1、托福-练习二及答案解析(总分：40.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：13.00)Dada and Pop ArtDada was a subversive movement in the arts that flourished mainly in France, Switzerland, and Germany from 1916 to 1923. Dada was based on the principles of deliberate irrationality and anarchy. It rejected laws of beauty and
2、 social organization and attempted to discover authentic reality through the destruction of traditional culture and aesthetic forms. The movements founders included the French artist Jean Arp and the writers Tristan Tzara and Hugo Ball. At a meeting of young artists in 1916 in Zurich, one of them in
3、serted a paper knife into a French-German dictionary. The knife pointed to the word dada, a French baby-talk word for a hobbyhorse, which the group saw as an appropriate term for their anti-art.Dada emerged from despair over the First World War and disgust for the conservative values of society. Dad
4、a was the first expression of protest against the war. Dadaists used absurdity to create artworks that mocked society yet defied intellectual analysis, such as the use of “found“ objects in sculptures and installations. The forerunner of the Dadaists, and ultimately their leading member, was Marcel
5、Duchamp, who in 1913 created his first “ready-made“, the Bicycle Wgeel, consisting of a wheel mounted on the seat of a stool. In his effort to discourage aesthetics, Duchamp shocked the art establishment with these ready-mades-manufactured objects that he selected and exhibited-including a bottle ra
6、ck and a comb. The Dada movement extended to literature and music and became international after the war. （分数：13.00）(1).According to the passage, the main goal of the Dada movement was to _.A. stimulate public interest in artB. change the goals of art educationC. destroy traditional standards of art
7、D. make mass media the subject of art（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The author mentions a “hobby-horse“ in paragraph 1 in order to _.A. explain the origin of the name “Dada“B. illustrate how Dadaists created artC. compare art to a childrens gameD. give an example of a “ready-made/（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Accordin
8、g to the passage, one way in which the Dadaists mocked society was by _.A. refusing to fight in the First World WarB. writing plays about social classC. using “found“ objects in works of artD. criticizing the commercial media（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The word “forerunner“ in paragraph 2 is closest in mea
9、ning to _.A. leading writer B. earliest artistC. main critic D. fastest runner（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The passage gives all of the following as examples of “ready-mades“ EXCEPT _.A. a bicycle wheel B. a bottle rackC. a soup can D. a comb（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(6).The word “them“ in paragraph 3 refers to _.A.
10、 the Dadaists B. standards and valuesC. ordinary things D. the young artists（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(7).It can be inferred from paragraph 3 that the Pop artists _.A. reacted against the Dada movementB. were more popular than the DadaistsC. criticized art for being too commercialD. succeeded in changing ide
11、as about art（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(8).Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in paragraph 4? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.A. Pop art could be produced and consumed more quickly than any other m
12、ass media.B. The public enthusiastically accepted Pop art, which portrayed commercial Culture.C. The mass media quickly reached large audiences, thus influencing attitudes about art.D. Large numbers of people bought Pop art, even though they could not understand it.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(9).Which artist
13、created works based on other styles and the work of other artists?A. Marcel Duchamp. B. Lawrence Alloway.C. Roy Lichtenstein. D. Andy Warhol.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(10).The phrase “took on“ in paragraph 6 is closest in meaning to _.A. hated B. was afraid ofC. invented D. responded to（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(11).
14、The word “glut“ in paragraph 6 is closest in meaning to _.A. excess B. definition C. fear D. absence（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(12).Look at the four squares, , , , and （分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(13).Select the appropriate phrases from the answer choices and match them to the art movement that they describe. TWO of the
15、 answer choices will NOT be used. This question is worth 4 points.Dada_Pop Art_Answer ChoicesA. Reflected the mass media of advertising, newsprint, and televisionB. Was an anti-art movement in the visual arts, literature and musicC. Focused on transitory impressions and the changing effects of light
16、D. Depicted things that had already been produced in other mediaE. Originated as a protest against the First World WarF. Found beauty in comic strips and other images from popular cultureG. Emphasized the act of creating art over the finished work of artH Used “found“ objects and “ready-mades“ in wo
17、rks of artI Created art out of famous brand names and images of famous people（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_二、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：13.00)Eric CarleEric Carle is acclaimed and beloved as the creator of brilliantly illustrated and innovatively designed picture books for very young children. Carles books utilize bold c
18、olor and innovative techniques to try and stimulate a childs imagination in order to facilitate the childs transition from home to school. The Very Hungry Caterpillar, for example, is designed with scalloped holes through the pages to demonstrate how a caterpillar eats through different materials. T
19、his book has eaten its way into the hearts of literally millions of children all over the world and has been translated into more than 30 languages and sold over 22 million copies. Since the Caterpillar was published in 1969, Erie Carle has illustrated more than seventy books, many best sellers, mos
20、t of which he also wrote, and more than 71 million copies of his books have sold around the world.Born in Syracuse, New York, in 1929, Eric Carle moved with his parents to Germany when he was six years old; he was educated there, and graduated from the prestigious art school, the Akademie der Bilden
21、den Kunste, in Stuttgart. But his dream was always to return to America, the land of his happiest childhood memories. So, in 1952, with a fine portfolio in hand and forty dollars in his pocket, he arrived in New York. Later, he was the art director of an advertising agency for many years. （分数：13.00）
22、(1).In the passage, the word “bold“ is closest in meaning to _.A. boldface B. abrupt C. diffident D. distinct（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the passage, what is special about the book The Very Hungry Caterpillar?A. It is beautifully illustrated with pictures of lovely caterpillars eating differen
23、t materials.B. It has holes in it to show the way the caterpillars eat.C. It has many holes in it to show how the caterpillars can eat different materials.D. It is a three-dimension book to attract the young readers.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Look at the four squares, , , and （分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The word
24、 “it“ in the passage refers to _.A. Brown Bear, Brown Bear, What Do You SeeB. Brown bearC. their collaborationD. advertisement（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).All of the following statements about Bill Martin Jr. are true EXCEPT _.A. He wrote a story about a brown bearB. As a respected educator and author, he c
25、reated a red lobster for an advertisementC. He cooperated with Carle and produced a book Brown Bear, Brown Bear, What Do You SeeD. He was interested in Carles illustrations and collaborated with him（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(6).In paragraph 4, the author implies that when Carle created his books, he _.A. tri
26、ed to think in the way that children doB. produced the books by handC. was inspired by the illustrations that the children madeD. cooperated with small kids to make his books more interesting（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(7).The word “cherished“ in the passage is closest in meaning to _.A. treasured B. lovely C.
27、 naive D. interesting（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(8).According to the passage, what do Carle and small children share in common?A. They have experienced the same experience in childhood.B. They all long for extensive knowledge and hope to learn more.C. They all like illustrated books and beautiful artwork.D. T
28、hey are all interested in nature and love nature.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(9).Which of the following sentences best expresses the essential information in the sentence below? Incorrect answer choices omit important information or change the meaning of the original sentence in an important way.It is his conc
29、ern for children, for their feelings and their inquisitiveness, for their creativity and their intellectual growth that, in addition to his beautiful artwork, makes the reading of his books such a stimulating and lasting experience.A. Carles is concerned about the children and their intellectual gro
30、wth and children love reading his books.B. Carles concern for the children makes his books more beautiful and ever- lasting.C. It is enjoyable to read Carles books due to his detailed description about the children, and, their feelings, etc. , as well as his artistic work.D. Children love reading Ca
31、rles books because he cares about their feelings.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(10).The author quotes from Carle in order to _.A. encourage writers to do some research on child psychology.B. prove that his books really reflect the drama of the children.C. let the readers pay more attention to his books.D. show C
32、arles motives behind the stories in his book.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(11).The word “counteract“ in the passage is closest in meaning to _.A. make use of B. offsetC. put on stage D. recall（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(12).According to Eric Carle, what do being born and leaving home for school have in common?A. In both
33、cases, the human beings suffer from trauma.B. In both cases, the human beings are looking for warmth and protection.C. In both cases, the human beings have to face an unknown world.D. In both cases, Eric Carle can find something to replace the fears.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(13).Directions: Below is an intr
34、oductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage. Complete the summary by writing the letters of three of the answer choices that express the most important ideas of the passage. Some of the answer choices are incorrect because they express ideas that are not given in the passage or because they
35、 express only details from the passage. This question is worth 2 points.Eric Carle is a brilliant illustrator for picture books for small kids._Answer ChoicesA. His books have been sold around the world and are still loved by the small children.B. He was longing to return to America even though his
36、attended a prestigious school in Germany.C. His work experience in an advertising agency helped him to focus on writing stories and illustrating for books.D. His concern for the children and their thoughts and emotions appealed to small children and led to his success.E. He had extensive knowledge a
37、nd he liked to collaborate with others.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_三、Passage 3(总题数：1，分数：14.00)Two Types of Social GroupsOne of the most basic elements of human life is the way in which we form social groups and interact with the members of those groups. According to sociologists, no one is ever entirely separat
38、e from the social networks that surround him or her, and the groups we belong to play an enormous role in determining how we see ourselves and our world. Early American sociologist Charles H. Cooley (18641929) defined two principal categories of human groupings, and his ideas are still widely accept
39、ed today. He termed them primary and secondary, based on the kinds of relationships individuals in the group share with each other.In primary groups, we form what Cooley referred to as primary relationships. These are marked by strong, long-lasting emotional ties, feelings of intimacy and genuine co
40、ncern for the well-being of the other person or people. Intangible items, such as love, respect, and support, are exchanged by individuals in primary groups, causing them to feel nurtured by the relationships the group affords them. Participation in the group is therefore seen as its own reward: the
41、re is no concrete, external goal that members are working towards.Due to the time and effort it takes to build such close bonds, primary groups are typically small. Some prominent examples given by Cooley include families, groups of childhood friends, and the tight-knit communities adults enter into
42、 with their neighbors or other close peers. In the view of Cooley and later sociologists, it is the primary group that is most important in the development of an individuals personal beliefs and values, and assists that person with his or her integration into society at large.Secondary groups, in co
43、ntrast, are characterized by the lack of intimate relationships among their members. These secondary relationships involve less personal interaction and weaker emotional connections, and therefore they do not have as significant an impact on the development of an individuals worldview. In addition,
44、since ties between individuals are not as strong, many secondary groups either exist for only a short time before dissolving, or experience frequent changes in membership.Secondary groups can be quite large. A companys employees, a universitys student body, and even a countrys citizens are all examp
45、les of secondary groups. The items individuals exchange are usually tangible in nature, such as the labor provided in return for wages in the case of a commercial organization. Most notably, though, the reason that secondary groups form in the first place is to accomplish a specific task. Employees
46、participate in the secondary group of their company with the intention of creating a product or service, as well as to receive pay. （分数：14.00）(1).According to paragraph 1, how did Cooley differentiate between primary and secondary groups? _A. By using definitions formulated by earlier American socio
47、logists.B. By focusing on the types of interactions displayed by group members.C. By assigning values to groups based on their role in personal development.D. By comparing the types of roles they play in society.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).It can be inferred from paragraph 2 that the typical primary group
48、_.A. cannot supply everything an individual needs to be happyB. contains members that are emotionally healthyC. remains together for a long period of timeD. does not encourage the formation of relationships outside the group（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The word “affords“ in the passage is closest in meaning
49、 to _.A. lends B. provides C. costs D. teaches（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).In paragraph 3, the author states that primary groups are largely responsible for _.A. shaping how their members relate to their social environmentB. making sure societies work together towards a common goalC. forming organizations that undertake community developmentD. introducing new sets of beliefs and values to
