1、公共英语五级-211 及答案解析(总分：75.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Children who grip their pens too close to the writing point are likely to be at a disadvantage in examinations, 1 to the first serious investigation into the way in which writing technique can dramatically affect educational ac
2、hievement. The survey of 643 children and adults, ranking from pre-school to 40-plus, also suggests 2 pen-holding techniques have deteriorated sharply over one generation, with teachers now paying far 3 attention to correct pen grip and handwriting style. Stephanie Thomas, a learning support teacher
3、 4 findings have been published, was inspired to investigate this area 5 he noticed that those students who had the most trouble with spelling 6 had a poor pen grip. While Mr. Thomas could not establish a significant statistical link 7 pen-holding style and accuracy in spelling, he 8 find huge diffe
4、rences in technique between the young children and the mature adults, and a definite 9 between near-point gripping and slow, illegible writing. People who 10 their pens at the writing point also show other characteristics 11 inhibit learning, 12 as poor posture, leaning too 13 to the desk, using fou
5、r fingers to grip the pen 14 than three, and clumsy positioning of the thumb (which can obscure 15 is being written). Mr. Thomas believes that the 16 between elder and younger writers is 17 too dramatic to be accounted for simply by the possibility that people get better at writing as they grow 18 .
6、 He attributes it to a failure to teach the most effective methods, pointing out that the differences between 19 groups coincides with the abandonment of formal handwriting instruction in classrooms in the sixties. “The 30-year-old showed a huge diversity of grips, 20 the over 40s group all had a un
7、iform “tripod“ grip.“（分数：20.00）二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：5.00)On an average of six limes a day, a doctor in Holland practices “active“ euthanasia: intentionally administering a lethal drug to a terminally ill patient who has asked to be relieved of s
8、uffering. Twenty times a day, life-prolonging treatment is withheld or withdrawn when there is no hope that it can affect an ultimate cure. “Active“ euthanasia remains a crime on the Dutch statute books punishable by 12 years in prison. But a series of court cases over the past 15 years has made it
9、clear that a competent physician who carries it out will not be prosecuted. Euthanasia, often called “mercy killing“, is a crime everywhere in Western Europe. But more and more doctors and nurses in Britain, West Germany, Holland and elsewhere readily admit to practicing it, most often in the “passi
10、ve“ form of withholding or withdrawing treatment. The long simmering euthanasia issue has lately boiled over into a sometimes fierce public debate, with both sides claiming the mantle of ultimate righteousness. Those opposed to the practice see themselves up-holding sacred principles of respect for
11、life, while those in favor raise the banner of humane treatment. After years on the defensive, the advocates now seem to be gaining ground. Recent polls in Britain show that 72 percent of British subjects favor euthanasia in some circumstances. An astonishing 76 percent of respondents to a poll take
12、n late last year in France said they would like the law changed to decriminalize mercy killings. Reasons for the latest surge of interest in euthanasia are not hard to find. Europeans, like Americans, are now living longer. The average European male now lives to the age of 72, women to almost 80. As
13、 Derek Humphrey, a leading British advocate of “rational euthanasia“ says, “lingering chronic diseases have replaced critical illnesses as the primary cause of death.“ And so the euthanasists have begun to press their case with greater force. They argue that every human being should have the right t
14、o “die with dignity“, by which they usually mean the right to escape the horrors of a painful or degrading hospitalization. Most advocates of voluntary euthanasia have argued that the right to die should be accorded only to the terminally and incurably ill, but the movement also includes a small min
15、ority who believe in euthanasia for anyone who rationally decides to take his own life. That right is unlikely to get legal recognition any time in the near future. Even in the Netherlands, the proposals now before Parliament would restrict euthanasia to a small number of cases and would surround ev
16、en those with elaborate safeguards.（分数：5.00）(1).According to Paragraph 1, which of the following is not true?（分数：1.00）A.“Active“ euthanasia is regarded as a crime by Dutch law.B.The doctor who carried out euthanasia will be charged.C.An unqualified doctor carrying out euthanasia will be accused.D.“A
17、ctive“ euthanasia executives will be sentenced to 12 years imprisonment.(2).Euthanasia is often called “mercy killing“, which implies that _.（分数：1.00）A.people should show sympathy for a terminally ill patient.B.some doctors murder patients shielding themselves from mercy.C.humane treatment to dying
18、patients should be required.D.the dying patients are suffering from the pain and they don“t want to live on.(3).Most advocates of voluntary euthanasia hold the opinion that _.（分数：1.00）A.only terminally ill patients can have euthanasia.B.if anyone who rationally decides to end his life, he can have e
19、uthanasia.C.people should respect for life.D.no matter what punishment they get, they“ll carry out euthanasia to patients.(4).The author“s attitudes towards euthanasia are _.（分数：1.00）A.positive.B.negative.C.objective.D.uncertain.(5).In Paragraph 2, “boiled over“ means _.（分数：1.00）A.bursting into.B.ma
20、king the water hot enough to boil.C.causing great anger.D.fighting one another.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Earthquake survivors trapped in rubble could one day be saved by an unlikely rescuer: A robotic caterpillar that burrows its way through debris. Just a few centimeters wide, the robot relies on magn
21、etic fields to propel it through the kind of tiny crevices that would foil the wheeled or tracked search robots currently used to locate people trapped in collapsed buildings. The caterpillar“s inventor, Norihiko Saga of Akita Prefectural University in Japan, will demonstrate his new method of locom
22、otion at a conference on magnetic materials in Seattle. In addition to lights and cameras, a search caterpillar could be equipped with an array of sensors to measure other factorssuch as radioactivity or oxygen levelsthat could tell human rescuers if an area is safe to enter. The magnetic caterpilla
23、r is amazingly simple. It moves by a process similar to peristalsis, the rhythmic contraction that moves food down your intestine. Saga made the caterpillar from a series of rubber capsules filled with a magnetic fluid consisting of iron particles, water, and a detergent-like surfactant, which reduc
24、es the surface tension of the fluid. Each capsule is linked to the next by a pair of rubber rods. The caterpillar“s guts are wrapped in a clear, flexible polymer tube that protects it from the environment. To make the caterpillar move forwards, Saga moves a magnetic field backwards along the caterpi
25、llar. Inside the caterpillar“s “head“ capsule, magnetic fluid surges towards the attractive magnetic field, causing the capsule to bulge out to the sides and draw its front and rear portions up. As the magnetic field passes to the next capsule, the first breaks free and springs forward and the next
26、capsule bunches up. In this way, the caterpillar can reach speeds of 4 centimeters per second as it crawls along. Moving the magnetic field faster can make it traverse the caterpillar before all the capsules have sprung back to their original shapes. The segments then all spring back, almost but not
27、 quite simultaneously. Saga plans to automate the movement of the caterpillar by placing electromagnets at regular intervals along the inside of its polymer tube. By phasing the current flow to the electromagnets, he“ll be able to control it wirelessly via remote control. He also needs to find a new
28、 type of rubber for the magnetic capsules, because the one he“s using at the minute eventually begins to leak. But crawling is not the most efficient form of locomotion for robots, says Robert Full of the University of California at Berkeley, an expert in animal motion who occasionally advises robot
29、ics designers. “If you look at the energetic cost of crawling, compared to walking, swimming or flying, crawling is very expensive,“ he says. Walking, on the other every step, energy is conserved in the foot and then released to help the foot spring up. Saga acknowledges this inefficiency but says h
30、is caterpillar is far more stable than one that walks, rolls on wheels or flies. It has no moving parts save for a few fluid-filled rubber capsules. Biped robots and wheeled robots require a smooth surface and are difficult to miniaturize, and flying robots have too many moving parts. “My peristalti
31、c crawling robot is simple and it works,“ he says.（分数：5.00）(1).From this passage, we can learn that _.（分数：1.00）A.a robotic caterpillar can crawl by a pair of rubber rodsB.when a caterpillar moves, the magnetic field moves backwards along itC.the environment couldn“t influence a robotic caterpillar“s
32、 guts, which are wrapped in a capsuleD.crawling is very stable and efficient, and when it moves, only a few elements are needed(2).According to this passage, which is not true about the construction of the robotic caterpillar?（分数：1.00）A.A robotic caterpillar is made from a series of rubber capsules
33、filled with a magnetic fluid.B.Iron particles, water, and a detergent-like surfactant form a magnetic fluid.C.Each capsule filled with a magnetic fluid is linked to the next by a pair of rubber rods.D.In order to keep stable condition, the caterpillar“s guts are wrapped in a clear, flexible polymer
34、tube.(3).The meaning of the word “peristalsis“ in Paragraph 3 is similar to _.（分数：1.00）A.swimmingB.flyingC.crawlingD.walking(4).Comparing the robotic caterpillar and the other robots, which of the following is not true?（分数：1.00）A.A smooth surface is indispensable to biped robots and wheeled robots.B
35、.Flying robots are very inconvenient when moving, because they have too many moving parts.C.The robotic caterpillar only has rubber capsules filled with a magnetic fluid.D.It“s incapable for wheeled robots to locate trapped people because they are impossible to miniaturize.(5).The passage is mainly
36、about _.（分数：1.00）A.why a robotic caterpillar can find trapped peopleB.how a robotic caterpillar worksC.the instruction of the magnetic caterpillarD.how a robotic caterpillar crawls六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：5.00)The government will be told next month that a stark new class divide is opening between career wo
37、men and mothers who give up work to become housewives. While career mums are able to build on the increased “social capital“ or status that a modem education and equal access to the workplace have afforded them, stay-at-home mothers rapidly lose their social status. The new study of social mobility
38、and its conclusion that middle-class women are becoming increasingly “polarised“ will be presented at a Cabinet Office meeting later this month by Professor Jonathan Gershuny, a leading sociologists. He will say that while reforms in equal opportunities legislation over the past 30 years have improv
39、ed women“s life chances, all the gains can be lost at the point when they have children if they are unable to afford nurseries or nannies. “When they enter the labor force, young men and women now have similar level of educational attainment, but from the first child“s birth a new dynamic emerges,“
40、said Gershuny. “In almost all cases where childcare is unaffordable, the woman withdraws (from work). And the withdrawal means a progressive reduction in accumulated work experience, perhaps the loss of a promotion, so the wife“s capital falls.“ Critics claim the constant emphasis on equal economic
41、attainment for men and women is feeding the divorce rate and destroying family life. In addition, many mothers choose to stay at home to ensure that they, rather than an outsider, play the main role in bringing up their children. While women“s place in the class system is increasingly determined by
42、their ability to afford children, the declining social status of stay-at-home mums may be accentuated by the break-up of local communities, itself partly a product in increased social mobility. The importance of access to child-care and the determining effect it can have on women“s lives is leading
43、them to delay the age at which they have their first child. Many middle-class women do not even consider having their children until they are into their thirties. Researchers say that other social changes have made the life of the stay-at-home mother even less attractive. Greater social mobility mea
44、ns relatives are now less likely to be available to offer help. Danielle Stewart, 41, form south London, is a member of the “superwomen“ tribe and has two children, Francesca, 7, and Isabelle, 4. she earns more than 150,000 a year, of which she spends 24,000 a year on a nanny. “I am a strong woman w
45、ho is giving my girl a great example. The intellectual inspiration of work has been fantastic, and I think if I had stayed at home and given up work I would not have got that.“ Gershumy“s research suggests that career women like Stewart, who are able to afford childcare, almost always come from well
46、-to-do backgrounds. It suggests that the old British class system where privilege and status are passed down the generations is still very much alive.（分数：5.00）(1).How can you interpret the sentence, middle-class women are becoming increasingly “polarised“ (Para. 3) ?（分数：1.00）A.middle-class women are
47、 undergoing opposing division.B.middle-class women prefer to go to the Poles of the world.C.middle-class women are becoming more and more popular.D.middle-class women have more and more problems.(2).The following statements are right except that _.（分数：1.00）A.many middle-class women do not even consi
48、der having their children until, they are over thirty years old.B.career mums are able to go into higher social status compared with housewives.C.all are endowed with equality by law but things could be different between career women and housewives.D.most mothers would choose to stay at home to brin
49、g up their children.(3).What attributes to the housewives“ declining social status?（分数：1.00）A.They have less work experience.B.They lose chance of getting promoted.C.They attain less in economy.D.All the above.(4).What plays a decisive role in women“s withdrawing from work?（分数：1.00）A.Their inability to afford childcare.B.Their reluctance to have babysitters.C.Their declining social status.D.The social mobility.(5).What can be the best title of the passage?（分数：1.00）A.Housewives Go Backwards in Status Race.B.Career Women and Housewives.C.Social M
