1、公共英语五级-阅读理解(十一)及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：15.00)The modem world only recently reached the Yanomamo, a native people of the Amazon basin. Sheltered by thick rainforest, the Yanomano lived a self-contained existence until gold
2、 was discovered in their jungle homeland. Miners flocked into the forests, cutting down trees and bringing in disease and shot those Yanomamo who would not get out of the way. In just seven years from the early 1980s, the population fell 20 percent.Hands Around the World, a native American cultural
3、association, says the Yanomamo are believed to be the most culturally intact people in the world. They wear loin cloths, use fire sticks and decorate their bodies with dye from a red berry (浆果). They dont use the wheel and the only metal they use is what has been traded to them by outsiders. When a
4、Yanomamo dies, the body is burned and the remaining bones crushed into a powder and turned into a drink that is later consumed by mourners in memory of the dead.A Hands Around the World report says that in South America not only are the cultures and traditions in danger of disappearing, but some tri
5、bes are in danger of extinction. “The Yanomamo is a well-known tribe that is rapidly losing its members through the destruction of Western disease,“ the report says. Before illegal gold miners entered their rainforest, the Yanomamo were isolated from modern society.They occupy dense jungle north of
6、the Amazon River between Venezuela and Brazil and are catalogued by anthropologists (人类学家) as neo-indians with cultural characteristics that date back more than 8,000 years. Each community lives in a circular communal house, some of which sleep up to 400, built around a central square.Though many Ya
7、nomamo men are monogamous, it is not unusual for them to have two or more wives. Anthropologists from the University of Wisconsin say polygamy is a way to increase ones wealth because having a large family increases help with hunting and cultivating the land. These marriages result in a shortage of
8、women for other men to marry, which has led to inter-tribal wars.Each Yanomamo man is responsible for clearing his land for gardening, using slash-and-hum farming methods. They grow plantains, a type of banana, and hunt game animals, fish and anaconda (南美热带蟒蛇) using bows and arrows.（分数：15.00）(1).Min
9、ers flocked into the forest and shot those Yanomamo who _.Asheltered in thick rainforestBwould not leave their jungle homelandClived a self-contained existenceDwould stand in their way（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The organization called Hands Around the World believes that culturally, the Yanomamo is the wo
10、rlds _.Amost primitive people Bmost backward peopleCmost advanced people Doldest people（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which of the following is NOT true according to an American cultural association report?AIn South America, the cultures are on the verge of extinction.BIn South America, the traditions are on
11、the verge of extinction.CIn South America, the Yanomamo can survive extinction.DIn South America, some tribes are on the verge of extinction.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4)._ caused the Yanomamo to have inter-tribal wars.AThe shortage of women resulting from polygamyBThe difference in wealth resulting from pol
12、ygamyCThe shortage of women resulting from monogamyDThe difference in wealth resulting from monogamy（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).We can infer from the passage that it is imperative for us to protect the Yanomamo because _.Ait is a culturally most intact peopleBit is a primitive people deep in jungleCit is a
13、 native people of the Amazon basinDit is primitive people in danger of disappearing（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.四、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Not long ago, a mysterious Christmas card dropped through our mail slot. The envelope was addressed to a man named Raoul, who, I was relatively certain, did not live with us. T
14、he envelope wasnt sealed, so I opened it. The inside of the card was blank. Ed, my husband, explained that the card was both from and to the newspaper deliveryman. His name was apparently Raoul, and Raoul wanted a holiday tip. We were meant to put a check inside the card and then drop the envelope i
15、n the mail. When your services are rendered at 4 a. m. , you cant simply hang around, like a hotel bellboy expecting a tip. You have to be direct.So I wrote a nice holiday greeting to this man who, in my imagination, fires The New York Times from his bike aimed at our front door, causing more noise
16、with mere newsprint than most people manage with sophisticated black market fireworks. With a start, I realized that perhaps the reason for the 4 a.m. wake-up noise was not ordinary rudeness but carefully executed spite I had not tipped Raoul in Christmases past. I honestly hadnt realized I was supp
17、osed to. This was the first time hed used the card tactic. So I got out my checkbook. Somewhere along the line, holiday tipping went from an optional thank-you for a year of services to a Mafia-style protection racket (收取保护费的黑社会组织).Several days later, I was bringing our garbage bins back from the cu
18、rb when I noticed an envelope taped to one of the lids. The outside of the envelope said MICKEY. It had to be another tip request, this time from our garbage collector. Unlike Raoul, Mickey hadnt enclosed his own Christmas card from me. In a way, I appreciated the directness. “I know you dont car ho
19、w merry my Christmas is, and thats fine,“ the gesture said. “I want $ 30, or Ill forget to empty your garbage bin some hot summer day. “I put a check in the envelope and taped it back to the bin. The next morning, Ed noticed that the envelope was gone, though the trash hadnt yet been picked up. “Som
20、eone stole Mickeys tip!“ Ed was quite certain. He made me call the bank and cancel the check.But Ed had been wrong. Two weeks later, Mickey left a letter from the bank on our steps. The letter informed Mickey that the check, which he had tried to cash, had been cancelled. The following Tuesday morni
21、ng, when Ed saw a truck outside, he ran out with his wallet. “Are you Mickey?“The man looked at him with scorn. “Mickey is the garbageman. I am the recycling. “ Not only had Ed insulted this man by hinting that he was a garbageman, but he had obviously neglected to tip him. Ed ran back inside for mo
22、re funds. Then he noticed that the driver of the truck had been watching the whole transaction. He peeled off another twenty and looked around, waving bills in the air. “Anyone else?“Had we consulted the website of the Emily Post Institute, this embarrassing breach of etiquette (礼节) could have been
23、avoided. Under “trash/recycling collectors“ in the institutes Holiday Tipping Guidelines, it says: “ $10 to $ 30 each. “ You may or may not wish to know that your pet groomer, hairdresser, mailman and UPS guy all expect a holiday tip.（分数：15.00）(1).The newspaper deliveryman put a blank card inside th
24、e envelope because _.Ahe forgot to write a few words on itBhe wanted the couple to send it backChe used it to ask for a Christmas tipDhe was afraid of asking for a tip in person（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).From the passage, we learn that the author _.Adidnt like Raouls way of delivering the paperBdidnt real
25、ize why Raoul delivered the paper that wayCdidnt know that Raoul came very early in the morningDdidnt feel it necessary to meet Raoul when he came（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to the passage, the author felt _ to give Raoul a holiday tip.Aexcited Bdelighted Cembarrassed Dforced（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).
26、Which of the following is CORRECT about Mickey, the garbage collector?AHe wrote a letter to the couple afterwards.BHe failed to collect the money from the bank.CHe wanted the couple to send him a Christmas card.DHe collected both the cheek and the garbage that day.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Eds encounter
27、with the recycling team shows that _.AEd was desperate to correct his mistakeBEd only wanted to give money to RaoulCEd was unwilling to tip the truck driverDEd no longer wanted to give them money（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.五、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Male lions are rather reticent about expending their energy in h
28、untingmore than three quarters of kills are made by lionesses. Setting off at dusk on a hunt, the lionesses are in front, tensely scanning ahead, the cubs lag playfully behind, and the males bring up the rear, walking slowly, their heads nodding with each step as if they are bored with the whole mat
29、ter. But slothfulness may have survival value. With lionesses busy hunting, the males function as guards for the cubs, protecting them particularly from hyenas.Hunting lionesses have learnt to take advantage of their environment. Darkness provides them with cover, and at dusk they often wait near an
30、imals they want to kill until their outlines blend into the surroundings. Small prey, such as gazelle, present lions with no problem. They are simply grabbed with the paws, or slapped down and finished off with a bite in the neck. A different technique is used with large animals, such as wild beast.
31、 Usually a lioness pulls her prey down after running up behind it, and then seizes it by the throat, strangling it. Or she may place her mouth over the muzzle of a downed animal, and suffocate it.Lions practice remarkably sophisticated cooperative hunting techniques. Sighting prey, lionesses usually
32、 fan out and stalk closer until one is within striking distance. The startled herd may scatter or blot to one side right into a hidden lioness. Sometimes lionesses surround their quarry. While perhaps three crouch and wait, a fourth may backtrack and then circle far around and approach from the oppo
33、site side, a technique not unknown in human warfare.No obvious signals pass between the lions, other than that they watch one another. A tactic may also be adapted to a particular situation. One pride of lions often pursued prey at the end of narrow strip of land between two streams. Several lioness
34、es would sit and wait until gazelle wandered into this natural dead-end. Then they would spread out and advance quite in the open, having learnt that the gazelle would not try to escape by running into the bush beside the river, but would run back the way they had come.A lioness has no trouble pulli
35、ng down an animal of twice her weight. But a buffalo, which may scale a ton, presents problems. One lioness and a young bull battled for an hour and a half, the buffalo whirling around to face the cat with lowered horns whenever she came close. Finally she gave up and allowed him to walk away. But o
36、n another occasion, five males came across an old bull. He stood in a swamp, belly-deep in mud and water, safely facing his tormentors on the shore. Suddenly, inexplicably, he plodded towards them, it seemed intent on committing suicide. One lion grabbed his rump, another placed his paws on the bull
37、s back and bit into the flesh. Slowly, without trying to defend himself, the buffalo sank to his knees and, with one lion holding his throat and another his muzzle, died of suffocation.（分数：15.00）(1).When the lions go out hunting for food, the males usually _.Aspend most of its energy guarding the fa
38、milyBhave the task of protecting the young cubs from any attackChelp lionesses to strike at and kill the preyDare too lazy to do anything（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?ALions usually come out in the early evening.BMale lions often act as attackers a
39、nd killers when hunting.CLions do not use the same technique when hunting.DFemale lions can kill animals twice their own weight.（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Hunting cooperatively, lions would try to catch their prey by _.Aseizing its throat first Bfrightening it to deathCfighting single-handedly Drounding i
40、t up first（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The old buffalo was killed because _.Ahe decided to commit suicide Bhe was too old to fight backCthere were five lions against him Dhe left the swamp（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.(5).This passage best answers which of the following questions?AHow do lions hunt in the wilderness?BWh
41、y are lions afraid of buffalo?CWhat is the function of the male lion in the pride?DHow intelligent are animals in the cat family?（分数：3.00）A.B.C.D.六、Part B(总题数：1，分数：15.00)Until about two million years ago, Africas vegetation had always been controlled by the interactions of climate; geology, soil, an
42、d groundwater conditions; and the activities of animals. The addition of humans to the latter group, however, has increasingly rendered unreal the concept of a fully developed “natural“ vegetationi.e., one approximating the ideal of a vegetational climax.(16) Early attempts at mapping and classifyin
43、g Africas vegetation stressed this relationship. sometimes the names of plant zones were derived directly from climates. In this discussion the idea of zones is retained only in a broad descriptive sense.(17) In addition, over time more floral regions of varying shape and size have been recognized.
44、Many schemes have arisen successively, all of which have had to take views on two important aspects, the general scale of treatment to be adopted, and the degree to which human modification is to be comprehended or discounted.(18) Quite the opposite assumption is now frequently advanced. An intimate
45、 combination of many speciesin complex associations and related to localized soils, slopes, and drainagehas been detailed in many studies of the African tropics. In a few square miles there may be a visible succession from swamp with papyrus, the grass of which the ancient Egyptians made paper and f
46、rom which the word “paper“ originated, through swampy grassland and broad-leaved woodland and grass to a patch of forest on richer hillside soil, and finally to juicy fleshy plants on a nearly naked rock summit.(19) Correspondingly, classifications have differed greatly in their principles for namin
47、g, grouping, and describing formations, some have chosen terms such as forest, woodland, thorn-bush, thicket, and shrub for much of the same broad tracts that others have grouped as wooded savanna (treeless grassy plain) and steppe (grassy plain with few trees). This is best seen in the nomenclature
48、, naming of plants, adopted by two of the most comprehensive and authoritative maps of Africas vegetation that have been published. R. W. J. Keays Vegetation Map of Africa South of the Tropic of Cancer and its more widely based successor, The Vegetation Map of Africa, compiled by Frank White. In the
49、 Keay map the herb layer and the coverage of woody vegetation; the White map, however, discarded these two categories as specific classifications. Yet any rapid absence of savanna as in its popular and more general sense is doubtful.(20) However, some 100 specific types of vegetation identified on the source map have been compressed into 14 broader classifications.A. As more has become known of the many thousands of African plant species and their co
