1、剑桥商务英语中级-111 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、READING(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、PART ONE(总题数：1，分数：7.00)A Through political dialogue and confidence building, no tension has escalated into armed confrontation among ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations) member countries since its establishment more than thr
2、ee decades ago. To build on what has been constructed over the years in the field of political and security cooperation, the ASEAN leaders have agreed to establish the ASEAN Security Community (ASC). The ASC aims to ensure that countries in the region live at peace with one another and with the worl
3、d in a just, democratic and harmonious environment. The members of the Community regard their security as fundamentally linked to one another and bound by geographic location, common vision and objectives.B EU (European Union) countries account for a small percentage of the worlds population. They m
4、ust therefore continue pulling together if they are to be able to compete on the world stage with other major economies。No individual EU country is strong enough to go it alone in world trade. The European single market provides companies with a vital platform for competing effectively on world mark
5、ets. Half a century of European integration has shown that the EU as a whole is greater than the sum of its parts: it has much more economic, social, technological, commercial and political clout than if its member states had to act individually.C NAFTA (The North American Free Trade Agreement) has
6、substantially liberalised trade in services and has opened government procurement markets, including procurement in services and construction markets. The agreement makes it illegal for the parties to discriminate between national and foreign producers in the trading of services, government markets
7、and investment. One prime benefit of NAFTA is that the NAFTA agreement encourages greater immigration between the three countries.D WTO (World Trade Organisation) rules, agreed by member countries, limit the role that governments can play in their national economies. These include the level of taxes
8、 charged on goods coming into a country, goods quotas, support for national industry, and subsidies for farmers, Virtually any economic policy (and some social policies) that a government can make is restricted by what is agreed at the WTO. This means that elected governments do not have a full rang
9、e of policy options open to themtheir range is narrowed by the WTO.（分数：7.00）(1).Each member state itself in this international organisation has less competitive edge.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Between the member states of this international organisation, government purchasing markets are opened to each oth
10、er.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).This international organisation pays special attention to the world peace and a harmonious environment for development.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).For member states in this international organisation, governmental activities are limited in their economy.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).This intern
11、ational organisation has existed for more than 30 years.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).For this international organisation, uniting as an integrated part makes it easier to face fierce international competition.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).In this international organisation, citizens in each country can migrate to the
12、other countries more freely.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_三、PART TWO(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Employee Motivation PrinciplesNo matter how experienced a leader you are, chances are at times you have struggled to motivate certain individuals. The granddaddy of motivation theory, Frederick Herzberg, called traditional motivati
13、on strategies “KITA“ (something similar to Kick In The Pants). He used the analogy of a dog. When the master wants his dog to move, he either gives it a nudge from behind, in which case the dog moves because it doesnt have much choice, or he offers it a treat as an inducement, in which case it is no
14、t so much motivated by wanting to move as by wanting choc drops! KITA does the job (though arguably not sustainable) but its hard work. Wouldnt it be better if the dog wanted to move by itself?(8) They are about keeping people moving either with a kick from behind (threats, fear, tough targets, and
15、complicated systems to supervise) or by offering choc drops (bonuses, grand presentations of the vision, conferences, campaigns, initiatives, etc).Employers should focus on recognition and reward, including benefits, as well as career development to boost efficiency. (9) They also tend to go the ext
16、ra mile for customers and are favourable about their organisation, becoming external advocates for their employers. (10) In fact, employers should be actively concerned about the significant minority of employees who are neither happy with their current job role nor their current employers, namely o
17、ne in four.Staff who are unhappy both with their role and their employers are likely to fall short in terms of levels of commitment, motivation, engagement, advocacy, loyalty and customer focus. (11) .The research findings show that employers should be focusing on critical improvement areas such as
18、recognition and reward (including benefits provision) as well as creating career development opportunities for employees in order to improve happiness levels within the workplace.(12) Our research has found that the combination of a bonus system, private medical insurance and flexible working are th
19、e most likely combination to boost efficiency. AA happy employer should therefore have a positive effect on productivity. BWith regard to benefits, specifically proving employees with the right package seems to be the key to promoting productivity. CTherefore, employees should be promoted to increas
20、e productivity. DIt is perceived as HR wisdom that happy employees are likely to be more motivated, engaged, committed, and loyal to their employers. ESo bosses need to act to avoid an unhappy spiral of poor performance. FTransferring this principle back into the workplace, most motivation strategie
21、s are “push“ or “pull“ based. GWouldnt it be better if the dog wanted to move by itself?（分数：5.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_四、PART THREE(总题数：1，分数：6.00)Reasons for International TradeForeign trade, the exchange of goods between nations, takes place for many reasons. Every nation wants the opp
22、ortunity to export its goods and services to other countries. A foreign outlet for sales enables a manufacturer or distributor to increase the volume of his business activity, thus increasing his chance to make a profit and increasing employment opportunities. Every nation also wants the opportunity
23、 and privilege of buying from foreign countries products and services that are scarce or unavailable at home that would be useful and beneficial to its people.Trading with other countries is not the same as trading within ones own country. At home a company or a bank is familiar with its own people,
24、 laws, and business practices. At abroad the picture becomes a complex one. Each country is different and therefore is said to carry different risks. Political risks, for example, relate to such varied factors as treaties, war, import quotas, and foreign exchange restrictions.In todays complex econo
25、mic world, neither individuals nor nations are self-sufficient. Nations have utilised different economic resources. People have developed different skills. This is the foundation of world trade and economic activity. So countries that do not have the resources within their own boundaries must buy fr
26、om countries that export them.Foreign trade also occurs because a country often does not have enough of a particular item to meet its needs. As far as the United States is concerned, it enjoys the most favourable position and has vast coal and oil reserves, but the United States is also a heavy cons
27、umer of nature resources, and it is increasingly reliant on certain imports, especially on oil. It consumes more than it can produce at home.If one nation can sell some items at a lower cost, the other countries would buy them. Japan. a highly industrialised nation, has been able to export large qua
28、ntities of automobiles because it can produce them efficiently than other countries. It is cheaper for some Western countries to buy these from Japan than to produce them domestically. Japan should produce and export those items from which it gets a comparative advantage. It should also buy and impo
29、rt what it needs from those countries that have a comparative advantage in the desired items.At last, innovation or style or quality plays the most important role in the foreign trade. For example, the United States produces more automobiles than any other countries; it still imports large quantitie
30、s of autos from Japan, primarily because there is a market for them in the United States. In conclusion, developing international trade is a countrys long-term strategy. For most nations, exports and imports are the most important international activity. With this activity, nations can develop their
31、 economy.（分数：6.00）(1).If a country can sell its products abroad, it means（分数：1.00）A.it can earn more money by expanding its production.B.the employment rate of the country will decrease.C.the country has to find an outlet for going abroad.D.it can buy from foreign countries products and services tha
32、t are scarce or unavailable at home.(2).Why does the picture abroad become a complex one according to the author?（分数：1.00）A.Because each country is differentB.Because foreign countries laws, people and business practices are different from those of ones own country, and if businessmen from home do n
33、ot know them, they will meet a lot of troubleC.Because businessmen from home do not understand foreign countries people, laws and business practicesD.Because people in foreign countries do not understand the picture due to different culture background(3).What does the sentence “In todays complex eco
34、nomic world, neither individual nor nations are self-sufficient“ mean?（分数：1.00）A.It means that todays world is a complex one, so all people and nations are able to provide all they want.B.It means that in todays complex economic world, people have developed different skills so all natioas and indivi
35、duals need each other.C.It means that nations have utilised its own resources.D.It means countries that are lack of resources at home must buy from countries that export them.(4).According to the fourth paragraph, foreign trade occurs because（分数：1.00）A.some people prefer foreign products to ones pro
36、duced in their own country.B.a country does not possess certain resources in its own territories.C.a country hopes to consume other countries resources first but preserve its own resources.D.a country does not have sufficient resources to meet its needs.(5).According to the fifth paragraph, what doe
37、s “comparative advantage“ mean?（分数：1.00）A.It means that some countries have more favourable conditions for economic development than other countries.B.It means that some countries can produce certain products at lower cost than other countries, thus it would be cheaper for other countries to import
38、those products instead of manufacturing them by themselves.C.It means that those countries which do not have favourable conditions for trading would better stop exporting and importing all they need.D.It means that some countries can provide goods with better quality than other countries.(6).Accordi
39、ng to the last paragraph, which of the following is NOT true?（分数：1.00）A.Nations can not develop their economy without foreign trade.B.For most countries, foreign trade is an important international activity.C.It is a long-term strategy for a country to develop international trade.D.The United States
40、 never imports automobiles because it produces more autos than any other countries.五、PART FOUR(总题数：1，分数：15.00)The Role of PriceWhat is price? Price is often said to be the amount of money people must have to get something (19) .That is to say, we take prices as a formal (20) indicating the quantitie
41、s of money needed to acquire a given quantity of goods or services. When a loaf of bread is (21) as $0.50, it means the seller provides one loaf of bread and the buyer (22) $0.50.If a seller wishes to change prices, what can he do? There are several ways to do that. Suppose when there is a (23) of s
42、ugar cane, there will be an increase in the price of sugar. (24) the seller can change the price by increasing the quantity of money to be given by the buyer. This is the first way. The second way to change price is to change the quantity of goods and services. If the quantity of a product remains (
43、25) , but the quality has been decreased, then the price has (26) increased. This is the third way. Price can also be changed by offering discounts, (27) goods or services. (28) this case, the actual price of goods is reduced. There are also some other ways to change prices. which either increase pr
44、ices or reduce prices.Price (29) play a major role in a market economy. When demand for a product or service is greater than the supply, buyers (30) the price up. If costs remain unchanged, the higher price (31) greater profits and the producers are able to (32) in resources to produce even greater
45、quantities of the product. On the other hand, if supply is greater than demand, there are (33) to decrease prices and reduce output. These pressures lead producers to put their resources into other uses.（分数：15.00）A.soldB.requestedC.desiredD.wishedA.ratioB.quotientC.valueD.percentageA.statedB.referre
46、dC.citedD.quotedA.give awayB.give upC.give inD.give outA.increaseB.shortageC.needD.deficiencyA.ButB.Even ifC.For exampleD.ThusA.permanentB.balancedC.unchangedD.lowA.consequentlyB.actuallyC.accordinglyD.seeminglyA.additionalB.surplusC.satisfyingD.sufficientA.ByB.InC.According toD.UnderA.inflationB.po
47、liciesC.factorsD.changesA.askB.commandC.bidD.orderA.makesB.leads toC.brings upD.calls forA.contributeB.investC.commitD.devoteA.influenceB.burdenC.effectsD.pressures六、PART FIVE(总题数：1，分数：12.00)The Minutes on a Fire Incident（分数：12.00）(1).with Kuen Wah Maintenance when regarding remedial work. Recommend
48、ations（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).were also sought to help avoid such incidents from happening again. Mr. Fung（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).described the background as to the incident, and produced photographs to show（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).the scene of the incident that at the Shaftesbury Building. Discussion then（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).took place about the possible causes of the incident, and it was generally agreed（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).that the most probable cause was vandalism. Mr. Clark suggested that（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).tougher security measures should be introduced to combat agai
