1、上海市高级口译第一阶段笔试模拟 24及答案解析(总分：-16.98，做题时间：90 分钟)一、SECTION 1 LISTENING (总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part A Spot Dictatio(总题数：1，分数：-1.00)Malaria is a very serious disease that kills more children under the age of five than any other disease. People get malaria when they are bitten by 1 called mosquitoes. The mosquit
2、oes 2 which enter a person“s blood and cause malaria. Carter Dibbs is an American doctor who works on the 3 for the United States Agency for International Development. Doctor Dibbs says the parasite that causes malaria is much 4 , such as the virus that causes polio. He says the malaria parasite 5 s
3、o that it is more difficult to make a vaccine that is safe and will 6 . Malaria vaccines are now 7 in Burkina Faso and Mall. Vaccines are being tested on children in Mozambique and Mall. Many organizations are 8 . They include U, S. A. I. D, the American military, American health organizations, 9 .
4、To make sure that a vaccine will 10 , it must be tested on many people in many different places. Doctor Dibbs says the people who join the vaccine tests are as important to 11 as the scientists. People are told about the tests during public meetings 12 . Doctor Dibbs says people should 13 that could
5、 happen to their bodies if they take the medicine that is being tested. Adults or parents of children must agree to the vaccine test. Adults receive 14 the vaccine medicine. The children receive either the malaria vaccine or a different medicine that 15 a different disease. Then health care workers
6、16 to see if they show any signs of malaria. The results of the tests must be compared to people who have not 17 . The vaccine is successful if 18 who receive it do not show any signs of malaria for one year. Then the United States government will be asked to 19 . However, it could still take anothe
7、r five years before 20 to give to all the children in Africa and around the world. （分数：-1.00）三、Part B Listening Com(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Questions 1 to 5 are(总题数：1，分数：-1.00)（分数：-1.00）A.They are a group of astronauts.B.They are several scientists who are interested in the moon.C.They are a group of scient
8、ists and engineers who study Mars.D.They are NASA staff.A.They are trying to find another planet for human beings to live on.B.They are looking for fossils on Mars.C.They are sending robots to Mars.D.They are digging underground the Mars.A.Because robots will not be able to communicate with life on
9、Mars.B.Because robots are not as good as human beings are at digging underground for life on Mars.C.Because human beings are as intelligent as robots.D.Because robots cannot set up colonies on Mars.A.Scientists from “Mars Underground“ want to stay on Mars for a lifetime.B.Scientists from “Mars Under
10、ground“ have been paying attention to the manned missions that we have been sending to Mars.C.Even if there is any life on Mars, it is not an intelligent one.D.We will send astronauts to Mars within ten years.A.Dry lake beds.B.Dry river channels.C.Places which thermal systems.D.Parks and gardens.五、Q
11、uestions 6 to 10 ar(总题数：1，分数：-1.00)（分数：-1.00）A.Blizzard.B.Airplane crash.C.Heavy rain.D.Tsunami.A.Nike has the ambition to become the number one brand in soccer.B.Soccer-related business has become the focus of Nike.C.Nike is bigger than Adidas in soccer-related business.D.Competition between Nike a
12、nd Adidas is getting more and more intense.A.minimally 15B.over 1,000C.more than 5,000D.not specifiedA.To prove to donors that the Global Fund to Fight AIDS is working efficiently.B.To spend enough money to fight AIDS.C.To hold a special session of the UN General Assembly.D.To create a global fund t
13、o fight AIDS.A.To buy a British company that operates terminals at several US ports,B.To refuse to get involved in a fire storm on Capitol Hill.C.To take over some operations at six US ports.D.To alleviate the suspicion and challenge from the US Congress.六、Questions 11 to 15 a(总题数：1，分数：-1.00)（分数：-1.
14、00）A.The unusual habits of the centenarians.B.How to live to be 100?C.The incredible groups of senior citizens.D.How to be young forever?A.Because more people are living beyond their expectations.B.Because scientist are very much interested in it.C.Because more people are not living as long as they
15、expected.D.Because researchers found centenarians always have unconventional hobbies.A.Optimism.B.Mobility.C.Genetics.D.Strength to adapt to loss.A.All the residents studied have unusual hobbies.B.All the centenarians studied ate a highly nutritious diet.C.Some of the centenarians suggest that peopl
16、e drink alcohol and eat pork in order to live a long life.D.Most of the studied centenarians“ friends are still alive.A.Try not to lose any of your family members.B.Learn to relax yourself now and then.C.Do some sort of regular physical activity everyday.D.Always find something to laugh about.七、Ques
17、tions 16 to 20 a(总题数：1，分数：-1.00)（分数：-1.00）A.It is produced by famous people.B.It gives advice about life.C.It“s expressed in myths, fairy tales, legends and songs.D.It is extremely humorous.A.They have different opinions about life.B.They have different opinions about humor.C.They have different mor
18、al principles.D.They have different ways of expressing folk wisdom.A.They are elegant and wise short sayings.B.Franklin is best at “horse sense“ humor.C.It was started by Abraham Lincoln.D.It“s in the form of simple commonsense humor.A.To prove that many popular ideas were actually harmful.B.To infl
19、uence people in power.C.To show everyone else“s mistakes.D.To irritate and make fun of people.A.Because most people didn“t know he was going to die.B.Because he thought it would be fun to tell people that he was dying while he was not.C.Because he wanted to show that he was stronger than people in p
20、ower.D.Because he wanted to prove that the reports were misleading again.八、SECTION 2 READING TE(总题数：0，分数：0.00)Midway through the first decade of the 21st century, economic growth is pulling millions out of poverty. Growth, so devoutly desired yet often so elusive for developing countries, is occurri
21、ng in China and India on a heroic scale. Yet once affluence is achieved, its value is often questioned. In the l960s and 1970s, economists started worrying about environmental and social limits to growth. Now Avner Offer, professor of economic history at Oxford University, has added a weighty new cr
22、itique to this tradition. “The Challenge of Affluence“ accepts that the populations of poor countries gain from growth, but says that the main benefits of prosperity are achieved at quite modest levels. Its central thesis is that rising living standards in Britain and America have engendered impatie
23、nce, which undermines well-being. The fruits of affluence are bitter ones, and include addiction, obesity, family breakdown and mental disorders. The claim is as ambitious as it is pessimistic. Professor Offer, who has an unorthodox academic background (before embarking on his academic career he wor
24、ked as a soldier, farmer and conservation worker in his native Israel), is unafraid to challenge economic orthodoxy. He gives short shrift to the rational decision-makers of economic models, arguing that consumers are myopic creatures easily tempted by the lures of immediate satisfaction. As societi
25、es become wealthier, traditions and institutions that bolster commitment and far-sighted behavior are eroded. Individuals increasingly live for today rather than tomorrow. Prudence may have built up affluence, but affluence is no friend of prudence. Professor Offer buttresses his theoretical challen
26、ge with a large casebook from America and Britain. Drug addiction, which “shows how choice is fallible“ is widespread. Obesity rates have risen alarmingly, in large measure because of the availability of fast food. The swift adoption of television in American homes after the Second World War is cont
27、rasted with the slower spread of appliances like dishwashers. This, he says, shows consumers“ preference for time-using devices of “sensual arousal“ over time-saving investments around the home. Falling saving rates, rising divorce figures and much else besides are yoked to the argument. The book fa
28、ils to convince, however, both in its challenge to mainstream economics and in its interpretation of the historical evidence. Choices may multiply with the growth of affluence, but there is nothing new in the tension between impatience and prudence. Behavioral economics is now helping to explain the
29、 common tendency to procrastinate over decisions such as joining retirement saving plans that would be in individuals“ long-term interest. However, this body of work is best understood as a set of exceptions that modifies but leaves intact the canonical model of rational choice, not least since it i
30、s irrational to suppose that people in general behave irrationally. Furthermore, there is little reason to believeand scant evidence to supportthe notion that behavior becomes more myopic as societies get richer. Rather, individuals face new and difficult challenges that they succeed, by and large,
31、in meeting. One example is rising enrolment in higher education. By choosing to study rather than to work, students are sacrificing short-term income and greater consumption in order to secure higher living standards in the future. Another example of far-sighted behaviour and self-control is the inv
32、estment that people make in their own health by adopting new lifestyles. Despite the addictiveness of nicotine, the prevalence of smoking has plunged as consumers have become better informed about its risks. Individuals are also investing in their health through more exercise and better diet. Fast-f
33、ood chains have stumbled as more and more consumers reject unhealthy meals. Obesity rates among American women have stabilised, an early sign of a turning-point in the great fattening of society. Professor Offer“s broader message of gloom and foreboding is unwarranted. Measures indicating that well-
34、being stalls beyond a certain modest level of affluence take no account of rising expectations, which are a virtue in themselves. Not only is prosperity welcome in itself but it contributes to rising life expectancy, another extraordinary boon, not least because prosperity brings with it improved he
35、alth care, Equally important, it extends horizons and widens opportunities for more and more people. Affluence may present new challenges but they are a lot better than the alternative.（分数：-1.00）(1).What is the best rifle of the passage?（分数：-0.20）A.The perils of prosperityB.Fruits of affluenceC.Grow
36、th and its social effectsD.Prosperity and environment(2).In the sentence “He gives short shrift to the rational decision-makers of economic models“ (Para. 3), the expression “give a short shrift to“ can be paraphrased as _.（分数：-0.20）A.he gives detailed illustration of the point.B.he pays little atte
37、ntion to the point.C.he writes a short paragraph about the point.D.he ends with a brief but warm discussion about the point.(3).The expression “The claim is as ambitious as it is pessimistic.“ can be best paraphrased as which of the following?（分数：-0.20）A.the claim is both ambitious and pessimistic.B
38、.the claim is more ambitious than pessimistic.C.the claim is either ambitious and pessimisticD.the claim is more pessimistic than ambitious.(4).Which of the following is not the consequence of prosperity?（分数：-0.20）A.obesity rates have risen greatly.B.more and more people are addicted to drugs.C.divo
39、rce rates are rising.D.consumers“ preference for time-saving devices(5).What is the function of the last paragraph?（分数：-0.20）A.a summary of the whole passageB.a repetition of the views expressedC.a challenge to the views expressedD.an intensification of the theme of the essayMartin Hughes is not you
40、r typical hybrid-driving, clean-energy fanatic. Hughes and his wife, both longtime oil-industry veterans, zoom around Houston in no-compromise vehicles. His, a Nissan Xterra SUV. Hers, a zippy Volkswagen Passat. Yet when Hughes heard last year about an environmental startup called TerraPass Inc. , h
41、e was intrigued. The Menlo Park (Calif.) company sells “green tags,“ which cost up to $80 a year and which are designed to offset the emissions a car spews into the air during that period. After taking a small cut of each sale, TerraPass pools its members“ fees and invests them in clean energy produ
42、ction, including wind power. Hughes checked out the service online last August and then forked over $129 for two TerraPass windshield decals. “I was impressed,“ he says. “It“s a for-profit product that allows you to exercise your conscience.“ TerraPass is channeling the good intentions of individual
43、 consumers concerned about carbon emissions, which are linked with global warming. U. S. companies are also adopting the certificates, in part because they wish to cater to this growing, green constituency. But the tags, which are now America“s fastest-growing alternative-energy product, aren“t simp
44、ly a marketing vehicle. U. S. businesses have watched Europe and Japan adopt tough regulations on carbon emissions and say the tags could help them prepare for similar developments in the U. S. Starbucks Corp. has been a leader in the green-tag movement, mainly because renewable power is still hard
45、to come by. Last year, Starbucks made a pledge to buy 20% of the annual electric power for its North American storesabout 150 million kilowatt hoursfrom renewable sources. But no single wind farm can service all 8,400 of its U. S. coffee shops. In fact, many Starbucks have no means of hooking up to
46、any renewable power producer. So Starbucks stores continue to consume power as usual, but the company passes an extra payment of less than half a cent per kwh to a middleman called 3 Phases Energy Services in San Francisco. 3 Phases redistributes funds to 40 wind farms across the country, then issue
47、s a certificate. With this subsidy, the farms cut the price of their power and boost sales to local customers. The net effect: Nationwide, an amount of power equal to Starbucks“ purchase is shifted to wind and away from conventional “dirty“ sources. A host of companies is now using this clever type
48、of transaction to meet renewable energy targets, slash emissions, and make their brands stand out. Whole Foods Market Inc. , based in Austin, Tex. , turned to certificates in January, when it decided to offset 100% of its energy consumption with renewables. Whole Foods quickly became the biggest cor
49、porate buyer of such tags in the U. S. Safeway, Liz Claiborne, and HSBC have also made major pledges in the past year. “We“ll see more and more reliance on (tags)“ in coming months, says Blair Swezey, a policy adviser at the U. S. National Renewable Energy Laboratory in Golden, Colo. Green tags come with a cost. For big purchases, the certificates can tack an extra 0.5% to 8% onto an energy bill. “It“s not a financial hardship, but it is an incremental amount of money that“s not required,“ says Steve McDougal, senior manager of business development at 3 Phases, which also supplies gre
