1、托福-20 及答案解析(总分：146.42，做题时间：90 分钟)一、READING(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、PART (总题数：1，分数：6.50)Reading 1 “Resources and Industrialism in Canada“ While the much-anticipated expansion of the western frontier was unfolding in accordance with the design of the National Policy, a new northern frontier was opening up to
2、enhance the prospects of Canadian industrial development. Long the preserve of the fur trade, the Canadian Shield and the western Cordilleras became a treasury of minerals, timber and hydroelectric power in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. As early as 1883, CPR Canadian Pacific Railway constr
3、uction crews blasting through the rugged terrain of northern Ontario discovered copper and nickel deposits in the vicinity of Sudbury. As refining processes, uses, and markets for the metal developed, Sudbury became the worlds largest nickel producer. The building of the Temiskaming and Northern Ont
4、ario Railway led to the discovery of rich silver deposits around Cobalt north of Lake Nipissing in 1903 and touched off a mining boom that spread northward to Kirkland Lake and the Porcupine district. Although the economic importance of these mining operations was enduring, they did not capture the
5、public imagination to the same extent as the Klondike gold rush of the late 1890s. （分数：6.50）(1).Why does the author mention the railroads in paragraph 1 ? A. Because miners were traveling to camps in the West B. Because mineral deposits were discovered when the railroads were built C. Because the we
6、stern frontier was being settled by families D. Because traders used the railroads to transport their goods（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).In paragraph 1, the author identifies Sudbury as A. an important stop on the new railroad line B. a large market for the metals produced in Ontario C. a major industrial ce
7、nter for the production of nickel D. a mining town in the Klondike region（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).The word enhance in the passage is closest in meaning to A. disrupt B. restore C. identify D. improve（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).According to paragraph 2, why was the Yukon Territory created? A. To encourage peopl
8、e to settle the region B. To prevent Alaska from acquiring it C. To establish law and order in the area D. To legalize the mining claims（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).The word previously in the passage is closest in meaning to A. frequently B. suddenly C. routinely D. formerly（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).How did the
9、poetry by Robert Service contribute to the development of Canada? A. It made the Klondike gold rush famous. B. It encouraged families to settle in the Klondike. C. It captured the beauty of the western Klondike. D. It prevented the Klondikes annexation to Alaska.（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).According to par
10、agraph 3, the forest industry supported the development of Canada in all of the following ways EXCEPT A. by supplying wood for the construction of homes and buildings B. by clearing the land for expanded agricultural uses C. by producing the power for the hydroelectric plants D. by exporting wood an
11、d newsprint to foreign markets（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).The word Furthermore in the passage is closest in meaning to A. Although B. Because C. Therefore D. Moreover（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).Which of the sentences below best expresses the information in the highlighted statement in the passage? The other choic
12、es change the meaning or leave out important information. A. New businesses and industries were created by the federal government to keep the prices of manufactured goods low. B. The lower price of manufacturing attracted many foreign businesses and new industries to the area. C. Federal taxes on ch
13、eaper imported goods were responsible for protecting domestic industries and supporting new businesses. D. The federal tax laws made it difficult for manufacturers to sell their goods to foreign markets.（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).The word them in the passage refers to A. governments B. plants C. firms D.
14、 policies（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).According to paragraph 4, British and American businesses opened affiliates in Canada because A. the Canadian government offered incentives B. the raw materials were available in Canada C. the consumers in Canada were eager to buy their goods D. the infrastructure was
15、attractive to investors（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).Look at the four squares that show where the following sentence could be inserted in the passage. Railway construction through the Kootenay region of southeastern British Columbia also led to significant discoveries of gold, silver, copper, lead, and zinc
16、. Where could the sentence best be added? Click on a square to insert the sentence in the passage. A. Square .B. Square .C. Square .D. Square .（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(13).Directions: An introduction for a short summary of the passage appears below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choice
17、s that mention the most important points in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not included in the passage or are minor points from the passage. This question is worth 2 points. The northern frontier provided many natural resources that contr
18、ibuted to industrial expansion of Canada. Answer ChoicesA. The Yukon Territory was created in 1898 during the gold rush in the Klondike and Yukon River valleys. B. The frontier was documented in the pop- ular press, which published tales of heroes and gold strikes. C. Significant discoveries of mine
19、ral deposits encouraged prospectors and settlers to move into the territories. D. Wheat and other agricultural crops were planted after the forests were cleared, creating the central plains. E. Powered by hydroelectricity, lumber and paper mills exploited the forests for both domestic and foreign ma
20、rkets. F. Incentives encouraged American and British investors to help expand manufacturing plants in Canada.（分数：0.50）填空项 1:_三、PART (总题数：2，分数：13.00)Reading 2 “Looking at Theatre History“ One of the primary ways of approaching the Greek theatre is through archeology, the systematic study of material
21、remains such as architecture, inscriptions, sculpture, vase painting, and other forms of decorative art. Serious on-site excavations began in Greece around 1870, but W. D rpfeld did not begin the first extensive study of the Theatre of Dionysus until 1886. Since that time, more than 167 other Greek
22、theatres have been identified and many of them have been excavated. Nevertheless, they still do not permit us to describe the precise appearance of the skene (illustrations printed in books are conjectural reconstructions), since many pieces are irrevocably lost because the buildings in later period
23、s became sources of stone for other projects and what remains is usually broken and scattered. （分数：6.50）(1).According to paragraph 1, why is it impossible to identify the time period for theatres in Greece? A. There are too few sites that have been excavated and very little data collected about them
24、. B. The archeologists from earlier periods were not careful, and many artifacts were broken. C. It is confusing because stones from early sites were used to build later structures. D. Because it is very difficult to date the concrete that was used in construction during early periods.（分数：0.50）A.B.C
25、.D.(2).What can be inferred from paragraph 1 about the skene in theatre history? A. Drawings in books are the only accurate visual records. B. Not enough evidence is available to make a precise model. C. Archaeologists have excavated a large number of them. D. It was not identified or studied until
26、the early 1800s.（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).The word primary in the passage is closest in meaning to A. reliable B. important C. unusual D. accepted（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).The word precise in the passage is closest in meaning to A. attractive B. simple C. difficult D. exact（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(5).In paragraph 2,
27、 the author explains that all vases with paintings of masks or musicians may not be evidence of theatrical subjects by A. arguing that the subjects could have been used by artists without reference to a drama B. identifying some of the vases as reproductions that were painted years after the origina
28、ls C. casting doubt on the qualifications of the scholars who produced the vases as evidence D. pointing out that there are very few vases that have survived from the time of early dramas（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(6).The word controversial in the passage is closest in meaning to A. accepted B. debated C. lim
29、ited D. complicated（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(7).In paragraph 3, the author states that female characters in Greek theatre A. had no featured parts in plays B. were mostly ignored by critics C. did not participate in the chorus D. frequently played the part of victims（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(8).According to paragra
30、ph 3, scripts of plays may not beaccurate because A. the sources cited are not well known B. copies by hand may contain many errors C. they are written in very old language D. the printing is difficult to read（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(9).The word them in the passage refers to A. events B. sources C. writers
31、 D. references（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(10).Why does the author mention a jigsaw puzzle in paragraph 4? A. To demonstrate the difficulty in drawing conclusions from partial evidence B. To compare the written references for plays to the paintings on vases C. To justify using accounts and records that histori
32、ans have located D. To introduce the topic for the next reading passage in the textbook（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(11).Which of the following statements most accurately reflects the authors opinion about vase paintings? A. Evidence from written documents is older than evidence from vase paintings. B. The sour
33、ces for vase paintings are clear because of the images on them. C. The details in vase paintings are not obvious because of their age. D. There is disagreement among scholars regarding vase paintings.（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(12).Look at the four squares that show where the following sentence could be inser
34、ted in the passage. These excavations have revealed much that was previously unknown, especially about the dimensions and layout of theatres. Where could the sentence best be added? Click on a square to insert the sentence in the passage. A. Square .B. Square .C. Square .D. Square .（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.
35、(13).Directions: An introduction for a short summary of the passage appears below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that mention the most important points in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not included in the pas
36、sage or are minor points from the passage. This question is worth 2 points. Greek theatre has been studied by a variety of methods. _ _ _ Answer ChoicesA. Because the Greeks enjoyed dancing and music for entertainment outside of the theatre, many scenes on vases are ambiguous. B. Historical accounts
37、 assembled many years after the actual theatrical works were presented give us a broad perspective of the earlier theatre. C. Although considered less reliable, written records, including scripts, provide insights into the cultural aspects of theatre. D. Archaeological excavations have uncov- ered b
38、uildings and artifacts, many of which were vases with theatrical scenes painted on them. E. For the most part, men wrote the plays for Greek theatre, but choruses and even strong roles were played by women. F. Computer simulations can recreate the image of a building that is crumbling as long as the
39、 dimensions and layout are known.（分数：0.50）填空项 1:_Reading 3 “Geothermal Energy“ Geothermal energy is natural heat from the interior of the Earth that is converted to heat buildings and generate electricity. The idea of harnessing Earths internal heat is not new. As early as 1904, geothermal power was
40、 used in Italy. Today, Earths natural internal heat is being used to generate electricity in 21 countries, including Russia, Japan, New Zealand, Iceland, Mexico, Ethiopia, Guatemala, El Salvador, the Philippines, and the United States. Total worldwide production is appr0aching 9,000 MW (equivalent t
41、o nine large modern coalburning or nuclear power plants)double the amount in 1980. Some 40 million people today receive their electricity from geothermal energy at a cost competitive with that of other energy sources. In El Salvador, geothermal energy is supplying 30% of the total electric energy us
42、ed. However, at the global level, geothermal energy supplies less than 0.15% of the total energy supply. Geothermal energy may be considered a nonrenewable energy source when rates of extraction are greater than rates of natural replenishment. However, geothermal energy has its origin in the natural
43、 heat production within Earth, and only a small fraction of the vast total resource base is being utilized today. Although most ge0thermal energy production involves the tapping of high heat sources; people are also using the low-temperature geothermal energy of groundwater in some applications. Geo
44、thermal Systems The average heat flow from the interior of the Earth is very low, about 0.06 W/m2. This amount is trivial compared with the 177 W/m2 from solar heat at the surface in the United States. However, in some areas, heat flow is sufficiently high to be useful for producing energy. For the
45、most part, areas of high heat flow are associated with plate tectonic boundaries. Oceanic ridge systems (divergent plate boundaries) and areas where mountains are being uplifted and volcanic island arcs are forming (convergent plate boundaries) are areas where this natural heat flow is anomalously h
46、igh. On the basis of geological criteria, several types of hot geothermal systems (with temperatures greater than about 80, or 176F) have been defined, and the resource base is larger than that of fossil fuels and nuclear energy combined. A common system for energy development is hydrothermal convec
47、tion, characterized by the circulation of steam and/or hot water that transfers heat from depths to the surface. （分数：6.50）(1).In paragraph 1, the author introduces the concept of geothermal energy by A. explaining the history of this energy source worldwide B. arguing that this energy source has bee
48、n tried unsuccessfully C. comparing the production with that of other energy sources D. describing the alternatives for generating electric power（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(2).What is true about geothermal energy production worldwide? A. Because it is a new idea, very few countries are developing geothermal e
49、nergy sources. B. Only countries in the Southern Hemisphere are using geothermal energy on a large scale. C. Until the cost of geothermal energy becomes competitive, it will not be used globally. D. Geothermal energy is already being used in a number of nations, but it is not yet a major source of power.（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(3).The word approaching in the passage is closest in meaning to A. hardly B. mostly C. nearly D. briefly（分数：0.50）A.B.C.D.(4).The word that in the passage refers to
