1、公共英语五级-Everyday+Life 及答案解析(总分：134.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Unit 1(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part (总题数：3，分数：12.00)Questions 1-4 Choose the best answer.（分数：4.00）(1).Which statement best describes the change of British working hours?（分数：1.00）A.Over the past 150 years, British working hours fluctuated by as long as 10 hou
2、rs.B.British workers worked 3 hours longer every week than their European counterparts in 2001.C.British workers worked longer than French and German workers with higher productivity.D.British workers have the least annual paid leave.(2).What does the sentence “thus concerns about hours worked would
3、 become little more than of historical interest“ imply?（分数：1.00）A.Since there is no wild change in British working hours, the forecasting of work norm lost meaning.B.There is no point in concerning about working hours since it is hard to separate employment and leisure.C.The notion that the nature o
4、f work has changed is not right.D.The end of work scenario makes research impossible.(3).What can we see from the research findings of Michael Moynagh and Peter Nolan?（分数：1.00）A.They agreed that in the future, contracted working time will decrease.B.They agreed that more British would like to work f
5、rom mobile office environments.C.They have different conclusions and forecasts about British working time.D.Both are against conventional wisdom that the end of work has come.(4).Professor Jonathan Gershuny notes that _.（分数：1.00）A.men take over most housework when women are in full-time workB.people
6、 work harder in free time to consume what they produce in work timeC.if you are top managers, you have more leisure time availableD.women spend less time on domestic chores latelyQuestions 5-9 Answer the following questions by using NO MORE THAN five words.（分数：5.00）(1).What is the result of working
7、from home or mobile office environments?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).What are the percentages of people working partly at home and solely at home respectively?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).What is the dominant working norm?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Which phrase expresses the meaning that both managers and manual workers com
8、plain about the long hours culture?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).What is one of the two issues that Professor Jonathan Gershuny paid special attention to.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_Questions 10-12 Complete the following sentences with NO MORE THAN three words for each blank.（分数：3.00）(1).According to the Future of Work s
9、urvey, women are 1 dissatisfied with their working hours.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).The more successful people are, the 1 time they have to enjoy themselves.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).The appearance of 1 actually increased time of doing domestic chores.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_三、Part (总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Exercise 1 Gapped Te(
10、总题数：1，分数：10.00)Father FiguresMy dad used to drop my siblings and me off at school each morning on the way to work. Wed listen to the radio and chat about our day and I was oblivious to the fact that this was the 1980s and for a man to say to his office that he wouldnt be in before 10am because he wa
11、s doing the school run was very unusual. He got a lot of stick for it, but thats the way it worked in my house.1. _The survey of 2,504 mothers of 17-month old babies and 1,512 of the childrens fathers revealed that dads are now deeply involved in their kids upbringing. The proportion of fathers work
12、ing flexible hours to fit around childcare arrangements rose from 11% to 31% between 2002 and 2005. The number working from home doubled from 14% to 29%. Its all part, say fathers campaigning groups, of a real change in the home and workplace.“This is evidence that there is a social revolution going
13、 on, with fathers not just talking about being more involved with their children but renegotiating their lives to allow for it,“ says Jack OSullivan of information charity Fathers Direct. “Its really good for children, families and fathers themselves who get the benefit of being a dad.“2. _Its just
14、what my dad did - bar the change of job. But back in the 1980s when the yuppy working culture meant 7:30am board meetings and 14-hour days, my dads logic - that he was working to 7pm most days so a 10am start was fair - did not go down well. Some believe little has changed. “We need to modernise the
15、 laws to keep up to track with the speed of this social change, to let fathers play the part they want to play in their childrens lives,“ says OSullivan.3. _Announcing the research conducted by the Policy Study Institute, trade and industry secretary Alan Johnson said there had been a “positive cult
16、ure change in the home and workplace. Mothers are taking more time off when. their child is born, the majority of fathers are taking up their new entitlement to paternity leave, and the number of new dads now working flexibly has tripled.“4. _But while the government is trumpeting the improved take-
17、up of maternity and paternity leave and the evidence that dads are getting more involved, women who have children are still counting the cost to their careers. Some 17 months after the birth of their child, one in four mothers were not working; some had attempted a return to work only to give it up
18、later. But fewer mothers switched jobs when they returned - something the reports authors suggested showed employers were taking their commitments to working mothers more seriously.Three quarters of women who were not working said that they wanted to spend more time with their children. But 16% said
19、 they couldnt afford childcare, 13% said their job didnt provide suitable hours and 12% could not find the right childcare. The most likely to return to work were those in “higher level“ jobs with better flexible working opportunities, or those with heavy mortgage commitments.5. _Carena Rogers, poli
20、cy officer at the National Family and Parenting Institute, says, “Mothers are still much more pressured to give up their careers and it can be very difficult to get back into work.“A One of the governments proposals on this front is that parents should be able to share their parental leave allowance
21、, so that parents could decide how to share out the years leave when a new child is born. This will be a popular option for some parents - but could also cause some rows. A quarter of mums said they would consider sharing some of their 12 months of parental leave with their partner. But a third of n
22、ew fathers would like the option to spend longer with their small children.B My dad might have been a trailblazer, but theres still a way to go.C He claimed the findings in the 146-page report were evidence that the governments policy is working. After maternity leave was extended from 18 to 26 week
23、s and unpaid additional leave from 29 to 52 weeks last year, half of mothers took 26 weeks leave compared with 9% in 2002 and a further 14% took the full 52 weeks, compared with just 5% three years previously.D Fast forward 20 years and things are changing slowly. A mums struggle makes daily headlin
24、es. Having a baby will cost me hundreds of thousands over my lifetime, according to one report. Parenthood is seen as a mums dilemma. But new government research suggests that now dads are speaking up too.E The governments report did not ask the same questions of the fathers. Why? Simply because so
25、few are providing the principal care for their children. Dads might be more involved, but shifting their working day is not the same as shifting their entire careers.F The renegotiating of dads roles includes working shorter hours (18% said they did), moving their working day backward or forward to
26、fit around their families (14%), changing hours to fit with their partners work (27%) and changing jobs altogether (22%).（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_五、Exercise 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)A = Ian Williams B = Michael BourneC = Jim McEIwaine D = Pascal Harperwhois a member of a team doing resea
27、rch on a cancer drug?helps athletes sharpen their skills to get closer to ideal performance?finds his job rewarding because it has never been done before?build models of their research objects?used to work on site at a sewage works?obtained PhDs before they turned to their respective research?keeps
28、his research projects secret in order to have an advantage over competitors?believes his job is a perfect combination of work and pleasure?1. _2. _3. _4. _5. _6. _7. _8. _9. _10. _A Ian WilliamsZulu warriors used it as a poison to make their spears more deadly, and it is a substance that has been tr
29、aded for its healing properties for over 2000 years. Now, this organic molecule derived from the bark of the African bush willow tree is being tested as a cancer drug.Unlike conventional drug treatments, which can destroy healthy as well as cancerous cells, the molecule combretastatin restricts bloo
30、d flow, but only targets blood vessels formed inside tumours, effectively starving them. Ian Williams is part of a team at the University of Sheffield uncovering why and how it acts in this way. “Once we isolate the how of a drugs action we can apply that knowledge to similar compounds and develop f
31、urther cancer treatments,“ he says.Ian is in the second year of his PhD at Sheffield. He spends most of his time in the lab, assessing the drugs impact on colon carcinoma cells, Ians PhD is funded by Cancer Research UK. “Later in my PhD Ill be presenting my work in charity shops, explaining how thei
32、r work relates to mine. Its really important as its the public who directly fund my work.“ Ian hopes his work will yield useful results, but as with all research nothing is certain. For Ian, thats what makes the research both daunting and exciting.B Michael BourneAs a biomechanist and performance an
33、alyst at the English Institute of Sport, Michael helps athletes get closer to the ideal performance. Biomechanics uses the laws of physics and principles of engineering to describe the human body as it moves. Michael studies video and sensory data using tools such as a “force platform“, which is a c
34、omplex set of scales measuring the forces an athlete generates as they make a movement such as a jump. He can then use this information to help athletes hone their technique.Another part of Michaels job is studying his athletes opponents. This year he is helping the British judo team prepare for the
35、 2008 Olympics by sizing up the strengths, weaknesses and fight style of every potential competitor. This will be the first database of its kind, he says, and biomechanists will soon have the same depth of data for all sports.Because standards in sports are continually rising, biomechanical know-how
36、 can mean the difference between winning or losing. “We keep a lot of our projects secret - it only takes the seed of an idea to send our competitors down the right path, then we lose the advantage.“C Jim McEIwaineStudying how an avalanche hurtles down the mountainside is no easy task, especially if
37、 you are trying to create a precise mathematical model like researcher Jim McEIwaine. “It is easy to do badly, and currently impossible to do very accurately,“ Jim says. “The fascinating thing for me is that sometimes these complications disappear and simple models can be reasonably good.“Jim turned
38、 to avalanche research following a PhD in quantum mechanics. As a keen climber and skier, it has proved a great opportunity to combine work and pleasure, he says. Now he divides his time between sitting with pencil and paper writing equations at the University of Cambridge and several months every w
39、inter at the Swiss Federal Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research in Davos. There, he helps perform small-scale experiments dropping snow down chutes and larger experiments at a specially equipped test site. These can involve blasting out large avalanche by dropping bombs from a helicopter.Jim ha
40、s first-hand experience of being at the wrong end of an avalanche. On one climbing trip to Himalayas when he was younger, he was buried up to his neck and a friend had to dig him free. But that hasnt stopped him pursuing a career with the two things he loves most - maths and the mountains.D Pascal H
41、arperWhen Pascal Harper says that to do his job you need to be prepared to get your hands dirty, he means it. Pascal learned this lesson the hard way, when early in his career he undid the fastening on a sludge pump, thinking it was turned off, to be greeted by a jet of high-pressure raw sewage.Toda
42、y, Pascal is more white lab coat than hard hat and overalls. He works as a waste-water process engineer for a small company called Water Innovate, which develops new technologies for the waste-water industry. The majority of his time is spent developing software that models and simulates the odours
43、from sewage works.Pascal started out as an engineer for Anglican Water on their graduate training scheme. He undertook two placements while he was there: the first on site, monitoring the removal of phosphorus from waste, and the second in the lab building computer models of biological processes tak
44、ing place in the waste. But you dont need to be an engineer to get into the industry, Pascal stresses. “They were looking for people from all scientific disciplines, not just engineering.“ Pascal did an undergraduate degree in chemistry, before going on to do a masters and a PhD.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_填空项
45、 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_六、Exercise 3 Speaking(总题数：1，分数：5.00)1./r/n /r/n aCompetition/r/n How could people stay positive in the face of fierce competition?/r/n /r/n /r/n /r/n bWork Which one is better for young people, job-hopping or job-staying?/r/n /r/n /r/n cLif
46、e style/r/n Do you think your work invade into your life too much? If so, how?/r/n /r/n（分数：5.00）_七、Exercise 4(总题数：1，分数：25.00)2.Now there are people giving up positions with high salary and turning to a less stressful life, the so-called voluntary simplicity. Which one do you agree, men live to work,
47、 or work to live?（分数：25.00）_八、Unit 2(总题数：0，分数：0.00)九、Part (总题数：2，分数：12.00)Questions 1-6 Choose the best answer.（分数：6.00）(1).What is the consequence of the opening of 1975 Family Court application?（分数：1.00）A.Couples must have at least one year separation to get a divorce.B.The process of getting a divorce became more civilized.C.Husbands and wives attacked each others faults to get the advantage.D.The no-fault divorce ignored even damaged childrens interests.(2).Why did more couples
