually losing altitude. Soaring is using air cu
36、rrents to gain altitude. The long, slender wings of albatrosses are ideal for gliding. Using a combination of gliding and soaring, an albatross can fly over hundreds of kilometers of ocean surface in search of food without flapping. Most seabirds have a well-developed sense of smell to adapt to livi
37、ng in the sea. The petrel is a good case in point. During the breeding period, many species of petrel live in groups on small oceanic islands. They form in pairs and live in burrows. Returning from the ocean at night, petrels must find their nest burrow by recognizing their partners odor, suggesting the existence of an individual odor signature.
