1、公共英语五级-50 及答案解析(总分：64.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Impatience characterizes young intellectual workers. They want to make their mark 1 . So it“s important to get 2 to them in a challenging manner the idea 3 big achievements rarely come easily and quickly. Point out that the litt
2、le successes are essential. Show that they 4 turn become the foundation on 5 reputations are built and from which more important tasks can be accomplished. A variety of job assignments, including job or project rotation, also keep a job 6 becoming dull. Whereas it“s natural for some individuals to w
3、ant to move ahead immediately to more difficult assignments, 7 proper guidance they can continue to learn and to gain versatility by working on a number of jobs that are essentially 8 the same complexity. This way they gain breadth, if not depth. Probably the greatest offense to guard 9 when dealing
4、 with younger specialists is to reject ideas out of hand. You must listenand listen objectively to their suggestions. Avoid 10 overcritical. You want to nurture an inquiring mind with a fresh approach. You“ll frustrate it quickly if you revert too often 11 “We“ve tried that before and it won“t 12 he
5、re. “ One sure way to disenchant 13 college graduates is flagrantly misusing their talents. Expect them to do some routine work, of course. But don“t make their 14 work just one long series of errands. This includes such breakin assignments 15 performing routine calculations, digging up 16 material,
6、 17 operating reproduction equipment. One large manufacturing company recently interviewed a number of 18 engineers who had left them. The company found that the overwhelming complaint was that the company not only did not offer work that 19 challenging but also expected 20 too little from them in t
7、he way of performance.（分数：20.00）二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：5.00)When it comes to the slowing economy, Ellen Spero isn“t biting her nails just yet. But the 47-year-old manicurist isn“t cutting, filling or polishing as many nails as she“d like to, eithe
8、r. Most of her clients spend $12 to $50 weekly, but last month two longtime customers suddenly stopped showing up. Spero blames the softening economy. “I“m a good economic indicator,“ she says, “I provide a service that people can do without when they“re concerned about saving some dollars.“ So Sper
9、o is downscaling, shopping at middle-brow Dillard“s department store near her suburban Cleveland home, instead of Neiman Marcus. “I don“t know if other clients are going to abandon me, too.“ she says. Even before Alan Greenspan“s admission that America“s red-hot economy is cooling, lots of working f
10、olks had already seen signs of the slowdown themselves. From car dealerships to gap outlets, sales have been lagging for months as shoppers temper their spending. For retailers, who last year took in 24 percent of their revenue between Thanksgiving and Christmas, the cautious approach is coming at a
11、 crucial time. Already, experts say, holiday sales are off 7 percent from last year“s pace. But don“t sound any alarms just yet. Consumers seem only concerned, not panicked, and many say they remain optimistic about the economy“s long-term prospects, even as they do some modest belt-tightening. Cons
12、umers say they“re not in despair because, despite the dreadful headlines, their own fortunes still feel pretty good. In Manhattan, “there“s a new gold rush happening in the $4 million to $10 million range, predominantly fed by Wall Street bonuses,“ says broker Barbara Corcoran. In San Francisco, pri
13、ces are still rising even as frenzied overbidding quiets. “Instead of 20 to 30 offers, now maybe you only get two or three,“ says John Deadly, a Bay Area real-estate broker. And most folks still feel pretty comfortable about their ability to find and keep a job. Many folks see silver linings to this
14、 slowdown. Potential homebuyers would cheer for lower interest rates. Employers wouldn“t mind a little fewer bubbles in the job market. Many consumers seem to have been influenced by stock-market swings, which investors now view as a necessary ingredient to a sustained boom. Diners might see an upsi
15、de, too. Getting a table at Manhattan“s hot new Alain Ducasse restaurant need to be impossible. Not anymore. For that, Greenspan & Co. may still be worth toasting.（分数：5.00）(1).By “Ellen Spero isn“t biting her nails just yet“ (Line 1, Paragraph 1), the author means _.（分数：1.00）A.Spero can hardly maint
16、ain her businessB.Spero is too much engaged in her workC.Spero has grown out of her bad habitD.Spero is not in a desperate situation(2).How do the public feel about the current economic situation?（分数：1.00）A.Optimistic.B.Confused.C.Carefree.D.Panicked.(3).When mentioning “the $4 million to $10 millio
17、n range“ (Line 2, Paragraph 3) the author is talking about _.（分数：1.00）A.gold marketB.real estateC.stock exchangeD.venture investment(4).Why can many people see “silver linings“ to the economic slowdown?（分数：1.00）A.They would benefit in certain ways.B.The stock market shows signs of recovery.C.Such a
18、slowdown usually precedes a boom.D.The purchasing power would be enhanced.(5).To which of the following is the author likely to agree?（分数：1.00）A.A now boom, on the horizon.B.Tighten the belt, the single remedy.C.Caution all right, panic not.D.The more ventures, the more chances.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：5.0
19、0)Imagine eating everything delicious you want with none of the fat. That would be great, wouldn“t it? New “fake fat“ products appeared on store shelves in the United States recently, but not everyone is happy about it. Makers of the products, which contain a compound called olestra, say food manufa
20、cturers can now eliminate fat from certain foods. Critics, however, say the new compound can rob the body of essential vitamins and nutrients and also cause unpleasant side effects in some people. So it“s up to consumers to decide whether the new fat-free products taste good enough to keep eating. C
21、hemists discovered olestra in the late 1960s, when they were searching for a fat that could be digested by infants more easily. Instead of finding the desired fat, the researchers created a fat that can“t be digested at all. Normally, special chemicals in the intestines (肠道) “grab“ molecules of regu
22、lar fat and break them down so they can be used by the body. A molecule of regular fat is made up of three molecules of substances called fatty acids. The fatty acids are absorbed by the intestines and bring with them the essential vitamins A, D, E and K. When fat molecules are present in the intest
23、ines with any of those vitamins, the vitamins attach to the molecules and are carried into the bloodstream. Olestra, which is made from six to eight molecules of fatty acids, is too large for the intestines to absorb. It just slides through the intestines without being broken down. Manufacturers say
24、 it“s that ability to slide unchanged through the intestines that makes olestra so valuable as a fit substitute. It provides consumers with the taste of regular fat without any bad effects on the body. But critics say olestra can prevent vitamins A, D, E and K from being absorbed. It can also preven
25、t the absorption of carotenoids (类胡萝卜素), compounds that may reduce the risk of cancer, heart disease, etc. Manufacturers are adding vitamins A, D, E and K as well as carotenoids to their products now. Even so, some nutritionists are still concerned that people might eat unlimited amounts of food mad
26、e with the fat substitute without worrying about how many calories they are consuming.（分数：5.00）(1).We learn from the passage that olestra is a substance that _.（分数：1.00）A.contains plenty of nutrientsB.makes foods fat-free while keeping them deliciousC.renders foods calorie-free while retaining their
27、 vitaminsD.makes food easily digestible(2).The result of the search for an easily digestible fat turned out to be _.（分数：1.00）A.just as anticipatedB.commercially uselessC.quite unexpectedD.somewhat controversial(3).Olestra is different from ordinary fats in that _.（分数：1.00）A.it facilitates the absorp
28、tion of vitamins by the bodyB.it passes through the intestines without being absorbedC.it helps reduce the incidence of heart diseaseD.it prevents excessive intake of vitamins(4).What is a possible negative effect of olestra according to some critics?（分数：1.00）A.It may increase the risk of cancer.B.I
29、t may impair the digestive systemC.It may spoil the consumers“ appetite.D.It may affect the overall fat intake.(5).Why are nutritionists concerned about adding vitamins to olestra?（分数：1.00）A.People may be induced to eat more than is necessary.B.It may trigger a new wave of fake food production.C.It
30、may lead to the over-consumption of vitamins.D.The function of the intestines may be weakened.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Few writers are as revered as Jane Austen. According to a poll in March, Pride and Prejudicea romance without a single kissis the book Britons love most. Austen adaptations abound: th
31、e BBC is filming a new version of Sense and Sensibility written by Andrew Davies, whose 1995 Pride and Prejudice was a global success, and ITV has just shown three of her other five novels. But Janeites, as the author“s most avid devotees style themselves, have few relics to worship. Most of her let
32、ters were burned on her death, and a single sketch by her sister, Cassandra, showing her purse-lipped and in her night-cap, is the only generally acknowledged image of her face. That picture, now hanging in the National Portrait Gallery in London, depicts a woman so plain that it is often reworked f
33、or book covers. That is perhaps why there has been so much interest in a portrait by Ozias Humphrey, a minor society artist of the 18th century, which was auctioned in New York on April 19th by Christie“s. According to its owner, Henry Rice, a sixth-generation descendant of Miss Austen“s brother Edw
34、ard, it shows Jane at about 14, and was commissioned by a great-uncle to help her marriage prospects. Not everyone is convinced that the picture is in fact of Miss Austen. The National Portrait Gallery has repeatedly declined to purchase it, citing supposed anachronisms in the subject“s costume and
35、a tax stamp on the canvas. Its pre-auction valuation reflected this uncertainty: although $400,000-800,000 is far more than any of Mr. Humphrey“s works has achieved before now, a buyer who believed he was looking at Miss Austen would surely be prepared to pay more. The doubts expressed in London are
36、 one reason why the portrait was sold in New York. Another is that Americans are as keen on Miss Austen as Britons are. The BBC“s Pride and Prejudice was co-produced by A&E, an American cable channel, and another such channel, HBO, co-financed ITV“s adaptations. Versions of her books for the big scr
37、een have relied on American cash and not a few American actors. At the heart of each of the novels is a heroineand a marriage. But unlike her heroines, Miss Austen remained single, and some wonder whether that sour-faced sketch by her sister tells us why. Becoming Jane , a recent Hollywood productio
38、n, presents a different, highly speculative, explanation: a beautiful girl has her heart broken by a flighty Irishman and turns to writing for solace. Miss Austen herself rated her heroines“ other attributes more highly than their looks, on which she rarely spends more than a few unspecific words. T
39、he rest are devoted to what these women think and say, which is also what matters most about Jane Austen.（分数：5.00）(1).Which of the following statements is true?（分数：1.00）A.Britons do not enjoy stories with lots of romantic details.B.Davies wrote a novel of the same title with one of Austen“s.C.Austen
40、 has been highly respected in Britain.D.Sense and Sensibilityproduced by BBC was an instant hit.(2).What can be said about the portrait of Austen in the National Portrait Gallery in London?（分数：1.00）A.It was done by Austen“s sister and was poorly painted.B.It is the only portrait of Austen that is kn
41、own to the public.C.Copies of it have been made for use on book covers.D.Austen was presented by her sister as an unattractive woman.(3).What can be known about the portrait of Austen drawn by Ozias Humphrey?（分数：1.00）A.It could be worth more if the subject in it had been Austen herself.B.The Nationa
42、l Portrait Gallery did not want the portrait damaged by a tax stamp on the canvas.C.Humphrey was asked to do the job because of his talent in making the subject pretty.D.It could be sold at a higher price in New York than in London.(4).How are the heroines treated in Austen“s works?（分数：1.00）A.They a
43、re both pretty and witty.B.They are not good at expressing themselves.C.They all get married in the end.D.They resemble Austen in appearance.(5).What is the best title of the text?（分数：1.00）A.Austen and Her WorksB.Portrait of a LadyC.Adaptation of Austen“s WorksD.Austen: A Writer without Romance七、Par
44、t B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Dr Marvin Marshall developed a system that would promote responsible behavior by internally motivating students. Drawing on his own teaching experiences, as well as the insights of others who had explored the area of human potential, he would be pro-active rather than constantly re
45、acting to inappropriate classroom behaviors. 1 To teach responsible behavior, he developed an order of social development that explained different levels of human social behavior in simple terms that his students could understand. Without any social order, anarchy and chaos erupt. The two lowest lev
46、els of his hierarchy are Level A: Anarchy and Level B: Bossing/Bullying. In the classroom, both levels are unacceptable. A society becomes civil when its people cooperate and live according to external influences. This led to the naming of Level C: Cooperation/Conformity. When people mature, cultiva
47、te manners, and develop values of right and wrong, the motivations to behave welloriginally externalbecome internalized. Doing the right thing simply because it is the right thing to dowithout being asked or toldis the concept that characterizes the fourth and highest level. He refers to it as Level
48、 D: Democracy, because taking the initiative to be responsible is an essential characteristics of self-rule. Internal vs. External Motivation Motivation is either external or internal. External motivation applies when the aim of the performance is to gain approval, to receive a reward or to avoid pu
49、nishment. Internal motivation applies when people perform for inner satisfaction. Although humans operate from both external and internal motivation, the motivation itself cannot be discerned from a person“s actions. In a classroom, both types of motivation are acceptable as long as the end result is the same, but his goal was to develop a system to promote internally motivated responsibility in young people. 2 Management professor Douglas McGregor examined the factors underlying the different ways people attempt to influence human activity. He concluded t
