1、剑桥雅思考试第 11 版 A 类第四套真题及答案解析(总分：130.00，做题时间：175 分钟)一、LISTENING(总题数：4，分数：40.00)SECTION 1（分数：10）(1).There are seven questions biow.Complete the table below.Write ONE WORD AND/OR A NUMBER for each ansvver.Event Cost Venue NotesJazzbandExampleTickets availablefor 15.The 【A1】 schoolAlso appearing: Carolyn
2、Hart (plays the 【A2】 )Duckraces1 per duck Start behind the 【A3】 Prize: tickets for 【A4】 held at the end of the festival.Ducks can be bought in the 【A5】 FlowershowFree 【A6】 .HallPrizes presented at 5 pm by a well-known 【A7】 【A1】（分数：1）填空项 1:_(2).【A2】（分数：1）填空项 1:_(3).【A3】（分数：1）填空项 1:_(4).【A4】（分数：1）填空项
3、1:_(5).【A5】（分数：1）填空项 1:_(6).【A6】（分数：1）填空项 1:_(7).【A7】（分数：1）填空项 1:_(8).There are three questions biow.Who is each play suitable for?Write the correct letter, A, or C, next to Questions .A mainly for children mainly for adultsC suitable for people of all agesPlaysThe Mystery of Muldoon .（分数：1）填空项 1:_(
4、9).Fire and Flood .（分数：1）填空项 1:_(10).Silly Sailor .（分数：1）填空项 1:_SECTION 2（分数：10）(1).There are six questions biow.What does the speaker say about each of the following collections?Choose SIX answers from the box and write the correct letter, A-G , next to Questions .CommentsA was given by one person
5、was recently publicised in the mediaC includes some items given by members of the publicD includes some items given by the artistsE includes the most popular exhibits in the museumF is the largest of its kind in the countryG has had some of its contents relocatedCollections20th- and 21st-century pai
6、ntings .（分数：1）填空项 1:_(2).19th-century paintings .（分数：1）填空项 1:_(3).Sculptures .（分数：1）填空项 1:_(4).Around the worldexhibition .（分数：1）填空项 1:_(5).Coins .（分数：1）填空项 1:_(6).Porcelain and glass .（分数：1）填空项 1:_(7).There are four questions biow.Label the plan below.Write the correct letter，-H， next to Questions
7、.Basement of museumrestaurant .（分数：1）填空项 1:_(8).cafe .（分数：1）填空项 1:_(9).baby-changing facilities .（分数：1）填空项 1:_(10).cloakroom .（分数：1）填空项 1:_SECTION 3（分数：10）(1).Choose TWO letters, A-E.Which TWO characteristics were shared by the subjects of Joannas psychology study?A They had all won prizes for their
8、 music.B They had all made music recordings.C They were all under 27 years old.D They had all toured internationally.E They all played a string instrument.（分数：2）填空项 1:_(2).Choose TWO letters, A-E .Which TWO points does Joanna make about her use of telephone interviews?A It meant rich data could be c
9、ollected.B It allowed the involvement of top performers.C It led to a stressful atmosphere at times.D It meant interview times had to be limited.E It caused some technical problems.（分数：2）填空项 1:_(3).Choose TWO letters, A-E.Which TWO topics did Joanna originally intend to investigate in her research?A
10、 regulations concerning concert dressB audience reactions to the dress of performersC changes in performer attitudes to concert dressD how choice of dress relates to performer rolesE links between musical instrument and dress choice（分数：2）填空项 1:_(4).Choose the correct letter, A, or C.Joanna concentra
11、ted on women performers because（分数：1）A.women are more influenced by fashion,B.womens dress has led to more controversy,C.womens code of dress is less strict than mens.(5).Mike Frosts article suggests that in popular music，womens dress is affected by（分数：1）A.their wish to be taken seriously.B.their te
12、ndency to copy each other.C.their reaction to the masculine nature of the music.(6).What did Joannas subjects say about the audience at a performance?（分数：1）A.The musicians choice of clothing is linked to respect for the audience.B.The clothing should not distract the audience from the music.C.The au
13、dience should make the effort to dress appropriately.(7).According to the speakers, musicians could learn from sports scientists about（分数：1）A.the importance of clothing for physical freedom.B.the part played by clothing in improving performance.C.the way clothing may protect against physical injury.
14、SECTION 4There are ten questions biow.Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.The use of soil to reduce earbon dioxdo（CO 2）nin the atmosohereRattan Lai: Claims that 13% of CO2 in the atmosphere could be absorbed by agricultural soils Erosion is more likely in soil that is 【B1】 . Lai found soil in Africa
15、 that was very 【B2】 . It was suggested that carbon from soil was entering the atmosphereSoil and carbon: plants turn CO2 from the aiR into carbon-based substances such as 【B3】 . some C 2 moves from the【B4】 .of plants to microbes in the soil carbon was lost from the soil when agriculture was invented
16、Regen erative agriculture: uses established practices to make sure soil remains fertile and 【B5】 e.g. through year-round planting and increasing the 【B6】 .of plants that are grownCalifornia study: taking place on a big 【B7】 .farm uses compost made from waste from agriculture and 【B8】 .Australia stud
17、y: aims to increase soil carbon by using 【B9】 .that are always greenFuture d evelo p m en ts m ay include: reducing the amount of fertilizer used in farming giving farmers 【B10】.for carbon storage, as well as their produce（分数：10）(1).【B1】（分数：1）填空项 1:_(2).【B2】（分数：1）填空项 1:_(3).【B3】（分数：1）填空项 1:_(4).【B4】
18、（分数：1）填空项 1:_(5).【B5】（分数：1）填空项 1:_(6).【B6】（分数：1）填空项 1:_(7).【B7】（分数：1）填空项 1:_(8).【B8】（分数：1）填空项 1:_(9).【B9】（分数：1）填空项 1:_(10).【B10】（分数：1）填空项 1:_二、READING(总题数：3，分数：40.00)READING PASSAGE 1Research using twinsTo biomedical researchers all over the world, twins offer a precious opportunity to untangle the
19、influence of genes and the environment - of nature and nurture. Because identical twins come from a single fertilized egg that splits into two, they share virtually the same genetic code. Any differences between them -one twin having youngelooking skin, for example - must be due to environmental fac
20、tors such as less time spent in the sun.Alternatively, by comparing the experiences of identical twins with those of fraternal twins, who come from separate eggs and share on average half their DNA, researchers can quantify the extent to which our genes affect our lives. If identical twins are more
21、similar to each other with respect to an ailment than fraternal twins are, then vulnerability to the disease must be rooted at least in part in heredity.These two lines of research - studying the differences between identical twins to pinpoint the influence of environment, and comparing identical tw
22、ins with fraternal ones to measure the role of inheritance - have been crucial to understanding the interplay of nature and nurture in determining our personalities, behavior, and vulnerability to disease.The idea of using twins to measure the influence of heredity dates back to 1875, when the Engli
23、sh scientist Francis Galton first suggested the approach (and coined the phrase nature and nurture)，But twin studies took a surprising twist in the 1980sa with the arrival of studies into identical twins who had been separated at birth and reunited as adults. Over two decades 137 sets of twins event
24、ually visited Thomas Bouchards lab in what became known as the Minnesota Study of Twins Reared Apart. Numerous tests were carried out on the twins, and they were each asked more than 15,000 questions.Bouchard and his colleagues used this mountain of data to identify, how far twins were affected by t
25、heir genetic makeup. The key to their approach was a statistical concept called heritability.In broad terms, the heritability of a trait measures the extent to which differences among members of a population can be explained by differences in their genetics. And wherever Bouchard and other scientist
26、s looked, it seemed, they found the invisible hand of genetic influence helping to shape our lives.Lately, however, twin studies have helped lead scientists to a radical new conclusion: that nature and nurture are not the only elemental forces at work. According to a recent field called epigenetics,
27、 there is a third factor also in play, one that in some cases serves as a bridge between the environment and our genes, and in others operates on its own to shape who we are.Epigenetic processes are chemical reactions tied to neither nature nor nurture but representing what researchers have called a
28、 third component. These reactions influence how our genetic code is expressed: how each gene is strengthened or weakened, even turned on or off, to build our bones, brains and all the other parts of our bodies.If you think of our DNA as an immense piano keyboard and our genes as the keys -each key s
29、ymbolizing a segment of DNA responsible for a particular note, or trait, and all the keys combining to make us who we are - then epigenetic processes determine when and how each key can be struck, changing the tune being played.One way the study of epigenetics is revolutionizing our understanding of
30、 biology is by revealing a mechanism by which the environment directly impacts on genes. Studies of animals, for example, have shown that when a rat experiences stress during pregnancy, it can cause epigenetic changes in a fetus that lead to behavioral problems as the rodent grows up. Other epigenet
31、ic processes appear to occur randomly, while others are normal, such as those that guide embryonic cells as they become heart, brain, or liver cells, for example.Geneticist Danielle Reed has worked with many twins over the years and thought deeply about what twin studies have taught us. Its very cle
32、ar when you look at twins that much of what they share is hardwired/ she says. Many things about them are absolutely the same and unalterable. But it7s also clear, when you get to know them, that other things about them are different. Epigenetics is the origin of a lot of those differences, in my vi
33、ew.Reed credits Thomas Bouchards work for todays surge in twin studies. He was the trailblazer/ she says. ;We forget that 50 years ago things like heart disease were thought to be caused entirely by lifestyle. Schizophrenia was thought to be due to poor mothering. Twin studies have allowed us to be
34、more reflective about what people are actually born with and whats caused by experience.Having said that, Reed adds, the latest work in epigenetics promises to take our understanding even further. What I like to say is that nature writes some things in pencil and some things in pen/ she says. Things
35、 written in pen you cant change. Thats DNA. But things written in pencil you can. Thats epigenetics. Now that were actually able to look at the DNA and see where the pencil writings are, its sort of a whole new world.（分数：13）(1).There are four questions biow.Do the following statements agree with the
36、 information given in Reading Passage 1? In boxes on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information on thisThere may be genetic causes for the differences in how young the skin of identic
37、al twins looks.（分数：1）填空项 1:_(2).Twins are at greater risk of developing certain illnesses than non-twins.（分数：1）填空项 1:_(3).Bouchard advertised in newspapers for twins who had been separated at birth.（分数：1）填空项 1:_(4).Epigenetic processes are different from both genetic and environmental processes.（分数：
38、1）填空项 1:_(5).There are five questions biow.Look at the following statements (Questions ) and the list of researchers below.Match each statement with the correct researcher，A， or C.Write the correct letter，A， or C， in boxes on your answer sheetNB You may use any letter more than once.List of Research
39、ersA Francis Galton Thomas BouchardC Danielle Reedinvented a term used to distinguish two factors affecting human characteristics（分数：1）填空项 1:_(6).expressed the view that the study of epigenetics will increase our knowledge（分数：1）填空项 1:_(7).developed a mathematical method of measuring genetic influenc
40、es（分数：1）填空项 1:_(8).pioneered research into genetics using twins（分数：1）填空项 1:_(9).carried out research into twins who had lived apart（分数：1）填空项 1:_(10).There are four questions biow.Complete the summary using the list of words, A-F, below.Write the correct letter, A-F，in boxes on your answer sheetA nur
41、ture organs C codeD chemicals E environment F behaviour/behaviorEpigenetic processesIn epigenetic processes, 【C1】 influence the activity of our genes, for example in creating our internal 【C2】The study of epigenetic processes is uncovering a way in which our genes can be affected by our 【C3】One exam
42、ple is that if a pregnant rat suffers stress, the new-born rat may later show problems in its 【C4】 .【C1】（分数：1）填空项 1:_(11).【C2】（分数：1）填空项 1:_(12).【C3】（分数：1）填空项 1:_(13).【C4】（分数：1）填空项 1:_READING PASSAGE 2An Introduction to Film SoundThough we might think of film as an essentially visual experience, we r
43、eally cannot afford to underestimate the importance of film sound. A meaningful sound track is often as complicated as the image on the screen, and is ultimately just as much the responsibility of the director. The entire sound track consists of three essential ingredients: the human voice, sound ef
44、fects and music. These three tracks must be mixed and balanced so as to produce the necessary emphases which in turn create desired effects. Topics which essentially refer to the three previously mentioned tracks are discussed below. They include dialogue, synchronous and asynchronous sound effects,
45、 and music.Let us start with dialogue. As is the case with stage drama, dialogue serves to tell the story and expresses feelings and motivations of characters as well. Often with film characterization the audience perceives little or no difference between the character and the actor. Thus, for examp
46、le, the actor Humphrey Bogart is the character Sam Spade; film personality and life personality seem to merge. Perhaps this is because the very texture of a performers voice supplies an element of character.When voice textures fit the performers physiognomy and gestures, a whole and very realistic p
47、ersona emerges. The viewer sees not an actor working at his craft, but another human being struggling with life. It is interesting to note that how dialogue is used and the very amount of dialogue used varies widely among films. For example, in the highly successful science-fiction film 2001f little
