1、经济全球化+Economic+Globalization 及答案解析(总分：52.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、PART ONE(总题数：1，分数：8.00)A. Adam Smith claimed that market forces, not government controls, should determine the direction, volume, and composition of international trade. He argued that under free, unregulated trade, each nation should speciali
2、ze in producing those goods it could produce most efficiently. Some of these goods would be exported to pay for imports of goods that could be produced more efficiently elsewhere.B. Ricardo demonstrated that even though a nation held an absolute advantage in the production of two goods, the two coun
3、tries could still trade with advantages for each as long as the less efficient nation was not equally less efficient in the production of both goods. Note that the United States has an absolute advantage in producing rice and automobiles. Compared with the United States, Japan is less inefficient in
4、 automaking than in producing rice.C. Swedish economist, Stefan Linders demand-oriented theory stated that customers tastes are strongly affected by income levels, and therefore a nations income per capita level deter mines the kinds of goods they will demand. Because industry will produce goods to
5、meet this demand, the kinds of products manufactured reflect the countrys level of income per capita. Goods produced for domestic consumption will eventually be exported.D. Some countries have special strengths that make them the best place in the world for certain industries. This gives them an abs
6、olute advantage relative to competitors in other nations. Some countries can produce products more efficiently than others, giving them a comparative ad vantage. However, these advantages may change over time.E. It was an American firm, Ampex, that made the first VCRs, but because it charged so much
7、 ( $ 50,000), it sold only a few. Sony and Matsushita saw the market potential and worked for 20 years to make one to sell for $ 500. They reached that goal and cornered the market. The authors argue that the early success has gone to the companies that entered the market on aver age 13 years after
8、the “first movers“.（分数：8.00）(1).The Linder theory deduces that international trade in manufactured goods will be greater between nations with similar levels of per capita income than between those with dissimilar levels of per capita income.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.(2).It is about absolute advantage.（分数：1
9、.00）A.B.C.D.E.(3).Some management theorists argue that firms that enter the market first (first movers) will not soon dominate it.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.(4).It can be concluded that a nation having absolute disadvantages in the production of two goods with respect to another nation has a comparative adv
10、antage in the production of the good in which its absolute advantage is less.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.(5).The First Mover Theory were flawed because they were based on surveys of surviving firms and didnt include a large number of the true pioneers.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.(6).The goods that will be traded are
11、those for which there is an overlapping demand.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.(7).We infer that Japan had a comparative advantage in producing automobiles.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.(8).No single country can do everything well.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.E.二、PART TWO(总题数：1，分数：6.00)A. The same expression in Britain is a sign of sk
12、epticismB. but from a lack of awareness of the various interpretations different cultures ascribe to nonverbal forms of behaviorC. Culture has a powerful impact on peoples behaviorD. Of equal, and at times, greater importance is the knowledge of nonverbal communication, or body languageE. On the oth
13、er hand, if a Frenchman rubs the base of his nose with his forefingerF. A good way to become more aware of cross-cultural differences is to look at oneself through the eyes of people from other culturesG. Even clothing and colors are symbolic and have different meanings depending on the part of the
14、worldH. The use of gesticulations varies according to culture Beware of Body Language in Cross-Cultural SituationsAs the trade barriers come down in Europe and contact is increased, cross-cultural misunderstandings are bound to rise. As often as not, many of the misunderstandings in communications w
15、ill arise not from what is said, (9)Attaining fluency in a foreign language is often only half the battle when it comes to mastering effective cross-cultural communications. (10) This “silent language“, or the actions that accompany our words, includes such dimensions as touching, distance between s
16、peakers, facial expressions, speech inflection or volume, pauses, as well as hand and arm gestures. (11)Very seldom do we speak without an accompanying action in which hands invariably play a crucial role.(12) The Italians and the French are renowned for relying heavily on hand gestures to replicate
17、 or mimic ideas that they are simultaneously communicating in words. Germans often raise their eyebrows in recognition of a clever idea. (13)The French have some of the most expressive hand gestures. To symbolize exquisiteness, a Frenchman pinches his fingertips, raises them to his lips, and softly
18、tosses a kiss into the air with his chin held high. (14) ,hes warning “something smells bad, “ “be cautious, “ “we cant trust these people. “Very similar is the Italian gesture of tapping the side of the nose with the forefinger. Its meaning: Take care. There is danger ahead. They are getting crafty
19、. In the Netherlands, this gesture means Im drunk or youre drunk. In England, a forefinger tap on the side of the nose means conspiracy or secrecy.（分数：6.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_三、PART THREE(总题数：1，分数：6.00)The United States has long imported its food and fuel, its cars and clothes
20、. Now the faltering economy has sparked a push for another type of import: shoppers.For the first time, lawmakers, businesses and even White House officials are courting consumers from cash-rich countries such as China, India and Brazil to fill the nations shopping malls and pick up the slack for pe
21、nny-pinching Americans. They are wooing travelers with enticements such as coupons, beauty pageants and promises of visa reform. The payoff, they say, could be significant: 1.3 million new jobs and an $ 859 billion shot in the arm for the economy over the next decade.“Theyre their own little stimulu
22、s program, “ said David French, senior vice president for government relations at the National Retail Federation, a trade group. The trend underscores the depth of the United States reliance on countries once considered to be at the bottom of the glob al totem pole. The nation already counts on Chin
23、a and other countries to manufacture its goods, creating a $ 45 billion trade imbalance that is paid for with money borrowed from their coffers. Now officials are encouraging foreign travelers to buy some of those products back and a growing number are happy to oblige.Guo Hui, 37, who lives in Beiji
24、ng, recently returned home from a two-week tour of Yellow- stone National Park, Houston and Los Angeles. He estimated he spent $ 2,000 to rent a car and pay for gas and lodging for himself and his wife. Then there was the Ed Hardy T-shirt, the Apple laptop, the HP laptop, even baby food and formula
25、for his child, totaling an additional $ 6, 000.Still, Guo said prices are significantly cheaper than in China a pair of Adidas sneakers costs only $ 25 at a U. S. outlet mall. “For that price in China, you cant even buy counter feits, “ he said.In contrast, spending by American shoppers long conside
26、red the engine of the nations economy has slowed to a crawl as families struggle under high unemployment rates and de pressed home prices. The U. S. gross domestic product last year grew an anemic 3 percent, while Chinas and Indias shot up 10 percent. Brazils clocked in at about 7.5 percent.Those sh
27、ifting dynamics have spawned a movement to encourage foreigners to spend their newfound wealth in the United States, placing the country in the unfamiliar role of supplicant. Over the summer, President Obamas jobs council deemed international travel among the “lowhanging fruit“ for stimulating the e
28、conomy. The Corporation for Travel Promotion, a public-private partnership created by Congress last year, will announce next month the first U. S. advertising campaign to promote the nation as a tourist destination. Rebecca Blank, the acting commerce secretary, called tourism a key component of “Ame
29、ricas exports success story. /（分数：6.00）(1).What does America want to import from other countries recently?A. food and clothesB. raw materialsC. travelersD. labor forces（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Why did America prefer consumers from China, India and Brazil?A. Because the consumers from those countries oft
30、en pay for goods in cash.B. Because they have strong purchasing power.C. Because they find the quality of goods in America is better than that in their native countries.D. Because they hope that they can get preferential terms for visa.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What can we learn from paragraph 4&5?A. Chi
31、nese travelers are often purchasing when traveling in America.B. Chinese travelers are very fond of American brands.C. There are various goods for travelers to choose when shopping.D. Chinese travelers are sensitive to price.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which statement is not true about American buyers?A. A
32、merican buyers cant afford goods because of depressed home price.B. American buyers prefer goods of foreign countries.C. Many Americans are facing a serious problem of unemployment.D. American buyers made great contribution to American economy in the past.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Why is tourism called a
33、 key component of “Americas exports success story“ in the last paragraph, according to Rebecca Blank?A. The purchases of foreign shoppers are counted as exports on the countrys balance sheet.B. American exports a large number of goods to China, India and Brazil.C. American economy has been recovered
34、 by foreign shoppers.D. American economy largely relies on China and other countries to manufacture goods and export to America.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(6).What benefits can America get from importing shoppers according to the passage?A. There are more new jobs.B. American people have greater confidence in
35、 boosting their economy.C. Tourism promotes the national consumption.D. Both and.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.四、PART FOUR(总题数：1，分数：10.00)What Can You Ask When Youre HiringOnce upon a time, if a job applicant was sitting on the other side of your desk, you (21) . ask her about her disabilities and what it might
36、take to accommodate her in your company. This was true even if the applicants disability was obvious because she was in a wheelchair or using a seeing-eye dog. (22) . the applicant herself made reference to her disability, the employer was (23) , in what he could ask.(24) . things changed in October
37、 1995. Ten Equal Employment Opportunity Commission revised its guidelines for the American with Disabilities Act (ADA). With the new guidelines in place, it is (25) . for employers to make inquiries about obvious disabilities or ask questions if the applicant (26) . she is disabled or will require r
38、easonable accommodation.The idea behind the new guidelines, called “ADA Enforcement Guidance: Pre-employment Disability-Related Questions and Medical Examinations, “ is to allow employers to address the accommodation issue at the (27) . interview stage. However, the guidelines do not allow an employ
39、er to go on archeological digs through their applicants pasts. For example, an applicants workers-compensation history can be (28) . territory. And some questions about drug and alcohol use are off-limits, (29) . others are not. An employer may ask about current illegal use of drugs, because its not
40、 protected under the ADA. On the other hand, the employer needs to be very careful asking about drinking habits-information on how much the applicant drinks could indicate alcoholism, and (30) . is protected.The guidelines are available in a question-and-answer format from the EEOC. Asking the right
41、 questions at an early stage of the job-application process could save you, and your applicant, a lot of bother later on.（分数：10.00）(1).A. mustnt B. mightnt C. couldnt D. neednt（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. However B. Even if C. If D. If only（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. restricted B. limited C. confined D. boun
42、d（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. But B. As C. Although D. Since（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).A. probable B. imaginable C. feasible D. possible（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(6).A. reveals B. opens C. demonstrates D. discloses（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(7).A. initial B. primary C. first D. beginning（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(8).A. awkward B. sensiti
43、ve C. tricky D. confidential（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(9).A. as B. while C. when D. even though（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(10).A. this B. so C. which D. that（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.五、PART FIVE(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Expert Systems in the WorkplaceScience fiction writers have long imagined computers with humanlike intelligence, machi
44、nes that actually think (31) themselves. Well, theyre here, and theyre called expert systems. If youve (32) for a loan or a credit card recently or even had a can of Campbells soup, you may already have benefited (33) them.Like many computer programs, expert systems function primarily by going throu
45、gh hundreds of “if. then“ (34) doing the kinds of simple “thinking“ that we use to run our lives. But expert systems tackle questions more sophisticated than “Should I get up now?“ They help American Express decide whether to issue someone a credit card and they enable Hewlett- Packard to find flaws
46、 in faulty disk drivers in 30 seconds (35) than in days. They also help make scores of decisions at Digital Equipment Corp., ranging from how shifts in demand will affect production and inventory, to which accessories a customer will need with a mainframe order.Computer can do all this (36) they are
47、 programmed with facts about their subject and with rules that human experts use to make decisions based on those facts. These facts and rules make up the systems “knowledge base, “ (37) is, ideally, similar to the heedful of experiences and information that a human expert carries around. In fact, t
48、hats (38) knowledge bases come from. A “knowledge engineer“ endlessly questions human experts, trying to determine the facts and rules that the human uses to make a decision. The engineer then programs the computers knowledge base to mimic the humans. If all goes well, the computer becomes the novice (39) best friend, helping the employee make difficult decisions (40) calling in the boss or waiting until the technician is free.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_六、PART SIX(总题数：1，分数：12.00)Here Comes The Competition（分数：12.00）(1).T
