1、剑桥商务英语高级-78 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、READING(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、PART ONE(总题数：1，分数：8.00)A.Shopping goods arent bought very often, are bought only after the consumer has compared their features with those of competing brands, and are found in only a few stores in one area. These goods usually have a
2、higher unit price than convenience goods, and an individual salesperson, rather than a cashier, may be needed to sell them. Examples of shopping goods are automobiles, furniture, mens suits, ladies wear, shoes, and major appliances.B.Specialty goods like prestige automobiles, photographic equipment,
3、 fine jewelry, and high-fashion clothing and furniture are bought by consumers after a special shopping effort. They are bought infrequently and are generally available only in exclusive outlets. Theyre usually high-priced, but price isnt the main consideration of a consumer buying them. A consumer
4、is often willing to go out of the way to find a certain brand.Specialty goods prove the point that goods are often considered not just for their physical qualities but also for the economic utility, ego enhancement, status, and satisfaction they carry with them. For example, when people buy a new ca
5、r, they may want it not just for basic transportation but also for recognition, status, or prestige.Youve probably figured out that this classification of consumer goods is far from rigid. It may differ according to buyers intent or wishes. As consumers incomes and buying habits change, or as prices
6、 drop, goods shift from one classification to another. Usually they shift downward, from the specialty to the shopping, or from the shopping to the convenience goods category. Television sets became shopping goods years ago. When microwave ovens first came on the market, they were regarded by many a
7、s an expensive new toy a kind of specialty goods-for the rich. Now theyre considered indispensable shopping goods by working couples and single people who buy them to save cooking time.C.Durable goods can be further classified as either consumer goods or industrial goods, each of which requires a di
8、fferent set of marketing strategies. Consumer goods are used by the consumer or household that buys them and come in a ready-to-use form that calls for no further industrial or commercial processing. On the basis of how much effort a consumer takes to obtain them, consumer goods can be further subdi
9、vided into (1) convenience goods, (2) shopping goods, and (3) specialty goods.D.Durable goods have physical qualities and uses that permit them to last a relatively long time, even while being used. Theyre designed to be used up over an extended period of time and are made of materials that will tak
10、e considerable wear and tear. For example, you probably own such durable goods as a car, tape deck, cassette player, TV set, or stereo that should remain usable for several yearsor at least until the warranty runs out. Houses are built to last thirty to fifty years or more. Refrigerators and mattres
11、ses both have a life expectancy of about twenty years, and quality jewelry, silverware, china, and furniture are frequently handed down from one generation to the next.The fact that a product is durable influences its whole marketing strategy. Obviously, goods like these are packaged differently, so
12、ld more personally and aggressively, and priced higher than a tube of toothpaste or a bottle of shampoo.E.Instead of being bought by the ultimate consumer, industrial goods are used by businesses to produce other goods or to provide services to consumers. These goods are usually bought by institutio
13、ns such as manufacturers, utilities, government agencies, contractors, wholesalers, retailers, hospitals, and schools that use them in producing their own products or services. Buyers of these goods usually provide prospective suppliers with a description of the product or service and request that b
14、ids or price quotations be submitted. The buying decision is usually based on technical performance, cost, or expected monetary gain.There are many types of industrial goods, but the most common ones are (a) raw materials, (b) component parts, (c) installations, (d) transportation systems, (e) tools
15、, (f) equipment, (g) materials, and (h) supplies.（分数：8.00）(1).This kind of goods have physical qualities and uses that permit them to last a long rime.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).This kind of goods are used by businesses to produce other goods or to provide services to consumers.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Theyre u
16、sually high-priced, but price isnt the main consideration of a consumer buying them.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).They are used by the consumer or household that buys them and come in a ready-to-use form that calls for no further industrial or commercial processing.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).The fact that a product
17、is durable influences its whole marketing strategy.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).These goods usually have a higher unit price than convenience goods, and an individual salesperson rather than a cashier, may be needed to sell them.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).These goods prove the point that goods are often considered
18、not just for their physical quality but also for the economic utility.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).Buyers of these goods usually provide prospective suppliers with a description of the product.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_三、PART TWO(总题数：1，分数：6.00)Diance Dunlap was annoyed when a local laundry charged more to wash and iro
19、n her white blouses than to clean her husbands white shirts. Actually, she was more than just annoyed. (9) . Twenty-one of them quoted higher prices for blouses. Then she did an experiment. She cut the label out of a blouse, sewed in the label for a mans Shirt, and took the blouse to the cleaner alo
20、ng with three of her husbands shirts. The cleaner charged her $1.25. (10) . The cleaner charged her $2.25. Dunlap feels that the cleaners pricing is unethicalthat they are discriminating against women and charging arbitrarily higher prices.(11) . The president of the Association of Launderers and Cl
21、eaners in Dunlaps state has a different view. “The automated equipment we use fits a certain range of standardized shirts,“ he said. “A lot of womens blouses have different kinds of trim, different kinds of buttons, and lots of braid work, and it all has to be hand-finished. If it involves hand-fini
22、shing, we charge more.“ In other words, some cleaners charge more for doing womens blouses because the average cost is higher than the average cost for mens shirts.(12) . A consumer-protection specialist in the Attorney Generals office in Dunlaps state said that there were no federal or stare laws t
23、o regulate what the cleaners could charge. (13) . Many firms face the same problem of how to set prices when the costs are different to serve different customers. For example, poor, inner-city consumers often pay higher prices for food. (14) . Some firms dont like to charge different consumers diffe
24、rent prices, but they also dont want to charge everyone a higher average priceto cover the expense of serving high-cost customers. A. Later she did the same thing, but with a blouse that had the original label. B. Of course, the cost of cleaning and ironing any specific shirt may not be higher or lo
25、wer than the average. C. But inner-city retailers also face higher average costs for facilities, shop lifting, and insurance. D. She telephoned 61 cleaners and asked each ones price to launder a nonfrills, white cotton blouse the same style and size as a mans shirt. E. Inner-city consumers enjoy bet
26、ter quality goods. F. Dunlap wont take any actual measures to urge the government to pass such a law. G. She said that customers who dont like a particular cleaners rates are free to visit a competitor who may charge less. H. She wants her local city government to pass an ordinance that prohibits la
27、undry and drycleaning businesses from discriminatory pricing based on gender.（分数：6.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_四、PART THREE(总题数：1，分数：6.00)If you are buying a property in France, whether for a permanent or a holiday home, if is important to open a French bank account. Although it is
28、possible to exist on travellers cheques, Eurocheques and credit cards issued by British banks, the fees for these services can be expensive.The simplest way to pay regular bills, such as electricity, gas, or telephone, particularly when you are not in residence, is by direct debit from your French a
29、ccount.To open a current account, you will need to show your passport and birth certificate and to provide your address in native country. You will be issued with a cheque book within weeks of opening the account. In France it is illegal to be overdrawn. All accounts must be operated in credit. Howe
30、ver, there are no bank charges.Note that cheques take longer to clear in France than in Britain, and can only be stopped if stolen or lost.The easiest way to transfer money from a British bank to a French one is by bank transfer: simply provide your British bank with the name, address and number of
31、your French bank account. The procedure takes about a week and costs between 25 and 40 for each transaction, depending on your British bank.Alternatively, you can transfer money via a French bank in London. You can also send a sterling cheque (allow at least 12 days for the cheque to be cleared), Eu
32、rocheques or travellers cheques.Finally, it is a good idea to make a friend of your French bank manager. His help can prove invaluable.（分数：6.00）(1).If you buy a property in France, you can save money by _.（分数：1.00）A.having a French bank accountB.transferring money from BritainC.cashing travellers ch
33、eques or EurochequesD.using credit cards issued by British banks(2).The word “debit“ in the second paragraph means _.（分数：1.00）A.remitB.withdrawC.depositD.loan(3).One advantage French banks have over British banks is that _.（分数：1.00）A.you may take out more money than what is in the accountB.the inter
34、est rates on bank accounts are higherC.cheques are dealt with more rapidlyD.you dont have to pay for services(4).If you want to open a current account in France, you will NOT need to _.（分数：1.00）A.show your passportB.show your birth certificateC.buy a house in FranceD.provide your address in native c
35、ountry(5).The swiftest way to send money from England to France is _.（分数：1.00）A.to forward an English cheque to your French bank accountB.to go to a French bank in LondonC.to use a cashiers chequeD.to arrange a bank transfer(6).The best title for this passage is _.（分数：1.00）A.How to Open a French Ban
36、k AccountB.The Difference between Banking in Britain and FranceC.The Way to Transfer Money from Britain to FranceD.A Guide to Banking in France五、PART FOUR(总题数：1，分数：10.00)According to certain beer commercials, the contemporary version of success consists in moving up to a premium brand that costs a d
37、ime or so more per bottle. Credit-card companies would have you (21) success inheres in owning their particular piece of plastic.Under the flag of success, modern-style, liberal arts colleges are withering (22) business schools are burgeoning. and yet even business schools are having an increasingly
38、 hard time finding faculty members, because teaching isnt (23) “successful“ enough. Amid a broad consensus that there is a glut of lawyers and an epidemic of strangling litigation, record numbers of young people continue to flock to law school (24) , for the individual practitioner, a law degree is
39、still considered a safe ticket.Many, by external standards, will be “successes“. Yet there is a deadening and dangerous flaw in their philosophy: It has little room, little sympathy and less respect for the noble failure, for the person who (25) past the limits, who aims gloriously high and falls un
40、ashamedly (26) .That sort of ambition doesnt have much place in a world where success is proved by worldly reward (27) by accomplishment itself. That sort of ambition is increasingly thought of as the domain of irredeemable eccentrics, of people who havent quite caught onand there is great social pr
41、essure not to be one of them.The irony is that todays success-chasers seem obsessed with the idea of not settling. Yet in doggedly (28) the rather brittle species of success now in fashion, they are restricting themselves to a chokingly narrow swath of turf along the entire (29) of human possibiliti
42、es. Does it ever (30) to them that, frequently, success is what people settle for when they cant think of something noble enough to be worth tailing at?（分数：10.00）A.believeB.believedC.believingD.to believeA.whileB.howeverC.butD.neverthelessA.acknowledgedB.consideredC.regardedD.recognizedA.becauseB.th
43、oughC.ifD.whetherA.venturesB.surpassesC.attemptsD.risksA.shortB.apartC.behindD.throughA.other thanB.more thanC.rather thanD.less thanA.huntingB.pursuingC.seekingD.followingA.rangeB.extentC.scopeD.domainA.happenB.occurC.comeD.approach六、PART FIVE(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Crazy DownsizingIn recent years corporat
44、e downsizing has been on the rise throughout the world. Downsizing is reducing costs by dismissing employees and reassigning their duties to the employees who remain. They usually call it restructuring, rightsizing, reallocating resources, or job separation. They sometimes use dieting metaphors like
45、 “trimming the fat“ “getting lean and mean,“ or “shedding weight.“ Whatever the euphemism, employees affected by these practices know what the words mean to them: (31) . And no “kinder, gentler“ words can de much to alleviate the anxiety and distress that come (32) losing a job.In their quest to low
46、er costs to stay competitive, companies often wield the ax with little or no regard for the well-being of the people involved. For example, in the past years AT yet this is the most unpredictable variable in any building work as there are often nasty and expensive surprises.You may recall the incide
47、nt thirty years ago, when a housing project was disrupted by the discovery that old chalk mines were collapsing underneath the site. In a more recent example, a factory building had to be demolished for building on unstable rubbish tip. Imagine the impact on our reputation and our profit should our
48、company be in such a situation.Most of our urban developments are on brown field sites and I think it is vital for us to know how previous constructions have affected the land. Traditionally we have resorted to trial pits and bore holes to determine the stability of building land. But now these techniques are outdated as they may stir up some harmful deposits (chemical, heavy metals, etc.) underground.I have the names of several companies which offer this service and I intend to gather more information. Perhaps we could arrange a time to discuss this further.)解析：
