1、托福-练习二十五及答案解析(总分：20.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Passage 1(总题数：10，分数：10.00)1.Look at the four squares, , , , and , which indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. Where would the sentence best fit?Most of them like to talk, especially in front of a group.Kindergartners are quite skillf
2、ul with language. Providing a “sharing time“ gives children a natural opportunity for talking. However, many will need help in becoming good listeners. Some sort of rotation scheme is usually necessary to divide talking opportunities between the talkative and silent extremes. Teachers can provide ac
3、tivities or experinces for less confident children to talk about, such as a field trip, a book, or a film. （分数：1.00）填空项 1:_2.Look at the four squares, , , , and , which indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. Where would the sentence best fit?However, the ground surface
4、is spongy and wet to the touch.Bogs are a distinctive type of wetland. They appear relatively dry, with only small amounts of shallow water visible. The surface material is largely sphagnum moss or other organic matter rather than mineral soil. Bogs are usually characterized by evergreen trees and s
5、hrubs and are underlain by deep peat deposits. （分数：1.00）填空项 1:_3.Look at the four squares, , , , and , which indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. Where would the sentence best fit?The narrower leaves of trees like willows and mimosa provide a dappled shade, which may
6、be more beneficial to lawns and garden plants.While all living things need sunlight, too much of it can be oppressive, even damaging. Any overheated dog or cat can appreciate the relief provided by a mature shade tree on a sunny day. The densest foliage, and so the densest shade, is found under the
7、broad leaves of deciduous trees like oaks and maples. By cooling the surrounding air, the shade from trees reduces the demand for air conditioning in nearby homes. （分数：1.00）填空项 1:_4.Look at the four squares, , , , and , which indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. Where
8、 would the sentence best fit?This is due to the beating of the double reed through which the air travels as it leaves the players mouth.The highest of the standard orchestral instruments, the flute is unlike the other woodwinds because it is held across the players mouth. The air inside is set in vi
9、bration by the action of the airstream against the edge of the hole. The flute has no reed, so its tone is pure and creamy. In contrast, the oboe has a rasping, “sawtooth“ configuration to its sound when played loud. （分数：1.00）填空项 1:_5.Look at the four squares, , , , and , which indicate where the fo
10、llowing sentence could be added to the passage. Where would the sentence best fit?It is the only method available for obtaining a variety of colors in bamboo.For centuries, bamboo has provided building materials for Eastern cultures. Now it is becoming more popular and available in the West, particu
11、larly as a substitute for expensive hardwood flooring. As a flooring material, natural honey-colored bamboo is more stable than carbonized bamboo. Carbonizing is a technique of steaming and pressurizing the bamboo to introduce carbon fibers that darken the original material. However, it lowers the h
12、ardness factor, making the darker bamboo more susceptible to damage. （分数：1.00）填空项 1:_6.Look at the four squares, , , , and , which indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. Where would the sentence best fit?No one can be made better off without making someone else worse of
13、f.An economy is efficient if there is no way of reorganizing production and distribution to improve everyones satisfaction. Economists call such a state allocative efficiency. When people come to a market with goods they have produced, they trade their goods for those of others. Every completed trad
14、e raises the satisfaction of both sides. When all of the beneficial trades have been completed, no one can find another trade to improve his situation. （分数：1.00）填空项 1:_7.Look at the four squares, , , , and , which indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. Where would the s
15、entence best fit?Researchers found that high-pitched notes made people think of bright colors, while low tones brought dark colors to mind.For people with a condition called synesthesia, sound is directly linked to the sense of sight, and they experience sounds by seeing them as colors. However, dif
16、ferent sounds sometimes remind everyone of different colors. In one study, students were asked to relate colors to different tones of music. White, yellow, and pink were associated with tones in the 4,000-Hz range; blue and green were associated with tones in the 1,000-Hz range; and brown, gray, and
17、 black were associated with tones in the 200-Hz range. （分数：1.00）填空项 1:_8.Look at the four squares, , , , and , which indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. Where would the sentence best fit?This irritation is caused by viruses or bacteria, exposure to tobacco smoke, or
18、air pollution.Bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchial tubes in the lungs. It often appears after a cold or an upper respiratory infection that does not heal completely. It also may accompany childhood infections such as measles, whooping cough, and typhoid fever. The inflamed bronchial tubes
19、secrete a sticky mucus called sputum. It is difficult for the tiny hairs on the bronchi to clear out this sputum. The cough that comes with bronchitis is the bodys attempt to eliminate it. （分数：1.00）填空项 1:_9.Look at the four squares, , , , and , which indicate where the following sentence could be ad
20、ded to the passage. Where would the sentence best fit?Courses included Far Eastern, Spanish, and Native American dances as well as basic ballet.Among the modern dance innovators of the early twentieth century was Ruth St. Denis, whose dances were lush and graceful, tinged with exoticism and mysticis
21、m. St. Denis was particularly expert in the manipulation of draperies and veils so that the moving fabrics seemed like magical extensions of her own body. St. Deniss 1914 marriage to dancer-choreographer Ted Shawn resulted in a wedding of names, Denishawn, which first became a school and then a danc
22、e company. Denishawn drew its inspiration and derived its curriculum from a variety of ethnic sources. （分数：1.00）填空项 1:_10.Look at the four squares, , , , and , which indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. Where would the sentence best fit?Both biological and chemical oc
23、eanographers are trying to make ocean life and industrial progress compatible so marine ecosystems will not be endangered.Within the field of oceanography, the major areas stressed are physical, biological, chemical, geological, engineering, and technological. However, each of these areas is interde
24、pendent of the others. Both physical oceanographers and ocean engineers are involved in harnessing the energies of the ocean to fill the demand for electrical power. Even if oceanographers have an area of major interest, they are consistently forced to take a more interdisciplinary view of their wor
25、k because the various sciences overlap. Oceanographers of different backgrounds depend on each other to further their own research. （分数：1.00）填空项 1:_二、Passage 2(总题数：3，分数：10.00)1 The 2,000-year-old complex of mounds occupying thirteen acres on the banks of the Scioto River in southwestern Ohio is one
26、of the most important sites of the Hopewell Indian culture. Their mound construction was especially intensive in this area. It offers evidence that this society flourished in the Ohio Valley for five hundred years.2 The 23 mounds are spaciously placed but with no overall pattern. Archaeologists have
27、 determined that the complex-called Mound City-was apparently both a village and a burial site. Numerous artifacts have been found in excavations of the burial mounds. They include shell beads, bear and shark teeth, pottery, and ear spools of copper and silver. A number of pipes found in one mound-p
28、robably belonging to a chief or priest-are remarkable for their exquisite workmanship and stylized realism in the likenesses of animals and birds: wildcat, beaver, great blue heron, and raven.（分数：3.00）(1).The word flourished in paragraph 1 is closest in meaning toA. sufferedB. fishedC. livedD. compe
29、ted（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The word likenesses in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning toA. formsB. bonesC. behaviorD. habitats（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Look at the four squares, , , , and , which indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. Where would the sentence best fit?The quantit
30、y and type of burial objects in particular mounds indicates the status and occupation of the deceased.The 23 mounds are spaciously placed but with no overall pattern. Archaeologists have determined that the complex-called Mound City-was apparently both a village and a burial site. Numerous artifacts
31、 have been found in excavations of the burial mounds. They include shell beads, bear and shark teeth, pottery, and ear spools of copper and silver. A number of pipes found in one mound-probably belonging to a chief or priest-are remarkable for their exquisite workmanship and stylized realism in the
32、likenesses of animals and birds: wildcat, beaver, great blue heron, and raven. （分数：1.00）填空项 1:_1 Although some fish appear capable of swimming at extremely high speeds, most fish, such as trout and minnows, can actually swim only about ten body lengths per second. Translated into kilometers per hour
33、, it means that a 30-centimeter trout can swim only about 10.4 kilometers per hour. Generally speaking, the larger the fish the faster it can swim.2 We can understand how fish swim by studying the motion of a very flexible fish such as an eel. The movement is serpentine, with undulations moving back
34、ward along the body by alternate contraction of the muscles on either side of the eels body. While the undulations move backward, the bending of the body pushes sideways against the water, producing a reactive force that is directed forward at an angle. The movement has two components: thrust and la
35、teral force. Thrust is used to propel the fish forward, and lateral force tends to make the fishs head deviate from the course in the same direction as the tail. This side-to-side head movement is very obvious in a swimming eel, but fish with large, rigid heads have enough surface resistance to mini
36、mize the lateral movement.（分数：3.00）(1).It can be inferred from paragraph 1 that a 60-centimeter fish can swimA. at extremely high speedsB. faster than a 30-centimeter fishC. only about 10.4 kilometers per hourD. fast enough to catch an eel（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which sentence below best expresses the
37、essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage?A. The fish uses thrust when moving forward, and lateral force when moving backward or sideways.B. Both force and lateral thrust are needed for the fish to maintain its intended course.C. Thrust can be seen in the fishs head, while lat
38、eral force is seen in both its head and its tail.D. Thrust pushes the fish forward, and lateral force pushes both its head and its tail to the same side.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Look at the four squares, , , , and , which indicate where the following sentence coulc be added to the passage. Where would t
39、he sentence best fit?The front end of the body bends less than the back end, so each undulation increases in size as it travels along the body.We can understand how fish swim by studying the motion of a very flexible fish such as an eel. The movement is serpentine, with undulations moving backward a
40、long the body by alternate contraction of the muscles on either side of the eels body. While the undulations move backward, the bending of the body pushes sideways against the water, producing a reactive force that is directed forward at an angle. The movement has two components: thrust and lateral
41、force. Thrust is used to propel the fish forward, and lateral force tends to make the fishs head deviate from the course in the same direction as the tail. This side-to-side head movement is very obvious in a swimming eel, but fish with large, rigid heads have enough surface resistance to minimize t
42、he lateral movement. （分数：1.00）填空项 1:_1 Both the Greeks and the Romans minted coins. The Romans called the place where coins were made and stored by the Latin word moneta, the ancestor of the English word money. Even after coins were developed, however, the world was still a long way away from our cu
43、rrent system of money. Each city made its own coins, with no common way of exchanging one type for another. Gradually, traders worked out different rates of exchange.2 Another complication lay in the fact that for thousands of years, most people did not use money for important purchases. Although th
44、e wealthier classes used money for major transactions, ordinary people continued to barter for most things in their daily lives. For example, workers would be paid in food, clothing, and shelter, rather than in money. Farmers would grow food and make items for themselves, trading the tiny surplus fo
45、r whatever they could not make or grow.3 Paper money had a lot of advantages: it was lighter and easier to carry. It was also a lot cheaper to make. The development of paper money meant that people had grasped the difference between money as a symbol and money as something that was worth only the ac
46、tual cost of the paper and ink in making a bill. The first known use of paper money was in China, around the year 1300. The first use of paper money in Europe was in Sweden in the 1600s, a time of extensive international trade and exploration. Because paper money made trade easier and more efficient
47、, its use quickly caught on throughout the world.（分数：4.00）(1).Which sentence below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage?A. Because the majority of people did not have much money, they had to use other methods of exchange.B. Rich people used money for im
48、portant purchases, but common people traded goods and services directly.C. The daily life of the rich and the poor differed mainly in the amount of money that was available to them.D. The wealthier classes had more control over how they used their money than did members of the lower classes.（分数：1.00
49、）A.B.C.D.(2).The word grasped in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning toA. reducedB. challengedC. understoodD. hidden（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Look at the four squares, , , , and , which indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. Where would the sentence best fit?However, this was a long, slow process that often developed differently, depending on the indivi
