1、剑桥商务英语中级-140 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、READING(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、PART ONE(总题数：1，分数：7.00)ATeaching Pitmans ShorthandThis book provides everything the teacher in training, and in the classroom, needs to know about the present knowledge of the principles of learning and their theoretical and practical
2、 application to the teaching of Pitmans Shorthand. It covers the syllabuses for the Royal Society of Arts Teachers Certificate in Shorthand and the Joint Examining Boards Teachers Diploma in Shorthand.BObjective Tests in EconomicsThe objective form of testing is being used increasingly in public exa
3、minations. By employing the following objective methods the book will assist the teacher in testing students knowledge: multiple choice; multiple completion; matching; and assertion reason. The questions may be used with any textbook covering the examinations in economics O level, RSA (Stage 1) and
4、LCC (Intermediate).CTypingPerson can learn to type accurately and quickly in only a few hours. Type it! presents a speedy method of keyboard mastery followed by straight copy material which shows how to touch type for personal use without looking at the keyboard. Suitable for anyone who wishes to le
5、arn to touch type, the only prerequisite is intense concentration!DDescriptive EconomicsC. D. Harbury, Professor of Economics and Head of Department of Social Science and Humanities. City University Offers a comprehensive description of the British economy. The book summarizes the theory underlying
6、economics and the factual and institutional framework of the British economic system. Graphs, maps, charts and exercises help to illustrate and extend the text.（分数：7.00）(1).College students studying how to be a good teacher.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).A student trained to be a teacher of secretarial subject
7、s.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Companys typist.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).College students of economics.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).School students taking economics for School Certificate.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).The companys secretary.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).The teacher who teaching economics in college.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_三、PART TWO(
8、总题数：1，分数：5.00)Financial RisksSeveral types of financial risk are encountered in international marketing; the major problems include commercial, political and foreign exchange risks.Commercial risks are handled essentially as normal credit risks encountered in day-to-day business. They include solven
9、cy, default, or refusal to pay bills. The major risk, (8) which can only be dealt with through consistently effective management and marketing. One unique risk encountered by the international marketer involves financial adjustments. Such risk is encountered when a controversy arises about the quali
10、ty of goods delivered, a dispute over contract terms, or (9) . One company, for example, shipped several hundred tons of dehydrated potatoes to a distributor in Germany. The distributor tested the shipment and declared it to be below acceptable taste and texture standards. The alternatives for the e
11、xporter were reducing the price, reselling the potatoes, or shipping them home again, each involving considerable cost. Political risk relates to the problems of war or revolution, currency inconvertibility, expropriation or expulsion, and restriction or cancellation of import licenses. Political ri
12、sk is an environmental concern for all businesses. Management information systems and effective decision-making processes are the best defenses against political risk. As many companies have discovered, sometimes there is no way to avoid political risk, (10) .Exchange-rate fluctuations inevitably ca
13、use problems, but for many years, most firms could take protective action to minimize their unfavourable effects. Floating exchange rates of the worlds major currencies have forced all marketers (11) . International Business Machine Corporation, for example, reported that exchange losses resulted in
14、 a dramatic 21.6 percent drop in their earnings in the third quarter of 1981. (12) , devaluations of major currencies were infrequent and usually could be anticipated, but exchange rate fluctuations in the float system are daily affairs. A. After serious consideration B. commercial, political and fo
15、reign exchange risks. C. however, is competition D. any other disagreement over which payment is withheld E. to be especially aware of exchange-rate fluctuations and the need to compensate for them in their financial planning F. so marketers must be prepared to assume them or give up doing business
16、in a particular market G. Before rates were permitted to float（分数：5.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_四、PART THREE(总题数：1，分数：6.00)The Hardships of Operating A Small BusinessThe organisational weaknesses that entrepreneurs have to cope with every day would cause the managers of a mature company to
17、 panic, Bill Wilson wrote recently in Times. This seems to suggest that the leaders of entrepreneurial or small businesses must be unlike other managers, or the problems faced by such leaders must be the subject of a specialised body of wisdom, or possibly both, Unfortunately, neither is true. Not m
18、uch worth reading about managing the entrepreneurial or small business has been written, and the leaders of such businesses are made of flesh and blood, like the rest of us.Furthermore, little has been done to address the aspects of entrepreneurial or small businesses that are so difficult to deal w
19、ith and so different from the challenges faced by management in big business. In part this is because those involved in gathering expertise about business and in selling advice to businesses have historically been more interested in the needs of big business. In part, in the UK at least, it is also
20、because small businesses have always preferred to adapt to changing circumstances.The organisational problems of entrepreneurial or small businesses are thus forced upon the individuals who lead them. Even more so than for bigger businesses, the old saying is truethat people, particularly those who
21、make the important decisions, are a businesss most important asset. The research that does exist shows that neither money nor the ability to access more of it is the major factor determining growth. The main reason an entrepreneurial business stops growing is the lack of management and leadership re
22、source available to the business when it matters. Give an entrepreneur an experienced, skilled team and he or she will find the funds every time. Getting the team, though, is the difficult bit.Part of the problem for entrepreneurs is the speed of change that affects their businesses. They have to co
23、pe with continuous change yet have always been suspicious about the latest management solution. They regard the many offerings from business schools as out of date even before they leave the planning board and have little faith in the recommendations of consultants when they arrive in the hands of y
24、oung, inexperienced graduates. But such impatience with management solutions does not mean that problems can be left to solve themselves. However, the leaders of growing businesses are still left with the problem of who to turn to for advice.The answer is horribly simple: leaders of small businesses
25、 can ask each other. The collective knowledge of a group of leaders can prove enormously helpful in solving the specific problems of individuals. One leaders problems have certainly been solved already by someone else. These is an organisation called ZERO which enables those responsible for small bu
26、sinesses to meet. Its members, all of whom are chief executives, go through a demanding selection process, and then join a small group of other chief executives. They come from a range of business sectors and each offers a different corporate history. Each group is led by a moderator, an independent
27、ly selected businessman or woman who has been specially trained to head the group. Each member takes it in turn to host a meeting at his or her business premises and, most important of all, group discussions are kept strictly confidential. This spurs a free sharing of problems and increases the poss
28、ibility of solutions being unveiled.（分数：6.00）(1).According to the second paragraph, what has led to a lack of support for entrepreneurs?（分数：1.00）A.Entrepreneurs have always preferred to act independently.B.The requirements of big businesses have always taken priority.C.It is difficult to find soluti
29、ons to the problems faced by entrepreneurs.D.Entrepreneurs are reluctant to provide information about their businesses.(2).What does the writer say about entrepreneurs in the first paragraph?（分数：1.00）A.It is wrong to assume that they are different from other managers.B.The problems they have to cope
30、 with are specific to small businesses.C.They find it difficult to attract staff with sufficient expertise.D.They could learn from the organisational skills of managers in large companies.(3).What does the writer say is an additional problem for entrepreneurs in the fourth paragraph?（分数：1.00）A.They
31、rely on management systems that are out of date.B.They will not adopt measures that provide long-term solutions,C.They have little confidence in the business advice that is available.D.They do not take market changes into account when drawing up business plans.(4).What does the writer say about the
32、expansion of small businesses?（分数：1.00）A.Many small businesses do not produce enough profits to finance growth,B.Many employees in small businesses have problems working as part of a team.C.Being able to recruit the right people is the most important factor affecting growth.D.Leaders of small busine
33、sses lack the experience to make their companies a success.(5).The writer says that ZERO groups are likely to succeed because _.（分数：1.00）A.members are able to elect their leader.B.the leaders have received extensive training.C.members are encouraged to adopt a critical approach.D.information is not
34、passed on to non-members.(6).What does the writer say the members of the ZERO organisation provide?（分数：1.00）A.Advice on how to select suitable staff.B.A means of contacting potential clients.C.A simple checklist for analysing problems.D.Direct experience of a number of industries.五、PART FOUR(总题数：1，分
35、数：15.00)People ExpressPeople Express, founded in April 1981, grew rapidly on the basis of low fares and no-frills service. It soon became a leading airline and (19) changed the industry as firms constantly engaged in price wars to lure passengers. Then, People Express bubble (20) because it overexpa
36、nded, consumer complaints mounted and other airlines matched its fares on popular routes. In 1986, People Express (21) hundreds of millions of dollars and was forced to sell out to Texas Air, the owner of Continental and Eastern Airlines.In early 1987, Texas Air (22) People Express into its Continen
37、tal division and industry observers believed (23) the costly fare wars would be ended. They could not have been more wrong. To stimulate business for its (24) Continental Airlines, Texas Air instituted a new low fare category (25) MaxSaver. The fare offered prices that were up to 40 per cent lower t
38、han “supersaver“ rates offered (26) all airlines. For example, the round-trip MaxSaver fare from New York to Houston was $79. The MaxSaver fares were immediately matched by all major airlines, (27) feared losing business.While MaxSaver rates were low, they also had restrictions. Tickets could not be
39、 (28) or flight times modified after purchase. Passengers would have to stay over either a Saturday or Sunday, Reservations had to be made at least two days (29) and there were limited seats available. Three weeks after MaxSaver rates were (30) American Airlines announced plans to raise its discount
40、 fares and require 30-day (31) purchasing for its lowest fares. It felt it could not continue at the rates in effect. However, just 10 days (32) American Airlines had to revise its plan. Texas Air refused to abandon the MaxSaver fare; it even extended the program into the busy summer sea son. Compet
41、itors went along and the price war raged on, (33) an executives comment that “nobodys cost structure can survive MaxSavers./（分数：15.00）A.littleB.slowlyC.quickD.radicallyA.burstB.explodeC.openedD.disappearedA.gainedB.madeC.lostD.disappearedA.emergedB.mergedC.has combinedD.mixedA.whatB.whichC.whereD.th
42、atA.expandB.to extendC.expandedD.extendedA.calledB.callingC.to callD.calling onA.toB.forC.withD.byA.whatB.thatC.whichD.thisA.put offB.cancelingC.destroyedD.canceledA.beforeB.in advanceC.ahead ofD.laterA.introducedB.brought inC.taken inD.adaptedA.advancedB.beforeC.aheadD.prior toA.latelyB.laterC.late
43、D.latterA.despite ofB.despiteC.in spiteD.although六、PART FIVE(总题数：1，分数：12.00)The Importance of QualificationsYoung people and their parents are aware that it is increasingly necessary tohave good qualifications order to get a job nowadays. Going to university and34. into further education is consider
44、ed very important by both teenagers and their35. parents. 63% of teenagers in full-time education want to go on to university or36. further education, although this figure does decreases as young people37. approach this big decision. Young women in particular wish to enter the higher38. education wi
45、th three times as many girls continuing to studying in preference39. to going straight to work. Although family influence is still very important in40. helping the young in make career choices. Todays careers information and41. work experience play a mater part in decisions about his employment.42.
46、Over 80% of young people do not want to follow in their parents footsteps43. by going into the same jobs and 74% of parents would rather prefer their children to44. choose a different career to their own. Researchers were surprised by this result.45. And young people who do the same jobs as their pa
47、rents do not always live happily.（分数：12.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_七、WRITING(总题数：2，分数：10.00)1.PART ONEYou are the secretary of Mr Fred Jenkin, managing director of the company, You have been ask to make some changed to a previous notice abo
48、ut the Staff Annal Dance.Write a notice to the staff.Saying the date is Saturday 28 May not 21 May.Anouncing the place is Grand Hotel in Manchester instead of Metropole in Newmarket.Saying the time is from 8 p. m. till midnight.Write 4050 words on a separate sheet.（分数：5.00）_2.PART TWOYou are a clerk in a certain multinational corporation. You are asked t
