1、上海市高级口译第一阶段笔试真题 2017 年 03 月及答案解析(总分：300.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、SECTION 1: LISTENING(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part A: Spot Directi(总题数：1，分数：30.00)In our looks-obsessed society, many people think that being overweight is an appearance issue. But being overweight is actually 1 because it can seriously affect a person“
2、s health. What is overweight? When people keep up a pattern of eating more calories than they burn, more and more 2 in their bodies. Eventually, the body gets to a point where the amount of body fat can 3 on a person“s health. Doctors use the terms “overweight“ or “obese“ to describe when someone is
3、 4 of developing weight-related health problems. As you“ve probably heard, 5 today than ever before. Experts are calling this 6 . This health problem affects young people as well as adultsone third of all kids between 7 are overweight or obese. So younger people are now developing health problems th
4、at 8 , like high blood pressure, high cholesterol, and 9 . Obesity tends to run in families. Some people have 10 more easily than others because they burn calories more slowly. During times when 11 , this was a real advantage. But now that food is available in most industrialized countries, 12 that
5、once ensured our survival now works to our disadvantage. Although genes strongly 13 , the environment also plays a rote. People today may be gaining weight because of 14 , like fast food, and family habits, like eating in front of the television instead of around a table. 15 snacks and beverages, bi
6、gger portions of food, and less active lifestyles all contribute to the obesity epidemic. Sometimes people turn to food 16 , such as when they feel upset, anxious, sad, 17 . When this happens, they often eat more than they need. Figuring out if a teen is overweight 18 than it is for adults. That“s b
7、ecause teens are still 19 . Doctors and other health care professionals often use a measurement called 20 to determine if someone is overweight. （分数：30.00）三、Part B: Listening Co(总题数：4，分数：20.00)Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following conversation. （分数：5.00）A.To cancel an appointment.B.To book a f
8、light for the businesswoman.C.To get down to the minutes of their business contract.D.To go through the details of the woman“s business trip.A.By a rented car.B.By coach.C.By air.D.By sea.A.Its offices and the main factory are in different locations.B.Its headquarters are located in the United State
9、s of America.C.It owns Hotel Radisson and other chains.D.It is organizing an international exhibition at York.A.At York.B.Near Glasgow.C.In Edinburgh.D.On the Park Avenue.A.The sales director.B.The managing director.C.The exhibition director.D.The American director.Questions 6 to 10 are based on the
10、 following news. （分数：5.00）A.An earthquake with a magnitude of 6.1 hit the northwestern coast of Nicaragua.B.An earthquake with a magnitude of 6.4 shook Managua, Nicaragua“s capital.C.An earthquake which had claimed 16 1ires occurred in Honduras.D.There was an earthquake in Tegucigalpa, the capital o
11、f Honduras.A.He allows the migrants to stay in his country.B.He refuses to resume membership talks.C.He betrays his promises to aid the refugees.D.He threatens to reopen borders to the migrants.A.23.B.72.C.104.D.150.A.It has been due to the economic recession.B.It has more than doubled since 2011.C.
12、There are more retired drivers.D.Only school dropouts are interested in the job.A.0.9%.B.1.5%.C.1.9%.D.2.3%.Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following interview. （分数：5.00）A.Fashion industry.B.Technology industry.C.Private banking.D.Investment banking.A.You can always get it if you ask.B.You need
13、to think twice before making a switch.C.Be ready to take risks and leave your comfort zone.D.Consider your career moves during “Know Your Value“ moments.A.They may lead to more mistakes.B.They can make you more apologetic.C.They are the moments you make career switches.D.They are opportunities to de
14、velop, learn and grow.A.They were too philosophical for professional women.B.They were very instrumental for securing a good position.C.You should own your success and always be confident.D.You should not apologize for what you have accomplished.A.Get involved with their communities and participate
15、in company“s activities.B.Secure a job with decent pay in the city and live a comfortable life thereafter.C.Demonstrate the combined potential for higher performance to advance their careers.D.Realise the importance of sponsorship, mentoring and networking opportunities.Questions 16 to 20 are based
16、on the following talk. （分数：5.00）A.To teach students modern knowledge.B.To prepare students for making a living.C.To spread the religious belief among students.D.To shape their students“ moral character.A.Because there were few universities in the United States.B.Because they were dissatisfied with t
17、heir training in the United States.C.Because the German university was concerned primarily with moral doctrines.D.Because there were more opportunities to become presidents of venerable colleges.A.Graduate students started to question, analyze, and conduct their own research.B.University students we
18、re able to choose their own course of study.C.Professors were hired for their knowledge of a subject, rather than their proper faith.D.Drilling and learning by rote were replaced by the German method of lecturing.A.Yale.B.Harvard.C.Columbia.D.None of the above.A.It was most important to train engine
19、ering students.B.It sought to train men and women to work.C.It paid close attention to the practical needs of society.D.It made the university relevant to the real pursuits of the world.四、SECTION 2: READING T(总题数：4，分数：50.00)Britain“s cybercrime tsar is to ask the government for a programme based on
20、its controversial counter-radicalisation strategy to stop children as young as 12 becoming involved in sophisticated computer crimes. Jamie Saunders said training was needed to help spot at-risk teenagers, as many young Internet users experiment with computer hacking or other cyber offences without
21、realising that what they are doing is a crime. Saunders, Director of the National Cyber Crime Unit at the National Crime Agency, explained that he is proposing a scheme to ministers modelled in part on the official counter-radicalisation programme “Prevent“, which has been dogged by controversy. But
22、 instead of trying to divert aspirant jihadists from terrorism, “cyber Prevent“ would aim to divert computer-literate youngsters from carrying out Distributed Denial of Service attacks (DDoS) and other cybercrimes, such as hacking private Internet users“ details. The “Cyber Prevent“ programme might
23、also be used to recruit tech-savvy young adults. Saunders said: “We need education for schools on the Computer Misuse Act, on what it is and isn“t. A lot of kids don“t realise they are committing a crime. We don“t want them to go to prison, we want them to come and work for us.“ Demand for computer
24、skills is forecast to grow in the coming years. One core message at the heart of the new strategy is that young adults with computer skills can earn well and legitimately, as opposed to perpetrating cybercrimes and facing punishment. “A lot of kids are stumbling into this crime. This activity has co
25、nsequences for them and others. There are legitimate opportunities for their skills, “Saunders said. The target group would be 12 to 25 years old. Analysis of investigations carried out by the NCCU in 2015 found the average age of suspects to be 17. The previous year the average was 24. Saunders sai
26、d some cyber attacks have been carried out by children who did not realise the harm they could do, adding: “We are not dealing with serious criminals. Some are sucked in and damage their careers and do a lot of harm.“ Research shows that some who end up committing cybercrime start by learning how to
27、 outwit games programmers. “One of the entry points is cheating on online gaming, and you have to be quite clever to do that,“ he said. He said Cyber Prevent would be relatively low cost, especially compared with the harm it is trying to thwart. It would hire a network of regional specialists and in
28、dustry might contribute to the cost. Cyber Prevent would also target parents, so they had a better chance of knowing what their children might be up to. The sheer volume of online offending means that only a fraction of offenders are likely to be caught. Compared with other major crime types, intell
29、igence about cybercrime offenders is at a relatively early stage. “We keep finding clean skins, people we did not know about,“ Saunders said. The NCA says that also popular among teenage computer users is a malicious software called Remote Access Trojans (RATs). They allow people to remotely take fu
30、ll control of another computer, turning on webcams, stealing passwords and personal information, and launching further attacks on other computers. An NCA-led operation, targeting users of the Blackshades RAT, found that the average age of the 22 people who where arrested was 18, with the youngest pe
31、rson being just 12 years old. In 2014 the NCA coordinated the first UK-wide cybercrime operation to target users of the Blackshades RAT. More than 100 people were arrested worldwide, following an FBI-led crackdown. Saunders was previously director of international cyber policy at the Foreign Office.
32、 Prior to that he had worked at the UK Government Communications Headquarters.（分数：12.50）(1).According to the passage, “Cyber Prevent“ is a _.（分数：2.50）A.counter-radicalization strategy against terrorismB.programme to check various cybercrimes by youngstersC.project mainly to recruit computer-literate
33、 young adultsD.scheme to popularise Computer Misuse Act among computer-illiterates(2).When Saunders said many young people are “stumbling into“ (para.3) the cybercrime, he meant that _.（分数：2.50）A.they know that they are committing a crimeB.they only want to beat games programmersC.they are intention
34、ally hacking Internet users“ detailsD.they are inadvertently involved in such cybercrimes(3).Which of the following is NOT covered by the new strategy?（分数：2.50）A.To track down the serious cyber-criminals.B.To recruit tech-savvy youngsters to work for the programme.C.To tell young people with compute
35、r skills that they can legitimately earn well.D.To promote education on the Computer Misuse Act.(4).All of the following can be found from the passage EXCEPT that _.（分数：2.50）A.the volume of cybercrime is quite largeB.intelligence about cybercrime offenders needs to be fully collectedC.the age of cyb
36、ercrime offenders has been lowering over the yearsD.online gaming is the one major channel leading to cybercrime(5).What is the main idea of the passage?（分数：2.50）A.Cybercrime tsar plans to intimidate young online offenders.B.Cybercrime director seeks “Prevent“ strategy to deter child hackers.C.The N
37、CA led the first UK-wide cybercrime operation to target RAT users.D.The NCA promoted the investigation of the average age of online offenders.My children went to private school, and given the way things are in our education system I am glad they did; but I wish I had not been presented with the choi
38、ce between the state and private sectors, for I believe that one of the worst things about this country is the chasm in our education system. It is not exclusive to Britain, but it is uniquely divisive here. The difference in quality between state and private schools is particularly large; the divis
39、ion between the two is based almost entirely on money rather than (as in France) religious preferences; the private sector is unusually large and powerful. The consequences for our society are therefore heinous. The private/state divide exacerbates the class consciousness that lurks beneath our rela
40、tionships, poisons our politics and distorts our decisions. It leads people to hire, argue with and vote for each other for the wrong reasons. It clouds our judgment. It“s not like this in America, mainland Europe or indeed anywhere else in the civilised world, I promise you. So I was relieved when,
41、 a few weeks ago, my twin daughters moved on from the class-stratified secondary school system to what I assumed would be the socialist republic of university. When I went to university, it had much in common with the Soviet Union. You had to queue for hours for awful food, people banged on about id
42、eology a lot and, everybody seemed to be pretty much on an equal footing, socially and economically. It doesn“t seem to be that way these days, according to reports from my daughters and their friends. At Edinburgh, Durham, Bristol and Exeter, the private school kids seem to hang out mostly with the
43、 private school kids and the state school kids with the state school kids. The twain do meet a bit, at lectures and tutorials, through societies and in pubs and clubs. But most of their social lives seem to be conducted in bubbles similar to those in which they spent their secondary school lives. Th
44、is has happened not because young people are more tribal than older ones but because universities have been marketised. In the old days they got their income from the state; now they are quasi-businesses. This leads them to behave like profit-maximising firms and offer a range of products to their c
45、ustomers. They can make more money from selling their Finest accommodation to the well-off and Value to the hard-up than if they offered their Value product across the board. So these days the upscale student does not have to queue for tepid showers: if she wants a double bed and ensuite bathroom, s
46、he will get it. There are, therefore, big price differences between halls of residence at these universities, the most expensive accommodation costs up to three times the price of the cheapest. Not surprisingly, social stratification follows the money. At Edinburgh (30% private overall), you can pay
47、 7,444 at Chancellors Court (70% private). That compares with 2,324 for the cheapest non-catered shared room the university offers. At Exeter (33% private overall), you can pay 200-plus a week at Holland Hall (60% private) or 104 at St David“s (5% private). At Bristol (40% private overall), Churchil
48、l Hall (70% private) cost 186 a week; Favell House (22% private) costs 127 a week. At Durham things seem more mixed. Although there is a wide range of prices the university is divided into Oxbridge-style colleges, which students end up in partly by choice and partly by random allocation. That may be
49、 why my daughter studying at Durham says a quarter of her friends are from state school, while my daughter at Edinburgh says 5% of hers are. I am not a Stalinist. I do not believe in the forced break-up of communities. I have no desire to destroy the bonds of affection that tradition and habit have created. I understand that people are tribal and that social stratification is natural. But university is an unnatural experience. That is the whole point of it. It is why we send these near-adults away from home for the third phase of their education. They have jumped through
