1、公共英语五级-Environment 及答案解析(总分：114.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Unit 1(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part (总题数：3，分数：12.00)Questions 1-3 Choose the best answer.（分数：3.00）(1).The following statements are true except _.（分数：1.00）A.the green consumer trend started in the late 1980s.B.green consumers made a lot of trouble to businesses
2、.C.consumers were prepared to pay more for environmentally friendly products.D.despite the changes in customer tastes, businesses still refused to take environment seriously.(2).In the late 1990s, _.（分数：1.00）A.hippies took the lead in green living.B.green was the lifestyle adopted by people with abo
3、ve average income.C.green quickly become out of fashion among the upper-middle class people.D.businesses didnt take the responsibility for promoting green products.(3).Voluntary simplicity encourages people to _.（分数：1.00）A.spend less money on material things.B.learn to live in poverty.C.use environm
4、entally friendly products.D.consume less while meeting basis needs.Questions 4-8 Answer the following questions by using NO MORE THAN three words.（分数：5.00）(1).What is promoted by the present economic systems?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).What concept is green consumerism compared to in the passage?（分数：1.00）填空
5、项 1:_(3).What factor must be taken into account the present generations according to the definition of sustainable development?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).What issue does green consumerism try to deal with?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).What are the core issues in sustainable development?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_Questions 9-12
6、 Complete the following sentences with NO MORE THAN four words for each blank.（分数：4.00）(1).Companies are most concerned about the question whether green consumerism is 1 or not.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).It is necessary for consumers to be well-informed about 1 in order to be effective green consumers.（分数：
7、1.00）填空项 1:_(3).The strength of green consumerism lies in 1 provided to individuals who can impact the environment in a practical way.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).According to an Australian study, people who have made behavioral changes and are willing to make more are 1 consumers aged 2540.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_三
8、、Patr (总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Exercise 1 Use of En(总题数：1，分数：20.00)To Be GreenBeing a “green“ office worker means thinking about not only the things you could do differently, but what your organization (1) a whole can do to become more environmentally friendly.You (2) on the light. But its daylight outside.
9、 Always use a mug (3) of a disposable plastic up. Clear away paper to make way for a plant - plants humidify and purify the air, as well as (4) noise and removing some of the chemicals. (5) you think of printing out the 100-plus page report which is so relevant (6) your job, ask yourself whether its
10、 feasible to print out the executive summary and read the (7) from the computer (8) ; (9) you do print and photocopy, use both sides of the paper. The average worker uses a trees (10) of paper every year. Turn off the lights before you go home. Lighting an empty office overnight can waste enough ene
11、rgy to make 1,000 cups of coffee, (11) to the Environment Agency.(12) your managers to introduce some office-wide green schemes: For example, propose an office recycling scheme. You can dramatically reduce the amount of waste your company creates (13) recycling. Persuade your office manager to use (
12、14) paper for your stationary needs. Organise an office spring clean. Youll be surprised (15) how much you have that you dont use. Talk to office management about switching (16) a green energy supply - the Queen is converting part of Windsor Castle to hydro power and (17) you may not have the Thames
13、 on your doorstep, your company may be able to (18) a micro wind turbine or solar panels to produce some of the energy it needs. Suggest your company introduces a green transport plan to (19) staff to use public transport or cycle to work. Saving waste saves cash as well, and free advice is availabl
14、e from the governments Envirowise programme (20) how to do it.（分数：20.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_五、Exercise 2 Speaking(总题数：1，分数：5.00)1.recycling waterraising water pricesinstalling wate
15、r saving devicesmaking more use of rain waterdesalinating sea waterpromoting water-saving technology（分数：5.00）_六、Exercise 3 Writing(总题数：1，分数：25.00)2.Many governments realized that environmental issues should and could only be resolved through international cooperation. But there are different opinion
16、s from developed and underdeveloped countries on ratifying the Kyoto Protocol. What is your suggestion to reaching an agreement?（分数：25.00）_七、Unit 2(总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、Part (总题数：3，分数：12.00)Questions 1-3 Choose the best answer.（分数：3.00）(1).Dian Fossey _.（分数：1.00）A.believed it is the governments responsib
17、ility to enforce laws to protect wildlife.B.believed that human activity should not be allowed in the habitat of the mountain gorillas.C.illegally drove out the people who were considered intruders from the park.D.helped the government enforce laws in the habitat of the mountain gorillas.(2).After D
18、ian Fosseys arrival, most of the Batwa people _.（分数：1.00）A.became hunter-gathers in the forest.B.left the forest and turned to begging for a living.C.were given compensation and learned other skills.D.became farmers in the Virunga mountains.(3).The following statements are true except _.（分数：1.00）A.T
19、he traditional model of conservation had a negative impact on both nature and culture.B.Indigenous people had to be removed from their land for the establishment of parks and reserves.C.Indigenous peoples fights to their land had been seriously violated.D.The traditional model of conservation promot
20、ed the interests of the indigenous people.Questions 4-6 Answer the following questions by using NO MORE THAN four words.（分数：4.00）(1).Where did the original approach to conservation originate?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).What was the purpose of the early national parks?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).In what way did ecol
21、ogists think nature should be preserved?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).What percentage of the worlds land has been protected?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_Questions 8-12 Complete the following sentences with NO MORE THAN three words for each blank.（分数：5.00）(1).So far, it is still inconclusive how much indigenous people have
22、 been affected by 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Traditional land-management practices often deny local people 1 protected areas.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).The protected areas 1 is affected when regulations fail to take peoples livelihood into account.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Unworkable management plans often lead to th
23、e deterioration of 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).Respecting the rights of indigenous peoples will give protected areas 1.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_九、Part (总题数：0，分数：0.00)十、Exercise 1 Gapped Te(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Back to the FuturePEOPLE and wildlife dont get on too well together. Large mammals, in particular, have a hard
24、time at the hands of humanity. Their habitat gets taken for farms, their bodies for dinner and their heads for trophies. As human populations grow, the pressure increases, and it seems to decline only when people are rich enough to focus on the aesthetic as well as the economic possibilities of wild
25、 beasts. Often, such aesthetic appreciation thrives best in the safety of the city rather than in the rawness of the wilderness.1. _Africa and Asia are continents where wildlife is under particular pressure. Their human populations are growing and their people are not yet prosperous enough to make c
26、onservation a higher priority than simply getting by in life. But many of the worlds endangered mammals live in Africa and Asia. In North America, by contrast, rural populations are shrinking, people are rich enough to care about wildlife, and many of them do. Moreover, most of the large North Ameri
27、can mammals that existed when humanity arrived in the continent are now extinct. Their ecological niches are therefore wide open for occupation. What could be more logical, Mr. Donlan suggests, than introducing endangered Old World mammals into the New World, thus saving them from extinction while r
28、eturning wild America to something like the state it was in before Homo sapiens took up residence?2. _Although none of the animals Mr. Donlan and his colleagues propose introducing are the same species as the ones that went extinct, many are related and all would fill similar ecological niches. Elep
29、hants, for instance, would help to preserve the grassland by eating shrubs that encroach on it - a role previously filled by mastodons. Lions and cheetahs would control the populations of horses, asses and camels much as their sabre-toothed cousins once controlled similar ungulates.3. _Many mainstre
30、am conservationists are naturally (in more than one sense of that word) suspicious. Chris Haney, a conservation biologist at Defenders of Wildlife, a voluntary conservation group, fears the effort might detract from what he describes as “more realistic“ goals, such as the reintroduction of wolves, b
31、ison, grizzly bears and North American elk (not to be confused with the European sort, known to Americans as moose). These reintroductions have faced bitter opposition from some ranchers, farmers and politicians. If programmes like this were seen not merely in isolation, but as the first steps in a
32、grand plan to reintroduce lions and cheetahs, they would be even harder to implement.4. _Both of these objections are sensible, though not overwhelmingly so. But Dr. Haney has a more visceral worry, too. Modern conservation is generally against the idea of species being spread into novel habitats, a
33、nd he opposes Mr Donlans idea on those grounds, as well.5. _Perhaps it is, although such pollution does happen naturally from time to time. But even if such introductions are not the ideal solution, they may be the best one available. Mr. Donlans idea is a big and imaginative proposal to solve a cle
34、ar and present danger. It is certainly worth some careful scrutiny.A Mr. Donlans plan is to create game reserves of a quarter of a million hectares or more in the Great Plains of North America, and populate them with a mixture of native American and alien animals. If returned to grassland, the plain
35、s could support both grazers and their predators. Beginning gradually on small, private reserves, wild horses, asses and camels would be introduced and biologists could study their effects on the ecosystem. Later, if all had gone well, elephants would be added and finally, to provide predators, big
36、cats. If everything worked on a small scale, the large public nature reserves envisaged as the plans culmination would then be created. Mr. Donlan reckons that the whole process would take about 50 years. “It is important“, as he puts it, “to realise that were not advocating backing up a van full of
37、 cheetahs and kicking them out the door.“B Eric Dinerstein, chief scientist at the World Wildlife Fund US, another conservation charity, has a related objection. He suggests Mr Donlans idea might be damaging not only to efforts to conserve North American species, but also to the very Old World speci
38、es it is intended to save. He thinks Mr. Donlan is too pessimistic about the chances of preserving endangered animals in their African and Asian homes. Rather than spending money to establish those species in North America, Dr.Dinerstein would prefer to see it spent conserving them where they live n
39、ow.C Observing all this, a group of conservation biologists, led by Josh Donlan of Cornell University, have made a modest proposal in this weeks Nature. They suggest a piece of ecological arbitrage.D One reason conservationists try to stop alien introductions is pragmatic - they sometimes do serious
40、 damage to native species. Rats, cats and pigs, for example, have wrecked the native fauna of many a small island. But part of the objection to alien introductions has an ideological flavour. There is a feeling that what exists now (or, at least, what existed before man stuck his oar in) is what oug
41、ht to exist. It is pristine. Shipping in other species is, in a sense, a form of pollution.E When the first immigrants entered North America at the end of the Pleistocene epoch, more than 13,000 years ago, they found a continent full of large mammals - elephants, lions, cheetahs, camels, horses and
42、more. Within a few thousand years most of these animals were gone, probably the victims of overhunting.F In theory, the return of the big mammals would result in more diversity throughout the ecosystem. It would also, the researchers suggest, bring tourists flocking to the Great Plains and provide a
43、n alternative income for people there. That may sound fanciful. But, as Mr Donlans paper points out, there are already some 77,000 large exotic mammals, most of them African or Asian species, roaming freely on private ranches in Texas and, in some cases, attracting paying customers.（分数：10.00）填空项 1:_
44、填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_十一、Exercise 2 Speaking(总题数：1，分数：5.00)3./r/n /r/n aEnergy shortage/r/n What can everyone do to solve the problem of energy shortage?/r/n /r/n /r/n bEnvironment/r/n What are the causes of dust storms in northern China? How can we solve this problem/r/n /r/n /r/n cPrivate ca
45、rs/r/n Should our government encourage manufacturing compact cars? Why or why not?/r/n /r/n（分数：5.00）_十二、Exercise 3 Writing(总题数：1，分数：25.00)4.Some people believe that certain areas should remain undeveloped in their original states in order to protect the animals and plants there even though indigenou
46、s people live in poverty. Do you agree or disagree with this point of view?（分数：25.00）_公共英语五级-Environment 答案解析(总分：114.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Unit 1(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part (总题数：3，分数：12.00)Questions 1-3 Choose the best answer.（分数：3.00）(1).The following statements are true except _.（分数：1.00）A.the green consumer tre
