1、上海市高级口译第一阶段笔试分类模拟笔记题(八)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Note-taking and Gap-(总题数：0，分数：0.00)ALackner, a 1 energy expert at Columbia University, has designed an 2 tree that soaks up carbon dioxide from the air using “leaves“ 1,000 times more efficient than true leaves. He explains: The leaves are 3 in a r
2、esin that contains sodium carbonate, which pulls carbon dioxide out of the air and stores it as a bicarbonate on the leaves. To remove the carbon dioxide, the leaves are 4 in water 5 and can dry naturally in the wind, soaking up more carbon dioxide. He 6 that our total 7 could be removed with 100 mi
3、llion trees. The removed carbon dioxide can be 8 and stored; however, there isn“t enough space to store it. But 9 are coming up with 10 , for example, peridotite, which is a great 11 of carbon dioxide. Another 12 could be the basalt rock 13 , which contain 14 gas bubbles. 15 carbon dioxide into thes
4、e bubbles causes it to form 16 limestone. However, Lackner thinks the gas is very useful and it can be used to make 17 fuels for transport 18 . We have the technology to suck carbon dioxide out of the air, and keep it out, but whether it is economically 19 is a different question. We have to decide
5、whether the cost of the technology is socially and economically 20 the price. （分数：50.00）BToday, I want to discuss underground water. We wouldn“t like to take out more than naturally comes into it. The 1 is that if you only take as much out as comes in, you“re not going to 2 the amount of water that
6、stores 3 there. Right? Wrong. That“s the 4 called safe yield. We can 5 as much water out as naturally flows back in. And the recharge 6 doesn“t change. So the 7 is we“ve reduced the amount of water that stores in the underground system. If you keep doing that long, if you 8 as much water out as natu
7、rally comes in, 9 the underground water level will 10 . In the underground systems there are natural discharge points. Well, a drop of water 11 can mean those discharge points will 12 dry up. Sustainability and safe yield are 13 , because what sustainability means is that it“s sustainable for all sy
8、stems that 14 on the water, for the people who use it, and for 15 water to the 16 , like some streams. So, if we are using a safe yield 17 , we“re only 18 what we take out with what gets recharged, but don“t forget water also flows out. Then the underground amount gradually gets reduced and that is
9、going to lead to another problem, the 19 and streams are going to 20 up. （分数：50.00）上海市高级口译第一阶段笔试分类模拟笔记题(八)答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Note-taking and Gap-(总题数：0，分数：0.00)ALackner, a 1 energy expert at Columbia University, has designed an 2 tree that soaks up carbon dioxide from the air using “leaves“
10、 1,000 times more efficient than true leaves. He explains: The leaves are 3 in a resin that contains sodium carbonate, which pulls carbon dioxide out of the air and stores it as a bicarbonate on the leaves. To remove the carbon dioxide, the leaves are 4 in water 5 and can dry naturally in the wind,
11、soaking up more carbon dioxide. He 6 that our total 7 could be removed with 100 million trees. The removed carbon dioxide can be 8 and stored; however, there isn“t enough space to store it. But 9 are coming up with 10 , for example, peridotite, which is a great 11 of carbon dioxide. Another 12 could
12、 be the basalt rock 13 , which contain 14 gas bubbles. 15 carbon dioxide into these bubbles causes it to form 16 limestone. However, Lackner thinks the gas is very useful and it can be used to make 17 fuels for transport 18 . We have the technology to suck carbon dioxide out of the air, and keep it
13、out, but whether it is economically 19 is a different question. We have to decide whether the cost of the technology is socially and economically 20 the price. （分数：50.00）解析：sustainable 听力原文 Klaus Lackner, director of the Lenfest Center for Sustainable Energy at Columbia University, has come up with
14、a technique that he thinks could solve the problem of carbon dioxide emissions. He has designed an artificial tree that passively soaks up carbon dioxide from the air using “leaves“ that are 1,000 times more efficient than true leaves that use photosynthesis. “We don“t need to expose the leaves to s
15、unlight for photosynthesis like a real tree does,“ he explains. “So our leaves can be much more closely spaced and overlapped, even configured in a honeycomb formation to make them more efficient.“ The leaves look like sheets of papery plastic and are coated in a resin that contains sodium carbonate
16、, which pulls carbon dioxide out of the air and stores it as a bicarbonate (baking soda) on the leaf. To remove the carbon dioxide, the leaves are rinsed in water vapor and can dry naturally in the wind, soaking up more carbon dioxide. He calculates that his tree can remove one ton of carbon dioxide
17、 a day. Ten million of these trees could remove 3.6 billion tons of carbon dioxide a year, equivalent to about 10% of our global annual carbon dioxide emissions. Our total emissions could be removed with 100 million trees, whereas we would need 1,000 times that in real trees to have the same effect.
18、 If the trees were mass-produced they would each initially cost around $20,000, just below the price of the average family car in the United States. And each would fit on a truck to be positioned at sites around the world. The great thing about the atmosphere is it“s a good mixer, so carbon dioxide
19、produced in an American city can be removed in Oman. The carbon dioxide from the process can be cooled and stored; however, many scientists are concerned that even if we did remove all our carbon dioxide, there isn“t enough space to store it securely in saline aquifers or oil wells. But geologists a
20、re coming up with alternatives. For example, peridotite, which is a mixture of serpentine and olivine rock, is a great sucker of carbon dioxide, sealing the absorbed gas as stable magnesium carbonate mineral. In Oman alone, there is a mountain that contains some 30,000 cubic km of peridotite. Anothe
21、r option could be the basalt rock cliffs, which contain holes, solidified gas bubbles from the basalt“s formation from volcanic lava flows millions of years ago. Pumping carbon dioxide into these ancient bubbles causes it to react to form stable limestonecalcium carbonate. These carbon dioxide absor
22、ption processes occur naturally, but on geological timescales. To speed up the reaction, scientists are experimenting with dissolving the gas in water first and then injecting it into the rocks under high pressures. However, Lackner thinks the gas is too useful to petrify. His idea is to use the car
23、bon dioxide to make liquid fuels for transport vehicles. Carbon dioxide can react with water to produce carbon monoxide and hydrogena combination known as syngas because it can be readily turned into hydrocarbon fuels such as methanol or diesel. The process requires an energy input, but this could b
24、e provided by renewable sources, such as wind energy. We have the technology to suck carbon dioxide out of the air, and keep it out, but whether it is economically viable is a different question. These trees would do the job for around $200 per ton of removed carbon dioxide, dropping to $30 a ton as
25、 the project is scaled up. At that price, which has been criticized as wildly optimistic, it starts to make economic sense for oil companies who would pay in the region of $100 per ton to use the gas in enhanced oil recovery. Ultimately, we have to decide whether the cost of the technology is social
26、ly worth the price, and that social price is likely to fall as climate change brings its own mounting costs. Economically too, if the price of carbon rises, then this could lead to two effects. Investing in air capture will likely be seen as an equivalent to “avoided emissions“. And then it will bec
27、ome a worthy investment.解析：artificial解析：coated解析：rinsed解析：vapor解析：calculates解析：emissions解析：cooled解析：geologists解析：alternatives解析：sucker解析：option解析：cliffs解析：solidified解析：Pumping解析：stable解析：liquid解析：vehicles解析：viable解析：worthBToday, I want to discuss underground water. We wouldn“t like to take out more
28、than naturally comes into it. The 1 is that if you only take as much out as comes in, you“re not going to 2 the amount of water that stores 3 there. Right? Wrong. That“s the 4 called safe yield. We can 5 as much water out as naturally flows back in. And the recharge 6 doesn“t change. So the 7 is we“
29、ve reduced the amount of water that stores in the underground system. If you keep doing that long, if you 8 as much water out as naturally comes in, 9 the underground water level will 10 . In the underground systems there are natural discharge points. Well, a drop of water 11 can mean those discharg
30、e points will 12 dry up. Sustainability and safe yield are 13 , because what sustainability means is that it“s sustainable for all systems that 14 on the water, for the people who use it, and for 15 water to the 16 , like some streams. So, if we are using a safe yield 17 , we“re only 18 what we take
31、 out with what gets recharged, but don“t forget water also flows out. Then the underground amount gradually gets reduced and that is going to lead to another problem, the 19 and streams are going to 20 up. （分数：50.00）解析：implication 听力原文 Last week we discussed some key terms widely used in dealing wit
32、h environmental protection. I“m sure they are still fresh in your mind. Right? So in today“s environmental science class, I want to discuss a few other terms here, actually some ideas about how we manage our resources. Let“s talk about what that means. If we take resources like water, now maybe we s
33、hould get a little bit more specific here, back from more general cases and talk about underground water in particular. So hydro geologists have tried to figure out how much water can we take out from underground sources. That has been an important question. Let me ask you guys, how much water, base
34、d on what you know so far, could you take out of, say, an aquifer under the city. As much as what gets recharged? OK. So we wouldn“t like to take out more than naturally comes into it. The implication is that, well, if you only take as much out as comes in, you“re not going to deplete the amount of
35、water that stores in there. Right? Wrong. But that“s the principle. That“s the idea behind how we manage our water supplies. It“s called safe yield. Basically what this message says is that you can pump as much water out of the system as naturally recharges, as naturally flows back in. So this princ
36、iple of safe yield is based on balancing what we take out with what gets recharged. But what it does is it ignores how much water naturally comes out of the system. In a natural system a certain amount of recharge comes in and a certain amount of water naturally flows out through springs, streams an
37、d lakes, and over the long term the amount that“s stored in the aquifer doesn“t really change much. It“s balanced. Now humans come in and start taking water out of the system. How have we changed the equation? It“s not balanced any more? Right. We take water out but water also naturally flows out. A
38、nd the recharge rate doesn“t change. So the result is we“ve reduced the amount of water that stores in the underground system. If you keep doing that long enough, if you pump as much water out as naturally comes in, gradually the underground water level will drop. And when that happens, they can“t f
39、ix service water. How? Well, in underground systems there are natural discharge points, places where the water flows out from the underground systems, out of lakes and streams. Well, a drop of water level can mean those discharge points will eventually dry up, and that means water“s not getting to l
40、akes and streams that depend on it. So we end up reducing the surface water supply, too. You know, in the state of Arizona, we“re managing some major water supplies with the principle of safe yield and under this method they will eventually dry up the natural discharge points of those aquifer system
41、s. Now, why is this issue? Well, aren“t some of you going to want to live in the state for a while? Won“t your kids grow up here, and your kids“ kids? You may be concerned with “Does Arizona have water supply which is sustainable?“ Key word here. What does “sustainable“ mean? The general definition
42、of “sustainable“ is whether it is enough to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of the future to have the availability to have the same resources. Now, I hope you see these two ideas are incompatible: sustainability and safe yield. Because what sustainability means is that
43、 it“s sustainable for all systems that depend on the water, for the people who use it, and for supplying water to the dependent, like some streams. So I“m going to repeat this. So, if we are using a safe yield method, we“re only balancing what we take out with what gets recharged, but don“t forget,
44、water also flows out naturally. Then the amount stored underground gradually gets reduced, and that is going to lead to another problem: the lakes and streams are going to dry up. OK?解析：deplete解析：in解析：principle解析：take解析：rate解析：result解析：pump解析：gradually解析：drop解析：level解析：eventually解析：incompatible解析：depend解析：supplying解析：dependent解析：method解析：balancing解析：lakes解析：dry
