1、公共英语五级-阅读理解(六)及答案解析(总分：30.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、练习五(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：5.00)The purpose of the home was to rehabilitate patients as far as possible, so that they could face the harsh realities of life outside hospital. Most of them not only suffered from some form of ne
2、rvous disease but had other handicaps as well. (There were those who were deaf, those who were partially blind, those who were partially paralyzed.) For most of them, the hospital had been their refuge for some time and the idea of being rehabilitated was somewhat frightening. They doubted their own
3、 capabilities, and were nervous of the effort which would be required from them.The home contains within a research unit which is mainly concerned with overcoming the technical problems which arise from the patients physical disabilities. Full rehabilitation involves a need for a patient to be as in
4、dependent as possible physically. It is in the research center that all types of electronic equipment are pioneered, much of it exceedingly delicate and complex. One of the things I found astonishing as I watched what was going on in the workshop was the ease with which the patients became accustome
5、d to the equipment. This of course has the dual effect of making them physically independent and giving them the psychological satisfaction of having mastered a difficult problem. And this extra confidence is, of course, a further step towards rehabilitation.While I was there, I was fortunate enough
6、 to be able to talk to a couple of patients (or rather ex-patients) who had been fully rehabilitated and who had come back for the weekend to visit their friends. One, a former physical education teacher who suffered from paralysis from the waist down, was now teaching general studies in a primary s
7、chool. After his accident, he told me, he had had a complete nervous breakdown and had indeed tried to commit suicide several times. “But when I got here, I realized that there was still some things I could do, and that there were people worse off than me who were out in the world doing them,“ he sa
8、id. “Yes, I expect I shall get depressions again. You cant completely cure that kind of thing. But theyll pull me out of it, at least I know that now.“ I asked him if he felt that everyone in the home could be rehabilitated.“Well, of course, one cant really tell. There are some people in here with r
9、eally terrible problems. But I should say that about 70% of them will be fully rehabilitated by this time next year.“And that is a fantastic claim, but from my observation of what is going on, may well be substantiated.（分数：5.00）(1).The “home“ in this text refers to（分数：1.00）A.the hospital.B.the refug
10、e camp.C.the research center.D.the place away from reality.(2).What does the author mean by rehabilitate?（分数：1.00）A.to cure nervous diseases.B.to overcome physical disabilities.C.to train to get used to a new situation.D.to restore tO a relatively normal life.(3).The research unit aims to help peopl
11、e to（分数：1.00）A.invent complex electronic equipment.B.become physically independent.C.gain confidence about themselves.D.master difficult problems.(4).What is true about the teacher mentioned in paragraph 3?（分数：1.00）A.He was recovered from the paralysis.B.He realized that he was luckier than others.C
12、.He thought highly of the rehabilitation place.D.He had a car accident and almost killed himself.(5).According to the author, the teachers claim of the percentage of full rehabilitation is（分数：1.00）A.optimistic.B.underestimated.C.groundless.D.realistic.四、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Only a man who hates hims
13、elf and loves humanity could possibly become an actor, but to become an actor doing plays for live television is without doubt the most ghastly torture ever invented for the acting profession. So, at least, a well-known actor has stated and I am quite prepared to believe it.Consider for yourself. Fo
14、r one thing the unseen audience may number millions. If you forget your lines there is no hope whatsoever of being prompted and the only resource left to you is that of mouthing silently at the cameras in the vain hope that thousands of viewers will think that the fault is in their sets rather than
15、that the actor is incompetent.There is a story told by a famous actor of his experiences in this field which gives me intense pleasure whenever I read it. The types of part he usually plays are generally somewhat stiff-upper-lip typically British parts. He was due to act in a live television show wh
16、ere the script was of indifferent quality, rehearsals had been sketchy and a great deal more attention had been paid to the trappings of the production than to its actual quality.He claims himself that acting live on television scares him stiff. However, on this occasion he was determined to give as
17、 good an impression as possible of the “stiff-upper-lip“. He was acting a part where the costume was fairly simple and his idea of making a “calm and collected“ impression was to leave the main items (coat, briefcase and beret) in the little hut he had been assigned as a dressing room and stroll abo
18、ut the stage five minutes before the performance was due to start, apparently totally unprepared. This worked beautifully.Everyone naturally, from the producer to the humblest stage-hand, begged him to get ready. “Two minutes will be quite enough,“ he stated calmly, puffing at an enormous cigar. Two
19、 minutes before the live show was due to start he strolled to the dressing room and tried to open the door. It was locked. He then describes himself as being changed into a gibbering nervous wreck, shouting and screaming for help. He finally went on the set with his coat on back to front and covered
20、 with woodshavings from having had to break down the door. He forgot his lines and the cool Englishman with the iron nerve he was supposed to be playing turned into, as he describes it, a furtive little man with a dirty coat, a stammer and a nervous twitch. He has now decided that live television is
21、 not for him, a fact which will hardly surprise the reader.（分数：5.00）(1).According to the author what kind of person could become an actor on live television?（分数：1.00）A.One who is talented in aging.B.One who wants to be well-known.C.One who is prepared to be tortured.D.One who hates the aging profess
22、ion.(2).The type of part the actor (referred to from paragraph 3 onwards) usually takes is（分数：1.00）A.a cool calm Englishman.B.atypical British upper-class.C.an unqualified British actor.D.an Englishman with stiff expressions.(3).The actor did not go to get his main items in advance in order to（分数：1.
23、00）A.show his superb performance.B.exhibit the character of the part he played.C.give a good impression of himself to the audience.D.scare everyone from the producer to the stage-man.(4).After finding the door of the hut was locked, the actor（分数：1.00）A.was shocked.B.was close to panic.C.lost his tem
24、per.D.felt helpless.(5).The Englishman the actor played on the stage must look（分数：1.00）A.funny and nasty.B.frightened and depressed.C.cool and relaxed.D.delighted and excited.五、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：5.00)In no small measure, the epidemic of paranormal -beliefs beliefs beyond the range of scientific explan
25、ation -is due to the rapid emergence of the mass media on a global scale. These media have virtually replaced the schools, colleges, and universities as the chief conveyors of information. The days of the lone scientist conducting research in the lab or of the isolated scholar writing a paper or boo
26、k for a limited audience have been bypassed. Today new ideas are popularized -whether half or fully baked -and they are broadcast far and wide even if they have not been sufficiently tested. Apparently the chief interests of most media corporations are entertainment rather than information, profit r
27、ather than truth, selling products rather than contributing to the sum of human knowledge. Accordingly, paranormal ideas are pandered to a gullible public and the line between fiction and reality is blurred. The public is often confronted with sensational accounts of hidden realms, and pseudoscience
28、 is mistaken for genuine science. Even reputable publishers prefer to publish books touting paranormal claims rather than dispassionate scientific critiques. Why is it that of the thousands of pro-astrology, pro-psychic, or proUFO books published, very few are skeptical? “They dont sell,“ is the res
29、ponse of the hallelujah choir within the publishing industry a sad commentary on our times.The skeptics thus have a vital role to play: to educate the public about the nature of science and to attempt to persuade media producers and directors that they have some responsibility to develop an apprecia
30、tion for scientific rationality. One of the roles of CSICOP is to challenge the views of pseudoscience pouring forth daily from the media. It is clear that we cannot operate within the cloistered confines of the academy, but need to enter into the public arena. In monitoring the media, we surely hav
31、e not sought to censor producers or publishers; we only wish for some balance on their part in presenting paranormal claims, and for some role for skepticism about these claims. Largely because of the media, large sectors of public opinion simply assume that psychic powers are real, that it is possi
32、ble to modify material objects merely by the mind, that psychics can help detectives solve mysteries, and that we can abandon the clinical tests of medical science and heal patients by miraculous means. The number of paranormal, occult, and sci-fi television programs is increasing. Our objection is
33、that “docudramas“ are not labeled as fictionalized accounts but touted as fact. In regard to the many talk shows that constantly deal with paranormal topics, the skeptical viewpoint is rarely heard; and when it is permitted to be expressed, it is usually sandbagged by the host or other guests.（分数：5.
34、00）(1).It can be inferred from the text that most people who have no doubts about paranormal phenomena are probably（分数：1.00）A.ignorant of genuine science.B.enthusiastic about mass media.C.inclined to believe things readily.D.fond of psychic powers themselves.(2).Scientifically unexplainable ideas ar
35、e accepted widely because（分数：1.00）A.they have overwhelmed the world through media.B.mass media have in fact functioned as schools.C.scientists do not write papers or books for a limited audience.D.the public are interested in ideas which are not fully tested.(3).According to the text, the main funct
36、ion of media institutions should be（分数：1.00）A.entertaining the audience.B.making profit.C.selling information.D.educating the public.(4).We can learn from the text that being a skeptic one may feel（分数：1.00）A.unable to play their roles.B.like the lone voice in the wilderness.C.its easier to influence
37、 the public than the publishers.D.they have more responsibilities than the media.(5).CSICOP is probably an organization which aims at（分数：1.00）A.developing public appreciation for science.B.establishing approaches to the examinations of unusual claims.C.encouraging critical thinking among the produce
38、rs or publishers.D.monitoring the media by presenting scientific proofs.六、Part B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)It is not uncommon for distinguished scientists in the twilight of their careers to turn their hand to philosophy. Unfortunately, the failures among such endeavors are generally acknowledged to outnumber t
39、he successes, and Wilsons contribution to the genre must on the whole be consigned to the majority.16. _Wilson does, however, intend to present a thesis, the thesis that all knowledge is unified. The key concept he exploits, borrowing from the 19th century philosopher William Whewell, is consilience
40、. For Whewell, consilience meant seeking principles with as wide an explanatory reach as possible. Its meaning in Wilsons text is somewhat indefinable: Sometimes it seems only to mean that different kinds of phenomena have something to do with one another. Sometimes it marks the insistence that ther
41、e is a seamless web of cause and effect. Quite often it also seems to mean some strong doctrine of physicalist reductionism, though no such doctrine is ever spelled out in any kind of detail.17. _For example, one of the most notorious topics from Sociobiology is the development of the idea that diff
42、erences in magnitude of contribution to the reproductive purpose will lead to the evolutionary selection of sexually differentiated behavioral dispositions. Broadly, the idea is that males will pursue the maximum volume of reproductive output, whereas females will aim to produce a smaller quantity o
43、f high quality offspring. This will lead males to seek as many mates as possible, while females can be expected to look carefully for a high quality mate with the resources to spend on her offspring.18. _Having established the relevance of biology to human concerns, Wilson advances his claim for con
44、silience with science in chapters on the social sciences, on the arts, and an ethics and religion. Some of Wilsons views in these areas seem decidedly eccentric.19. _The chapter on ethics and religion is even more perplexing than I have so far suggested. Wilson sees ethics as involving a fundamental
45、 divide between the transcendentalist and the empiricist, the former but not the latter holding moral values to be independent of contingent facts about human nature. Imaginary representatives of these extreme positions are used to present their arguments, but what actually emerges is a debate almos
46、t entirely concerned with the existence of God. Although Wilson may be right that “the mixture of moral reasoning employed by modern societies are.a mess,“ he offers nothing likely to improve this situations.The book concludes with a worthy plea for environmental awareness, but since this had little
47、 connection with the earlier themes I will not discuss it.20. _The first printing of this book ran to 56,500 copies, and I was left wondering how people with more rigorously worked out views on such topics might come to command a comparable audience. A. Wilson examines important topics and he writes
48、 agreeably, if not always clearly. But the central thesis of the book is vague, the arguments presented generally difficult to discern, and many.of the opinions expressed are quite eccentric. B. When RA. Poucher published in 1867 a large volume modestly entitled The Universe, he explained in the int
49、roduction that the title was intended merely to indicate that he “had gathered from creation at large, often contrasting the smallest of its productions with the mightiest.“ I was reminded of this work while readingE. O. Wilsons book Consilience, much of which struck me as more of a compendium of scientific fact and speculation than any systematically worked out philosophical theme. C. Wilsons well-known book Sociobiology, published in 1975, presented claims for the genetic determination of a wide variety of behavioral traits of humans as well as other a
