1、上海市中级口译第一阶段笔试分类模拟题 11 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、TRANSLATION TEST(总题数：4，分数：100.00)1.A woman goes to work for a large corporation like IBM. She is intelligent, ambitious and hard-working. She is also good at solving problems. She likes the security of a definite salary and the security of knowing t
2、hat there will always be a defined job to be done, a definite direction in which to exert her abilities. Perhaps the consciousness that ability will be rewarded is also important. A man goes to work for the government service. He is competent and hard-working, but he is not ambitious. He does not li
3、ke to work under pressure or in a competitive environment. His real interests lie outside work in his lore of music. A brash young man who wants only to work for himself proceeds to set up his own business, starting with a hamburger franchise for which he borrows money. His satisfaction is to see th
4、ings happen. He wants to be able to make things happen. He wants to look at the accounts at the end of the month and see what has happened. He wants the maximum responsibility and the maximum reward; he does not mind the risk. It is the urge to bring something about that defines the entrepreneur. Th
5、is urge is not unlike that of the painter or writer. There is an urge to make something happen, something that was not there before. The medium chosen by the entrepreneur is action or operation. The aesthetic satisfaction is that of seeing something happening effectively, of seeing decisions correct
6、ly made. This satisfaction is made concrete by money. Money is the indicator of success but not necessarily the driving factor. The test would be simple: if an entrepreneur were suddenly given as much money as he wanted, would he stop his activities or use the money to develop new ones? History is v
7、ery much on the side of the new activities. The entrepreneur seeks out opportunities; he tries things out; he makes decisions based as much on hunch as on analysis. Quite often he starts up a successful business which grows to such a size that his entrepreneurial style of management is no longer the
8、 best and he has to resign if the company is to survive. Entrepreneurs are the risk element in society, the evolutionary element that brings about change as distinct from the operating element that keeps things ticking over. In too many countries they are discouraged as being greedy and selfish. （分数
9、：25.00）_2.The President of the United States of America has more power than any other president in the democratic worldexcept the French president. It is he who formulates foreign policy and prepares laws for the home front. He is leader of the nation and Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces. He r
10、epresents the USA and, since the USA is a superpower, the eyes of the whole world are on him. The fate of the world is in his hands, or so the world believes, and one careless, ill-prepared speech could precipitate a crisis. Actually, a great deal of the President“s power is controlled by Congress.
11、It is the Congress that declares war, not the President. Unlike the Prime Minister of Great Britain, or of Germany, he can make a treaty with a foreign power. But this treaty must be debated and agreed by Congress before it comes into force. The same control applies to laws at home. Congress has on
12、several occasions refused to ratify treaties or give approval to laws proposed by the President. Some Americans have the feeling that idealism has gone out of politics and that personal ambition and money have taken place. The election campaign for the Presidency is unique in the amount of money pou
13、red into it. The wooing of voters lasts for months. But before the campaign for the election of the President can begin, each political party has to choose its candidate for the Presidency. This can lead to some very close contests. Many aspiring to be elected as the party candidate employ top publi
14、c relations and advertising men, who invent clever catch phrases and set about “selling“ their man. There are whistle stop tours by train, by plane, by car. The candidate delivers countless speeches and shakes countless hands. Big money is necessary to support a presidential candidate“s campaign, an
15、d the candidate himself must be rich enough to pay his share. An attractive wife is an advantage, too. Money is also needed to become the governor of a state, or a successful Senator, or members of the House of Representatives. Yet from this small group many excellent men have become President, and
16、the same is true of members of Congress. It is unlikely that the President could ever become a dictator. Congress, the press and the people between them rule out such a possibility. Perhaps the most efficient safeguard of democracy is the Supreme Court, for one of its objects is to protect the indiv
17、idual against the government. It has the authority to cancel a law which it considers violates the Constitution. The court sits for at least four days a week, and any individual who has a grievance against the government can apply to it for help. （分数：25.00）_3.Americans are much more likely than citi
18、zens of other nations to believe that they live in a meritocracy. But this self-image is a fantasy: as a report in The Times last week pointed out, America actually stands out as the advanced country in which it matters most who your parents were, the country in which those born on one of society“s
19、lower rungs have the least chance of climbing to the top or even to the middle. And if you ask why America is more class-bound in practice than the rest of the western world, a large part of the reason is that our government falls down on the job of creating equal opportunity. The failure starts ear
20、ly: in America, the holes in the social safety net mean that both low-income mothers and their children are all too likely to suffer from poor nutrition and receive inadequate health care. It continues once children reach school age, where they encounter a system in which the affluent send their kid
21、s to good, well-financed public schools or, if they choose, to private schools, while less-advantaged children get a far worse education. Once they reach college age, those who come from disadvantaged backgrounds are far less likely to go to collegeand vastly less likely to go to a top-tier schoolth
22、an those luckier in their parentage. At the most selective, “tier 1“ schools. 74 percent of the entering class comes from the quarter of households that have the highest “socioeconomic status“; only 3 percent comes from the bottom quarter. And if children from our society“s lower rungs do manage to
23、make it into a good college, the lack of financial support makes them far more likely to drop out than the children of the affluent, even if they have as much or more native ability. One long-term study by the department of education found that students with high test scores but low-income parents w
24、ere less likely to complete college than students with low scores but affluent parentsloosely speaking, that smart poor kids are less likely than dumb rich kids to get a degree. It“s no wonder, then, that Horatio Alger stories, tales of poor kids who make good, are much less common in reality than t
25、hey are in legendand much less common in America than they are in Canada or Europe. Which brings me back to those who claim to believe in equality of opportunity. Where is the evidence for that claim? Think about it: someone who really wanted equal opportunity would be very concerned about the inequ
26、ality of our current system. He would support more nutritional aid for low-income mothers-to-be and young children. He would try to improve the quality of public schools. He would support aid to low-income college students. And he would support what every other advanced country has, a universal heal
27、th care system, so that nobody need worry about untreated illness or crushing medical bills. （分数：25.00）_4.Some people would say that the Englishman“s home is no longer his castle; that it has become his workshop. This is partly because the average English is keen on working with his own hands and pa
28、rtly because he feels, for one reason or another, that he must do for himself many household jobs for which, some years ago, he would have hired professional help. The main reason for this is a financial one: the high cost of labour has meant that the builders“ and decorators“ costs have reached a l
29、evel which makes them prohibitive for house. proud English people of modest means. So, if they wish to keep their houses looking bright and smart, they have to tackle some of the repairs and decorating themselves. As a result, there has grown up in the post-war years what is sometimes referred to as
30、 the “Do-it-yourself Movement“. The “Do-it-yourself Movement“ began with home decorating but has since spread into a much wider field. Nowadays there seem to be very few things that cannot be made by the “do-it-yourself“ method. A number of magazines and handbooks exist to show hopeful handymen of a
31、ll ages just how easy it is to build anything from a coffee table to a fifteen-foot(4.5 meters) sailing dinghy. All you need, it seems, is a hammer and a few nails. You follow the simple instructions step by step and, before you know where you are, the finished article stands before you, complete in
32、 every detail. Unfortunately, alas, it is not always quite as simple as it sounds! Many a budding “do-it-yourself“ has found to his cost that one cannot learn a skilled craftsman“s job overnight. How quickly one realizes, when doing it oneself, that a job which takes the skilled man an hour or so to
33、 complete takes the amateur handyman five to six at least. And then there is the question of tools. The first thing the amateur learns is that he must have the right tools for the job. But tools cost money. There is also the wear and tear on the nerves. It is not surprising then that many people hav
34、e come to the conclusion that the expense of paying professionals to do the work is, in the long run, more economical than “do-it-yourself“. （分数：25.00）_上海市中级口译第一阶段笔试分类模拟题 11 答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、TRANSLATION TEST(总题数：4，分数：100.00)1.A woman goes to work for a large corporation like IBM. She is i
35、ntelligent, ambitious and hard-working. She is also good at solving problems. She likes the security of a definite salary and the security of knowing that there will always be a defined job to be done, a definite direction in which to exert her abilities. Perhaps the consciousness that ability will
36、be rewarded is also important. A man goes to work for the government service. He is competent and hard-working, but he is not ambitious. He does not like to work under pressure or in a competitive environment. His real interests lie outside work in his lore of music. A brash young man who wants only
37、 to work for himself proceeds to set up his own business, starting with a hamburger franchise for which he borrows money. His satisfaction is to see things happen. He wants to be able to make things happen. He wants to look at the accounts at the end of the month and see what has happened. He wants
38、the maximum responsibility and the maximum reward; he does not mind the risk. It is the urge to bring something about that defines the entrepreneur. This urge is not unlike that of the painter or writer. There is an urge to make something happen, something that was not there before. The medium chose
39、n by the entrepreneur is action or operation. The aesthetic satisfaction is that of seeing something happening effectively, of seeing decisions correctly made. This satisfaction is made concrete by money. Money is the indicator of success but not necessarily the driving factor. The test would be sim
40、ple: if an entrepreneur were suddenly given as much money as he wanted, would he stop his activities or use the money to develop new ones? History is very much on the side of the new activities. The entrepreneur seeks out opportunities; he tries things out; he makes decisions based as much on hunch
41、as on analysis. Quite often he starts up a successful business which grows to such a size that his entrepreneurial style of management is no longer the best and he has to resign if the company is to survive. Entrepreneurs are the risk element in society, the evolutionary element that brings about ch
42、ange as distinct from the operating element that keeps things ticking over. In too many countries they are discouraged as being greedy and selfish. （分数：25.00）_正确答案：()解析：一个妇女去为一家大公司(如国际商用机器公司)工作。她有才智，有志向，工作勤奋。她还善于解决问题。她想得到一份稳定的薪金，知道总有指定的工作要做，知道自己施展才干的明确方向，她想要的就是这样的安全感。也许有一点也很重要，那就是她知道自己的才能会得到酬报。 一个男人
43、去为政府部门工作。他有能力，工作勤奋，但并没有什么雄心壮志。他不想做有压力的工作，也不想在竞争环境下工作。他真正的兴趣在工作以外，在于他所钟爱的音乐。 一个颇为自信的年轻人只想为自己工作，于是借钱开一家汉堡包特许经营店，做起了自己的生意。能使他感到满意的，是看到事情发生。他希望自己有能力使事情发生。他想在月底查查帐，看看发生了什么。他想做的是尽最大的责任，想得到的是最大的报酬；他不在乎冒险。 企业家之所以是企业家，就在于有创业的强烈欲望。这种欲望与画家或作家的创作欲望并无二致。企业家的欲望是使事情发生，使前所未有的事情发生。企业家选择的方式是行动，或者说是经营。他的无上乐趣所在，是看到一件事情
44、有效地进行，看到所做的决定正确无误。使他切实体会到这种乐趣的是金钱。金钱是成功的标志，但未必是动力。检验这一点很简单：如果一个企业家一下子得到了他想要的那么多钱，他是会歇业不干呢，还是会用这笔钱去开拓新的业务?历来的事实表明，企业家大多会拓展新的业务。 企业家寻求的是机会。他会作出种种尝试，他做决定靠的是分析，同样也凭直觉。常常发生这样的情况：一个企业家开办的公司获得成功，规模越做越大，而此时他的管理风格相形见绌，如果要使公司生存下去，他只有辞职。 企业家是社会的冒险份子，是给社会带来变化的演变因素，他们与使社会保持现状的执行者们截然不同。在许许多多国家，企业家被视为贪婪自私之徒而处处受阻。2
45、.The President of the United States of America has more power than any other president in the democratic worldexcept the French president. It is he who formulates foreign policy and prepares laws for the home front. He is leader of the nation and Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces. He represents
46、 the USA and, since the USA is a superpower, the eyes of the whole world are on him. The fate of the world is in his hands, or so the world believes, and one careless, ill-prepared speech could precipitate a crisis. Actually, a great deal of the President“s power is controlled by Congress. It is the
47、 Congress that declares war, not the President. Unlike the Prime Minister of Great Britain, or of Germany, he can make a treaty with a foreign power. But this treaty must be debated and agreed by Congress before it comes into force. The same control applies to laws at home. Congress has on several o
48、ccasions refused to ratify treaties or give approval to laws proposed by the President. Some Americans have the feeling that idealism has gone out of politics and that personal ambition and money have taken place. The election campaign for the Presidency is unique in the amount of money poured into it. The wooing of voters lasts for months. But before the campaign for the election of the President can begin, each political party has to choose it
