1、公共英语五级-209 及答案解析(总分：74.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Pollution is a “dirty“ word. To pollute means to contaminate-to spoil something by introducing impurities which make 1 unfit or unclean to use. Pollution comes in many forms. We see it, smell it, 2 it, drink it, and stumble thr
2、ough it. We literally lived in and breathe pollution, and 3 surprisingly, it is beginning to 4 our health, our happiness, and our very civilization. Once we thought of pollution 5 meaning simply smog-the choking, stinging, dirty 6 that hovers over cities. But air pollution, while it is 7 the most da
3、ngerous, is only one type of contamination among several 8 attack the most basic life functions. Through the uncontrolled use of insecticides, man has polluted the land, 9 the wildlife. By 10 sewage and chemicals into river and lakes, we have contaminated our 11 water. We are polluting the oceans, t
4、oo, killing the fish and 12 depriving ourselves 13 an invaluable food supply. Part of the problem is our exploding 14 . More and more people produce more wastes. But this problem is intensified by our “throw-away“ technology. Each year Americans 15 of 7 million autos, 20 million tons of waste paper,
5、 25 million pounds of toothpaste tubes and 48 million cans. We throw away gum wrappers, newspapers, and paper plates. It is no longer fashionable to 16 anything. Today almost everything is disposable. 17 of repairing a toaster or a radio, it is easier and cheaper to buy a new one and discard the old
6、, even 18 95 percent of its parts may still be functioning. Baby diapers, which used to be made of reusable cloth, are now paper throw-aways. Soon we will wear clothing made of 19 :“Wear it once and throw it away, “will be the slogan of the fashion. Where is this all to end? Are we turning the world
7、 into a gigantic dump, or is there hope that we can solve the pollution problem? 20 solutions are in sight. A few of them are positively ingenious.（分数：20.00）二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：4.00)From China to America, political leaders are wondering how to
8、handle with the newly-elected Russian President Vladimir V. Putin. The 47-year-old leader has not yet to reveal details of his foreign-policy vision, but this is much clear. He wants Russia to stand tall-or at least, taller-in the world. “It would be unreasonable to be afraid of a strong Russia, but
9、 one should reckon with it,“he declared in an “open letter“ to voters shortly after they elected him on March 26. “One can insult us only at one“s own peril.“ The important point is whether Putin“s efforts to build new respect for Russia will lead to confrontation with the West. For now, Putin seems
10、 hopeful of putting Russian-Western relations on a better standing-despite U. S. and European criticism of the Chechen War. Putin is the one taking the initiative, media say, for a tete-a-tete with U. S. President Bill Clinton. The pair discussed a possible meeting when Clinton called Putin on March
11、 27 to congratulate him. They hope to meet before the July Group of Eight meeting in Okinawa. “Putin wants it to be constructive,“ says Robert Legvold, a Russia watcher at Columbia University. The new president, Putin seems willing to negotiate arms control and security issues with Washington. Clint
12、on wants Russia“s agreement to revise the 1972 anti-ballistic missile treaty so that the U. S. can build a limited national missile defense. Putin would want something in return-perhaps the right to sell its missile-defense technology to potential customers such as South Korea. Putin is also looking
13、 for a deal from the Paris Club of creditor governments on reducing 40 billion in Soviet debt. Encouraged by Putin“s promises to enforce the rule of law, the creditors are likely to give him a break. Any sober calculation of Russia“s global status suggests that Russia needs the West more than the We
14、st needs Russia. And whatever is generally thought, Russia has more to gain from America and Europe than it does from China. That“s why the West should be unafraid of laying down rules for Putin-and brace for a time of testing. Putin is often described as both an opportunist and a cynic, but there i
15、s no doubt one attribute that he respects: power.（分数：4.00）(1).What does the sentence “One can insult us only at one“s own peril.“ mean in the first paragraph?（分数：0.80）A.One can insult us only when one is in peril.B.Anyone who offends us will be in danger.C.Anyone who is in peril can insult us.D.We“l
16、l never offend those who are in danger.(2).According to the passage, which of the statements is NOT true?（分数：0.80）A.Putin was elected on March 26.B.Clinton called Putin on March 27 to congratulate him.C.Clinton wants Putin to maintain the 1972 anti-ballistic missile treaty.D.Putin wants the right to
17、 sell its missile-defence technology to will-be customers.(3).Which of the following statements about Putin is true?（分数：0.80）A.He was born in 1950.B.He is often considered as the one who takes advantage of any opportunity to gain power i or money.C.He has shown details of his foreign-policy attitude
18、.D.He is very powerful.(4).What does the last paragraph imply?（分数：0.80）A.China is vital to Russia.B.Russia is a threat to China.C.Russia needs the West in some aspects.D.Russia is a threat to the West.(5).In the last sentence of the last paragraph the word “cynic“is closest in meaning to（分数：0.80）A.“
19、a fault-finding critic“.B.“a peace-loving man“.C.“an outgoing man“.D.“a favorite companion“.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：5.00)The molecules of carbon dioxide in the Earth“s atmosphere affect the heat balance of the Earth by acting as a one-way screen. Although these molecules allow radiation at visible wavelen
20、gths, where most of the energy of sunlight is concentrated, to pass through, they absorb some of the longer-wavelength, infrared emissions radiated from the Earth“s surface, radiation that would otherwise be transmitted back into space. For the Earth to maintain a constant average temperature, such
21、emissions from the planet must balance incoming solar radiation. If there were no carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, heat would escape from the Earth much more easily. The surface temperature would be so much lower that the oceans might be a solid mass of ice. Today, however, the potential problem is
22、 too much carbon dioxide. The burning of fossil fuels and the cleaning of forests have increased atmospheric carbon dioxide by about 15 percent in the last hundred years and we continue to add carbon dioxide to the atmosphere. Could the increase in carbon dioxide cause a global rise in average tempe
23、rature, and could such a rise have serious consequences for human society? Mathematical models that allow us to calculate the rise in temperature as a function of the increase indicate that the answer is probably “yes“. Under present conditions a temperature of -8 can be observed at an altitude of 5
24、 to 6 kilometers above the Earth. Below this altitude (called the radiating level), the temperature increases by about 6 per kilometer approaching the Earth“s surface, where the average temperature is about 15. An increase in the amount of carbon dioxide means that there are more molecules of carbon
25、 dioxide to absorb infrared radiation. As the capacity of the atmosphere to absorb infrared radiation increase, the radiating level and the temperature of the surface must rise. One mathematical model predicts that doubling the atmosphere carbon dioxide would raise the global mean surface temperatur
26、e by 2.5. This model assumes that the atmosphere“s relative humidity remains constant and the temperature decreases with altitude at a rate of 6.5 per kilometer. The assumption of constant relative humidity is important, because water vapor in the atmosphere is another efficient absorber of radiatio
27、n at infrared wavelengths. Because warm air can hold more moisture than cool air, the relative humidity will be constant only if the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere increases as the temperature rises. Therefore, more infrared radiation would be absorbed and reradiated back to the Earth“s sur
28、face. The resultant warming at the surface could be expected to melt snow and ice, reducing the Earth“s reflectivity. More solar radiation would then be absorbed, leading to a further increase in temperature.（分数：5.00）(1).According to the passage, the greatest part of the solar energy that reaches th
29、e Earth is _.（分数：1.00）A.concentrated at visible wavelengthsB.absorbed by carbon dioxide moleculesC.absorbed by atmospheric water vaporD.reflected back to space by snow and ice(2).According to the passage, atmospheric carbon dioxide performs all of the following functions EXCEPT _.（分数：1.00）A.absorbin
30、g radiation at visible wavelengthsB.absorbing infrared radiationC.absorbing outgoing radiation from the EarthD.helping to retain heat near the Earth“s surface(3).Which of the following best describes the author“s attitude toward the increasing amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and its conse
31、quences?（分数：1.00）A.Incredulous.B.Interested but skeptical.C.Angry yet resigned.D.Objective yet concerned(4).It can be concluded from information contained in the passage that the average temperature at an altitude of 1 kilometer above the Earth is about _.（分数：1.00）A.15B.9C.25D.-18(5).According to th
32、e passage, which of the following is true of the last hundred years?（分数：1.00）A.Fossil fuels were burned for the first time.B.The average temperature at the Earth“s surface has become 2 cooler.C.The amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has increased measurably.D.The amount of farmland worldwide
33、 has doubled.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Gone are the days when women“s philanthropy referred only to sweet dears who ran the school auction or gussied up for the charity gala. This decade, women have emerged as a financially high-powered cadre, poised to give generously of their business skills and thei
34、r money. By 1992, women-owned businesses employed more people than did Fortune 500 companies. In 1997, women held half of the chief executive officer positions at foundations across the United States. This year, womenincluding some who are beneficiaries of large inheritances-control slightly more th
35、an half the personal wealth in the nation, according to a study by the Federal Reserve Board. They also donate twice as much as men, according to a study by the National Science Foundation. “These days, charitable fund-raisers are learning that nobody can afford to overlook the rising influence of w
36、omen“, says Sharon Hadary, executive director of the National Foundation for Women Business Owners. The NFWBO revealed new research at a day-long conference at Simmons College in Boston last month that focused on women and philanthropy. More than 200 women attended, ranging from powerful corporate e
37、xecutives to entrepreneurs, fund-raisers, and financial advisers. Many belonged to The Committee of 200(C200), a group that requires its members to own companies with revenues in excess of $ 15 million, or manage divisions of US corporations that generate at least $100 million a year. The conference
38、 kicked off with the NFWBO“s survey of C200 members, revealing that 74 percent of the women polled created their wealth on their own. Also, 84 percent make philanthropic decisions on their own, even if they are married. But regardless of whether women in the major leagues of philanthropy inherit the
39、ir fortunes or earn them, these women aren“t just writing checks. They are also demanding, more influence over exactly how their donations are spent. “These savvy women, who have demonstrated business acumen, are motivated to give to organizations that support issues that they are passionate about,“
40、 says Linda Paresky, chair emerita of the C200 Foundation. Indeed, 86 percent of the women polled said their philanthropic decisions are influenced not only by their passion for the cause but also by whether or not the organization is managed well. The survey also found that women are more intereste
41、d in promoting causes, like education or women“s health, than in having their names on buildings. Women also prefer collaborative rather than competitive fund-raising approaches. Despite playing a bigger role in philanthropy. One in 4 women surveyed believes women are still not taken as seriously as
42、 men by those seeking donations.（分数：5.00）(1).From this report we can infer that _.（分数：1.00）A.women have higher social statusB.Women have higher economic statusC.Women“s influence is risingD.Women have got more chances to work(2).What is the percentage of women who said that their philanthropic decis
43、ions were made by themselves?（分数：1.00）A.74%.B.84%.C.86%.D.1/4.(3).What is the committee of 2007 _.（分数：1.00）A.It refers to 200 women who attended a day-long conference.B.It is a group which requires its members to possess companies with revenues in excess of 15 million.C.It is a group which requires
44、its members to manage divisions of US Corporations that produce at least $100 million per year.D.Both B and C.(4).The survey made indicated that _.（分数：1.00）A.women lose their control over the personal wealth in the United StatesB.women like to work in the companiesC.women-own companies took on more
45、people than Fortune 500 companies did by 1992D.women inherit more fortunes than men(5).The surveys also found that women _.（分数：1.00）A.Want to know work influence over exactly how their donations are spentB.Believe that they are still not paid as much attention to as men by those seeking donationsC.D
46、ecide to give donations influenced both by their passion and by their rationalityD.Will do all those above七、Part B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)With 500 days left until the year 2,000, experts said last week, that it may already be too late for many companies to defuse the millennium computer time bomb. According
47、to the Gartner Group, A US high-technology consultant agency, nearly a quarter of all worldwide companies have not yet started work on plans to to solve the year 2,000 programme problems. 1 The Gartner Group, which said last year the millennium bomb rehabilitation would cost between US $300 billion
48、and US $ 600 billion worldwide, also said in the report published this month when only 50 per cent of companies that had projects to eliminate the bug planned to test their corrected systems. Dangerous policy Experts said this was a dangerous policy, because correcting computer programmes often intr
49、oduced new flaws. Testing was essential. The millennium computer bomb is a legacy from shortcuts by software writers, who in the name of economy expressed years with just the final two digits rather than four. When clocks tick past midnight on December 31,1999, many unrectified computers and chips will interpret the double zero as 1900. 2 Some experts say the problem has been “grossly exaggerated by software companies seeking to scare customers into buying the latest, bug-free products. 3 “The situation is pretty tatal. Most companies are do
