1、公共英语五级-71 及答案解析(总分：110.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、BSection Liste(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Directions： This section is designed to test your ability to understand spoken English You will hear a selection of recorded materials and you must answer the questions that accompany them There are three parts in this section, Par
2、t A, Part B and Part C Remember， while you are doing the test， you should first put down your answers in your test booklet， NOT on the ANSWER SHEET At the end of the listening comprehension section， you will have 5 minutes to transfer your answers from your test booklet onto BANSWER SHEET 1 /B BPart
3、 A/BYou will hear a talk As you listen answer Questions 1 to 10 by circling True or False You will hear the talk BONLY ONCE /B （分数：10.00）(1).The speech is mainly about the organization of the company（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(2).People like the changes in the organization of the company（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(3).A
4、ll directors on the Board are full-time employees in the company（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(4).The job of the Board of Directors is to administrate the company（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(5).The chairman of the Board is appointed by the Board（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(6).MD refers to“a doctor of medicine”（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(7).MD
5、is the absolute head of the company（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(8).MD decides companys policies and carries them out（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(9).MD has six departmental managers at the moment（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(10).The speaker will introduce six departmental managers one by one（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误二、BPart B/B(总题数：3，分数：10.00
6、)You will hear 3 conversations or talks and you must answer the questions by choosing A， B， C or D You will hear the recording BONLY ONCE /B （分数：3.00）(1).What does the man do?（分数：1.00）A.A taxi-driverB.A bus driverC.A policemanD.A tourist guide(2).what does he like about his job?（分数：1.00）A.MoneyB.Fre
7、edomC.Knowing different peopleD.Traveling a lot(3).Those who visit London will certainly go to_（分数：1.00）A.the Tower of LondonB.HarrodsC.Buckingham PalaceD.The Greenwich village（分数：3.00）(1).According to the speaker，what are convenience goods?（分数：1.00）A.Commodities that people are in constant need ofB
8、.Goods that are convenient to use or purchaseC.Items that people tend to buy under impulseD.Items that have to be bought once a week(2).What are the shopping goods that are basically considered the same?（分数：1.00）A.Those that satisfy similar needs of the consumerB.Those that consumers dont care where
9、 to buyC.Those that consumers spend much time looking forD.Those that Can be found everywhere(3).What is the characteristic of specialty goods?（分数：1.00）A.They are goods that can be bought at a special priceB.They are special kinds of productsC.They are characterized in their brandsD.They need specia
10、l efforts to get（分数：4.00）(1).Where Can the expression“lame duck”be heard?（分数：1.00）A.Only among huntersB.Among primary school pupilsC.Among beautiful ladiesD.Among people who are discussing politics(2).Which of the following Can be called as a“lame duck”?（分数：1.00）A.A disabled little childB.A hard-wor
11、king farmerC.A politician who has to come to the end of his powerD.An absent-minded old professor(3).When did this expression come into the American Language?（分数：1.00）A.Some time after the Civil WarB.During the Second World WarC.When president George Bush was in officeD.During the period of Independ
12、ence War(4).According to another explanation，where did this expression probably come from?（分数：1.00）A.AustraliaB.JapanC.NetherlandD.England三、BPart C/B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)You will hear a long talk As you listen, you must answer Questions 21 30 by writing BNO MORE THAN THREE/B words in the space provided o
13、n the right You will hear the talk BTWICE /B （分数：10.00）(1).What is your responsibility when you，as a school principal，get the teachers report?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).How many reactions could you have towards the teachers report?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).How many psychologists are mentioned in the talk?（分数：1.0
14、0）填空项 1:_(4).Their scheme is based on the premise that all people have a basic way of_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).DrMann is now in Cambridge，writing a book on the_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).They started working in 1968 based on the observation made by Jung，the founder of_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).How many psychological
15、types of people are there according to Jungs ideas?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).The past-oriented people tend to look at the world in a_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(9).The past-oriented people are flexible in_（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(10).What is the passage mainly talking about?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_四、BSection Use o(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Re
16、ad the following text and fill each of the numbered spaces with ONE suitable word Psychologists take contrastive views of how external rewards，fromU (31) /Upraise to cold cash，affect motivation and creativityBehaviorists，U (32) /Uresearch the relationU (33) /Uactions and their consequences argue tha
17、t rewards Can improve performance at work and schoolCognitive researchers，who study various aspects of mental life，maintainU (34) /Urewards often destroy creativityU (35) /Uencouraging dependenceU (36) /Uapproval and gifts from others The latter view has gained many supporters，especiallyU (37) /Uedu
18、catorsBut the careful use of small monetary rewards sparksU (38) /Uin grade-school children，suggestingU (39) /Uproperly presented inducements indeed aid inventiveness，U (40) /Uto a study in the June Journal of Personality and Social Psychology “If kids know theyre working for aU (41) /Uand can focus
19、U (42) /Ua relatively challenging task，they show the most creativity”，says Robert Eisenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark“But its easy to kill creativity by giving rewards forU (43) /Uperformance or creating tooU (44) /Uanticipation for rewards” A teacherU (45) /Ucontinually draws attent
20、ion to rewards or who handsU (46) /Uhigh grades for ordinary achievement ends upU (47) /Udiscouraged students，Eisenberger holdsU (48) /Uan example of the latter point，he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and restore failingU (49) /U In earlier grades，the use of
21、 so-called token economies，inU (50) /Ustudents handle challenging problem sand receive performance-based points toward valued rewards，shows promise in raising effort and creativity，the Delaware psychologist claims （分数：20.00）(1).（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_
22、填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_五、BSection Readi(总题数：4，分数：25.00)BPart A/BRead the following texts and answer the questions which accompany them by choosing A， B， C or D Mark your answers on BANSWER SHEET 1 /B BText 1/BOpinion polls are now beginning to sh
23、ow that，whoever is to blame and whatever happens from now on，high unemployment is probably here to stayThis means we shall have to make ways of sharing the available employment more widely But we need to go furtherWe must ask some primary questions about the future of workWould we continue to treat
24、employment as the norm? Would we not rather encourage many other ways for self-respecting people to work? Should we not create conditions in which many of us can work for ourselves，rather than for an employer? Should we not aim to revive the household and the neighborhood，as well as the factory and
25、the office，as centers of production and work? The industrial age has been the only period of human history in which most peoples work has taken the form of jobsThe industrial age may now be coming to an end，and some of the changes in work patterns which it brought may have to be reversedThis seems a
26、 daunting thoughtBut，in fact，it could provide the prospect of a better future for workUniversal employment，as its history shows，has not meant economic freedom Employment became widespread when the enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries made many people dependent on paid work by depriving them of
27、the use of the land，and thus of the means to provide a living for themselvesThen the factory system destroyed the cottage industries and removed work from peoples homesLater，as transportation improved，first by rail and then by road，people commuted longer distances to their places of employment until
28、，eventually，many peoples work lost all connection with their home lives and the place in which they lived Meanwhile，employment put women at a disadvantageIn pre-industrial time，men and women had shared the productive work of the household and village communityNow it became customary for the husband
29、to go out to paid employment，leaving the unpaid work of the home and family to his wifeTax and benefit regulations still assume this norm today and restrict more flexible sharing of work roles between the sexes It was not only women whose work status sufferedAs employment became the dominant form of
30、 work，young people and old people were excludeda problem now，as more teenagers become frustrated at school and more retired people want to live active lives All this may now have to changeThe time has certainly come to switch some effort and resources away from the idealist goal of creating jobs for
31、 all，to the urgent practical task of helping many people to manage without full time jobs （分数：5.00）(1).Research carried out in the recent opinion polls shows that_（分数：1.00）A.available employment should be restricted to a small percentage of the populationB.new jobs must be created in order to rectif
32、y high unemployment figuresC.available employment must be more widely distributed among the unemployedD.the nowaday high unemployment figures are a truth of life(2).The arrival of the industrial age in our historical evolution meant that_（分数：1.00）A.universal employment virtually guaranteed prosperit
33、yB.economic freedom came within everyones controlC.patterns of work were fundamentally changedD.peoples attitudes to work had to be reversed(3).The enclosures of the 17th and 18th centuries meant that_（分数：1.00）A.people were no longer legally entitled to own landB.people were driven to look elsewhere
34、 for means of supporting themselvesC.people were not adequately compensated for the loss of their landD.people were badly paid for the work they managed to find(4).The effects of almost universal employment were overwhelming in that_（分数：1.00）A.the household and village community disappeared complete
35、lyB.men now travelled enormous distances to their places of workC.young and old people became superfluous components of societyD.the work status of those not in paid employment suffered(5).The article concludes that_（分数：1.00）A.the creation of jobs for all is an impossibilityB.our efforts and resourc
36、es in terms of tackling unemployment are insufficientC.people should begin supporting themselves by learning a practical skillD.we should help those whose jobs are only part-timeBText 2/BThroughout history there have been many unusual taxes levied on such things as hats，beds，baths，marriages，and fune
37、ralsAt one time England levied a tax on sunlight by collection from every household with six or more windowsAnd according to legend，there was a Turkish ruler who collected a tax each time he dined with one of his subjectsWhy?To pay for the wear and tear on his teeth! Different kinds of taxes help to
38、 spread the tax burdenAnyone who pays a tax is said to“bear the burden”of the taxThe burden of a tax may fall more heavily on some persons than on othersThat is why the three levels of government in this country use several kinds of taxesThis spreads the burden of taxes among more peopleFrom the sta
39、ndpoint of their use，the most important taxes are income taxes，property taxes，sales taxes，and estate，inheritance，and gift taxesSome are used by only one level of government；others by two or even all three levelsTogether these different taxes make up what is called our tax system Income taxes are the
40、 main source of federal revenuesThe federal government gets more than three-fourths of its revenue from income taxesAs its name indicated，an income tax is a tax on earningsBoth individuals and business corporations pay a federal income tax The oldest tax in the United States today is the property ta
41、xIt provides most of the income for local governmentsIt provides at least a part of the income for all but a few statesIt is not used by the federal government A sales tax is a tax levied on purchasesMost people living in the United States know about sales taxes since they are used in all but four s
42、tatesActually there are several kinds of sales taxes，but only three of them are importantThey are general sales taxes，excise taxes，and import taxes Other three closely related taxes are estate，inheritance，and gift taxesEverything a person owns，including both real and personal property，makes up his o
43、r her estateWhen someone dies，ownership of his or her property or estate passes on to one or more individuals or organizationsBefore the property is transferred，however，it is subject to an estate tax if its value exceeds a certain amount （分数：5.00）(1).The reason that the Turkish ruler collected a din
44、ing tax is to pay for_（分数：1.00）A.the inconvenience for him to put on and take off clothesB.the damage that eating did to his teethC.his efforts to cut the food into piecesD.the decay of his teeth because of sugar(2).The government levies different kinds of taxes so that_（分数：1.00）A.the rich have to p
45、ay more and the poor lessB.a wider range of taxpayers can be includedC.each of three levels of government could get tax moneyD.the burden of taxes falls evenly on everybody(3).The federal government gets most of their income from_（分数：1.00）A.property taxB.income taxC.sales taxD.estate tax(4).How many
46、 states levy import taxes in the U.S.A.?（分数：1.00）A.4B.50C.46D.54(5).Which of the following statements is NOT true?（分数：1.00）A.Any form of property is subject to an estate tax when transferredB.Property tax provides a part of income for local governmentC.There are a few kinds of sales taxesD.Individuals and corporations both pay income taxesBText 3/BWorld leaders met recently at United Nations headquarters in New York City to discuss the environmental issues raised at the Rio
