1、公共英语五级-阅读理解(五)及答案解析(总分：30.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、练习四(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Have you heard about the book which pushes blood types as determining whether somebody should be vegetarian or not?The idea of choosing foods based on your blood type was popularized by Peter J.
2、 DAdamo, ND, in his book, Eat Right For Your Type (G.P. Putnams Sons, 1996). DAdamo, a naturopath, proposes that those who have blood type A should be vegetarian, while those with blood type O must eat meat and eliminate wheat and some other grains. He says that following the correct diet for your b
3、lood type will help you maintain optimal health and weight, avoid many infections, and fight back against life-threatening illnesses. Is there any truth to his claims?While DAdamo spends more than 350 pages explaining the minute details of the foods, supplements, medications, and exercise regimens w
4、hich should be followed by people with each blood type, he fails to scientifically document the effectiveness of his recommendations. Many of the claims which he makes are not backed up by published research. For example, depending on your blood type, you are presented with detailed lists of foods w
5、hich are highly beneficial, neutral, or to be avoided. How were these lists generated? Has any research been published showing adverse health effects from use of foods which should be avoided? No studies are presented which support what appear to be the authors speculations.Numerous studies have sho
6、wn that vegetarians live longer than non-vegetarians and have a lower risk of a number of chronic diseases. These studies are likely to be based on people from all blood type groups. It certainly seems that a vegetarian diet has benefits for those studied, regardless of their blood type. Similarly,
7、studies like those of Dean Ornish appear to demonstrate the beneficial effect of a vegetarian diet and other lifestyle changes on a number of individuals, and not just those of a certain blood type.Eat Right For Your Type should not be used as the basis for dietary change. Statements like “I could n
8、ever be a vegetarian, Im type O“ are not based on scientific evidence and may even lead people to avoid making dietary changes which could benefit both their health and the health of our planet. Our advice? Stick with a varied, whole foods-based vegetarian diet regardless of your blood type.（分数：5.00
9、）(1).What is the authors attitude toward DAdamos advice?（分数：1.00）A.Unbelieving.B.Supportive.C.Hesitating.D.Disdaining.(2).According to the author, which of the following has been amply proved?（分数：1.00）A.Vegetarian diet has brought about many lifestyle changes.B.Non-vegetarians have a higher risk of
10、many chronic diseases.C.Dietary changes at regular intervals will benefit peoples health.D.Diet according to ones blood type will help people maintain optimal weight.(3).By using the word “pushes“ (line I, paragraph I), the author seems to believe that the idea of choosing foods based on ones blood
11、type is（分数：1.00）A.convincing.B.applicable.C.far-fetched.D.plausible.(4).Which of the following statements is true of the text?（分数：1.00）A.A vegetarian diet will bring about optimal health regardless of blood types.B.A vegetarian diet will produce a neutral effect for people with blood type O.C.The sa
12、me diet for people of different blood types will benefit their health.D.Different diets for people of the same blood type will produce adverse health effect.(5).It can be inferred that the author（分数：1.00）A.favors strict diet according to ones blood type.B.advocates limited diet regardless of ones bl
13、ood type.C.prefers a combination of meat and vegetarian diet as a lifelong habit.D.favors a varied, whole foods-based vegetarian diet.四、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Despite improvements in state and local monitoring, Americas beaches remain threatened by pollution and too many are not tested for water quali
14、ty, according to a report today by an environmental organization. In its ninth annual “Testing the Waters“ survey of vacation beaches, the Natural Resources Defense Council reported a record number of beach closings and swimming advisories in 1998. Many of those were due to pollution stirred up by s
15、torms that hit southern California last year caused by the phenomenon known as El Nino.One positive reason for the large number of closings, the group reported, is better monitoring of water quality by state and local beach authorities. The report praises Myrtle Beach, S.C., and the state of Georgia
16、 derided as “beach bums“ in previous annual reports for enacting new monitoring and public notification programs.But Alabama, Louisiana, Oregon and Washington still lack any regular monitoring of beach water for swimmer safety, while Mississippi, Texas and Puerto Rico test beaches but have no public
17、 notification programs, according to the report.“We are issuing this report . as a reminder of how unchecked pollution continues to lower our quality of life and threaten public health,“ the NRDC wrote. “We hope this will provide an incentive for Congress, the Environmental Protection Agency, states
18、 and localities to improve controls over the sources of coastal, pollution and to close the gaps in monitoring and public notification along our coasts.“The annual report has been criticized for not recognizing distinctions among states with beaches. State officials in Washington, for instance, have
19、 pointed out that their beaches are used far less for swimming and surfing than beaches in states like Florida, New Jersey and California.The NRDC says nine states -Connecticut, Delaware, Illinois, Indiana, New Hampshire, New Jersey, North Carolina, Ohio and Pennsylvania -“comprehensively monitor mo
20、st or all of their beaches and notify the public when health hazards exist“.The NRDC reported there were at least 7,236 days of closings and advisories in 1998 at ocean, bay, Great Lakes and freshwater beaches around the nation. There also were 41 extended closings and advisories lasting six to 12 w
21、eeks, and 36 that lasted more than 12 weeks.Most of the beach closings and advisories were the result of tests that showed unhealthy levels of bacteria in the water, usually caused by sewage or stormwater discharges. About a quarter of the closings were caused by a specific pollution event.（分数：5.00）
22、(1).The first paragraph points out that（分数：1.00）A.most of the beaches are polluted by El Nino.B.Americas beaches want better local monitoring.C.The beaches in southern California were not properly monitored.D.1998 witnessed the most beach closings and advisories.(2).What does “advisory“ (line 6, par
23、agraph 1) mean?（分数：1.00）A.Public notification.B.Public opinion.C.Health recommendation.D.A government guide.(3).According to the second paragraph, the reason for most beach closings is（分数：1.00）A.to tide over the stormwater discharges.B.to enact new monitoring laws.C.to monitor better water quality c
24、ontrol.D.to avoid some specific pollution event.(4).Which of the following statements is true according to the text?（分数：1.00）A.The Congress has decided to exercise control over the sources of coastal pollution.B.The annual report criticizes some states for not recognizing health hazards.C.Some coast
25、al states have closed their beaches but failed to advise the public of the health hazards.D.In the US, all the coastal states have paid equal attention to beach monitoring.(5).What may be the best title for the text?（分数：1.00）A.El Nino the Main Cause for Beach Pollution.B.Pollution Still Mars America
26、n Beaches.C.Close the Gaps Between Closings and Advisories.D.Beach Bums Become Cleaner.五、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Babies are less likely to grow up into fat children if they are fed breast milk exclusively, which provides powerful ammunition fi3r the campaign to encourage mothers to choose the breast ov
27、er the bottle.German scientists say their findings are the result of the largest study to date investigating the link between breast-feeding and obesity later in life. The findings suggest breast-feeding could turn out to be a powerful strategy for fighting the spiraling level of childhood obesity.
28、The study, which tracked 9,357 children in Bavaria, found that the longer babies were breast-fed exclusively before being switched to formula or food, the lower their chances of starting school as overweight children.The German study found that infants given only breast milk until they were 3 to 5 m
29、onths old were more than a third less likely to be obese by the age of 5 or 6 than babies given only formula from the start. Those breast-fed exclusively for 6 months to a year fared even better -they were 43 percent less likely to be obese. Breast-feeding beyond a childs first birthday was better s
30、till, giving babies a 72 percent lower chance of turning out to be obese children.Even just some breast milk proved to be better than none, according to the study. Children who were breast-fed for only 1:he first month or two of their lives were 10 percent less likely to be obese by the time they en
31、tered elementary school.Besides being more likely to be obese, bottle-fed children also had a greater chance of being simply overweight by elementary school. As with obesity, the risk diminished the longer breast-feeding continued into childhood.Children were classed as overweight if their body mass
32、 index which allows comparison of the girth of people of different heights was in the highest 10 percent of all children their age and sex in IBavaria. They were labeled obese if they were in the highest 3 percent.The researchers took into account several factors that could have skewed the results,
33、such as eatin.cl habits, socioeconomic class, birth weight, parents and siblings ages, how long the children played outside and whether they had their own bedrooms.In fact, the fatter children were eating less butter, fewer desserts and whole-milk products, and more low-fat dairy foods -probably in
34、an attempt to lose weight.However, what is not clear from the study is how much of the childrens weight problem was due to an inherited tendency to be fat. Experts noted that genetics might be responsible for a small percentage of the cases, but could not be the total explanation. A follow-up study
35、which takes into account parents weight suggests a genetic disadvantage doesnt seem to make much difference.But is it something in the breast milk, or something associated with the act of breast-feeding that makes a difference? Its a bit early for us to draw such a conclusion.（分数：5.00）(1).The first
36、paragraph shows that（分数：1.00）A.breast-feeding is more beneficial to childrens growth than bottlefeeding.B.breast milk is the prime cause of childhood obesity.C.bottle-feeding provides a powerful strategy for inherited obesity.D.breast-feeding can curb the ever-increasing cases of adult obesity.(2).T
37、he word“ammunition“ (line 2, paragraph I) means（分数：1.00）A.weapons.B.gun powderC.primers.D.shells.(3).Which of the following factors do the researchers take into account when they study the children?（分数：1.00）A.Their heights,B.Their gender.C.Their school environment.D.Their birth weight.(4).What is th
38、e authors attitude toward the new finding?（分数：1.00）A.Admiring.B.Certain.C.Cautious.D.Disapproving.(5).Which of the following titles best summarizes the text?（分数：1.00）A.A Little Breast Mill Goes a Long Way.B.Impressive Results of Breast-Feeding.C.A New Strategy for Fighting Adult Obesity.D.It is Too
39、Early to Favor the Breast over the Bottle.六、Part B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)The question of health care reform again wafts about the corridors of power in Washington. The revolutionary spirit of Thomas Jefferson is invoked with the language of a Patients Bill of Rights. Life and liberty are again at stake, thr
40、eatened by the tyrannical Chief Efficiency Officers of the managed care empires.16. _Sadly, the answer is “no.“ Harry lost his management position three years ago in a downsizing applauded by Wall Street. He now works two jobs at $9 per hour and has no health benefits. Louise has metastatic breast c
41、ancer. Theyve re-mortgaged their house to pay her medical bills. They have no time for pointless political posturing.In 1993 the Clinton administration undertook an honest effort at health reform. It was flawed in many ways. But it was inspired by a genuine moral vision that a just and caring societ
42、y ought to assure all of its citizens the right to health care.The defining moral features of the plan were: Universality (no one would be uninsured). Nearly equal access (a thick package of health benefits would be guaranteed to all; no segregation of the poor in dilapidated health plans). No discr
43、imination against the chronically ill (health plans could reject no one for pre-existing conditions). Choice among health plans for virtually all (contrary to the Harry and Louise commercials).Cost control through managed competition (health plans would have to compete by improving quality and effic
44、iency, not by dumping costly patients with the most serious health needs).The sad fact about the two proposals now before the U.S. Senate is that not a single one of the six moral goals above are advanced even minimally by either. Meanwhile, the ranks of the uninsured have grown by 7 million in the
45、past six years during the most prosperous period we have ever enjoyed as a nation.17. _These proposals are really just consumer protection bills, and theres nothing ignoble about that. The unmanaged competition among health plans that characterizes todays market has proven to be a real threat to the
46、 well-being of many less healthy middle class paytients.But for the uninsured who are merely “patients“ -the sick and poor -what good is a right to sue for denied health benefits when you have no right to benefits to begin with?Speaking of which, what benefits do middle class patients in managed car
47、e plans have a right to? The answer to this question is a lot murkier than you may think.The technical answer usually given is that theyre entitled to “all medically necessary care.“ But in 1994, the Clinton Health Reform Task Force spent days trying to attach a precise meaning to that phrase, and t
48、he phrase is again crucial to the Senate bills.Medical experts can surely tell us what care is medically necessary. And if medical care is really necessary (if some essential function or life itself may be lost without access to that care), then that seems to make a moral claim as well. That is, wou
49、ldnt it be indecent, unjust and lacking in compassion to deny sick and vulnerable persons access to care like that?The concept of “medically necessary care“ is supposed to be the rational foundation for a middle class right to sue a provider when such care is denied. But if the middle class hopes to invoke this kind of moral argument to protect their own rights, then the very same argument requires that they put in place policies that would also guarantee the uninsured access to all medically necessary care.18. _The Clinton administration is ma
