1、公共英语五级-204 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：40.00)The most obvious purpose of advertising is to inform the consumer of available products or services. The second 1 is to sell the product. The second purpose might be more important to the manufacturers than the 2 . The manufac
2、turers go beyond only telling consumers about their products. They also try to persuade customers to buy the 3 by creating a desire 4 it. Because of advertisement, consumers think that they want something that they do not need. After buying something, the purchaser cannot always explain why it was 5
3、 . Even 6 the purchaser probably does not know why he or she bought something, the manufacturers 7 . Manufacturers have analyzed the business of 8 and buying. They know all the different motives that influence a consumer“s purchasesome rational and 9 emotional. Furthermore, they take advantage of th
4、is 10 . Why 11 so many products displayed at the checkout counters in grocery stores? The store management has some good 12 . By the time the customer is 13 to pay for a purchase, he or she has already made rational, thought-out decisions 14 what he or she needs and wants to buy. The 15 feels that h
5、e or she has done a good job of choosing the items. The shopper is especially vulnerable at this point. The 16 of candy, chewing gum, and magazines are very attractive. They persuade the purchaser to buy something for emotional, not 17 motives. For example, the customer neither needs nor plans to bu
6、y candy, but while the customer is standing, waiting to pay money, he or she may suddenly decide to buy 18 . This is exactly 19 the store and the manufacturer hope that the customer will 20 . The customer follows his or her plan.（分数：40.00）二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、T
7、ext 1(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Today TV audiences all over the world are accustomed to the sight of American astronauts in tip-top condition, with fair hair, crew-cuts, good teeth, an uncomplicated sense of humour and a severely limited non-technical vocabulary. What marks out an astronaut from his earthbound
8、 fellow human beings is something of a difficult problem. Should you wish to interview him, you must apply beforehand, and you must be prepared for a longish wait, even if your application meets with success. It is, in any case, out of the question to interview an astronaut about his family life or
9、personal activities. Because all the astronauts have contracts with an American magazine under conditions for-bidding any unauthorized disclosures about their private lives. Certain obvious qualities are needed. Anyone who would be a spaceman must be in perfect health, must have powers of concentrat
10、ion (since work inside a spacecraft is exceptionally demanding) and must have considerable courage. Again, space-work calls for dedication. Courage and dedication are particularly essential. In the well-known case of the Challenger seven crew members lost their lives in space because of the faulty e
11、quipment in the shuttle. Another must be outstanding scientific expertise. It goes without saying that they all have to have professional aero-nautical qualifications and experience. A striking feature of the astronauts is their ages. For the younger man, in his twenties, say, space is out. Only one
12、 of the fifty men working for NASA in 1970 was under 30. The oldest astronaut to date is Alan Shepard, America“s first man in space, who, at nearly fifty, was also the man who captained Apollo 13. The average age is the late thirties. The crew members of Apollo 11 were all born well before the Secon
13、d World War. In 1986 the Challenger astronauts had an average age of 39. The range was from 35 to 46. In a society where marital continuity is not always exhibited, the astronauts“ record in this respect hits you in the eye. Of all the married men in NASA group, only two or three are divorced from t
14、heir wives. Mind you, it is hard to tell whether something in the basic character of an astronaut encourages fidelity or whether the selection process demands that a candidate should be happily married. The NASA astronauts live in unattractive small communities dotted here and there around the base
15、in Texas. You would expect them to find their friends from among their professional associates. But this is not the case. Rather, they prefer to make friends with the normal folk in their districts. Astronauts, like everybody else, must get fed up with talking shop all the time, and whereas they are
16、 indeed an elite, their daily life outside work should be as normal as possible, if only for the sake of their families. As for the astronauts“ political leanings, they seem to be towards the right. This may be due to the fact that a large proportion of the astronauts have a military background. On
17、the other hand, it could be just coincidence.（分数：10.00）(1).Details of the private life of an astronaut are hard to come by. Because they are _.（分数：2.00）A.his own business and privacyB.secrets as far as interviews are concernedC.the property of an American magazineD.the first-rate national confidenti
18、al information(2).To audience, the typical American astronaut _.（分数：2.00）A.has a limited vocabularyB.is a clean-cut, cheerful and frank guyC.can“t understand a sophisticated jokeD.is well-built but rather slow-witted(3).In politics, astronauts are generally _.（分数：2.00）A.democratsB.republicansC.conse
19、rvativesD.communists(4).The phrase “talking shop“ (Line 4, Para. 6) probably means _.（分数：2.00）A.talking about shoppingB.discussing one“s work with colleaguesC.exchanging personal newsD.talking with friends in a group(5).Which of the statements is NOT true?（分数：2.00）A.Astronauts have a good job which
20、demands high.B.The divorce rate in NASA is very low.C.The NASA astronauts mostly find friends from among their work.D.There is no younger man in his twenties in the spaceship.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Defenders of special protective labor legislation for women often maintain that eliminating such laws
21、 would destroy the fruits of a century-long struggle for the protection of women workers. Even a brief examination of the historic practice of courts and employers would show that the fruit of such laws has been bitter; they are, in practice, more of a curse than a blessing. Sex-defined protective l
22、aws have often been based on stereotypical assumptions concerning women“s needs and abilities, and employers have frequently used them as legal excuses for discriminating against women. After the Second World War, for example, businesses and government sought to persuade women to vacate jobs in fact
23、ories, thus making room in the labor force for returning veterans. The revival or passage of state laws limiting the daily or weekly work hours of women conveniently accomplished this. Employers had only to declare that overtime hours were a necessary condition of employment or promotion in their fa
24、ctory, and women could be quite legally fired, refused jobs, or kept at low wage levels, all in the name of “protecting“ their health. By validating such laws when they are challenged by lawsuits, the courts have colluded over the years in establishing different, less advantageous employment terms f
25、or women than for men, thus reducing women“s competitiveness on the job market. At the same time, even the most well-intentioned lawmakers, courts, and employers have often been blind to the real needs of women. The lawmakers and the courts continue to permit employers to offer employee health insur
26、ance plans that cover all known human medical disabilities except those relating to pregnancy and Childbirth. Finally, labor laws protecting only special groups are often ineffective at protecting the workers who are actually in the workplace. Some chemicals, for example, pose reproductive risks for
27、 women of childbearing years; manufacturers using the chemicals comply with laws protecting women against these hazards by refusing to hire them. Thus the sex-defined legislation protects the hypothetical female worker, but has no effect whatever on the safety of any actual employee. The health risk
28、s to male employees in such industries cannot be negligible, since chemicals toxic enough to cause birth defects in fetuses or sterility in women are presumably harmful to the human metabolism. Protectiy laws aimed at changing production materials or techniques in order to reduce such hazards would
29、benefit all employees without discriminating against any. In sum, protective labor laws for women are discriminatory, and do not meet their intended purpose. Legislators should recognize that women are in the work force to stay, and that their needsgood health care, a decent wage, and a safe workpla
30、ceare the needs of all workers. Laws that ignore these facts violate women“s rights for equal protection in employment.（分数：10.00）(1).According to the author, which of the following resulted from the passage or revival of state laws limiting the work hours of women workers?（分数：2.00）A.Women workers we
31、re compelled to leave their jobs in factories.B.Many employers had difficulty in providing jobs for returning veterans.C.Many employers found it hard to attract women workers.D.The health of most women factory workers improved.(2).According to the first paragraph of the passage, the author considers
32、 which of the following to be most helpful in determining the value of special protective labor legislation for women?（分数：2.00）A.A comparative study of patterns of work-related illnesses in states that had such laws and in states that did not.B.An estimate of how many women workers are in favor of s
33、uch laws.C.An analysis of the cost to employers of complying with such laws.D.An examination of the actual effects that such laws have had in the past on women workers.(3).The main point of the passage is that special protective labor laws for women workers are _.（分数：2.00）A.unnecessary because most
34、workers are well protected by existing labor lawsB.harmful to the economic interests of women workers while offering them little or no actual protectionC.not worth preserving even though they do represent a hard won legacy of the labor movementD.controversial because male workers receive less protec
35、tion than they require(4).The author implies that which of the following is characteristic of many employee health insurance plans?（分数：2.00）A.They cover all the common medical conditions affecting men, but only some of those affecting women.B.They lack the special provisions for women workers that p
36、roposed special labor laws for women would provide.C.They pay the medical costs associated with pregnancy and childbirth only for the spouses of male employees, not for female employees.D.They meet minimum legal requirements, but do not adequately safeguard the health of either male or female employ
37、ees.(5).According to the passage, special labor laws protecting women workers tend generally to have which of the following effects?（分数：2.00）A.They tend to modify the stereotypes employees often hold concerning women.B.They increase the advantage to employers of hiring men instead of women, making i
38、t less likely that women will be hired.C.They decrease the likelihood that employers will offer more protection to women workers than that which is absolutely required by law.D.They increase the tendency of employers to deny health insurance and disability plans to women workers.六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：10
39、.00)Before a big exam, a sound night“s sleep will do you better than poring over textbooks. That, at least, is the folk wisdom. And science, in the form of behavioral psychology, supports that wisdom. But such behavioral studies cannot distinguish between two competing theories of why sleep is good
40、for the memory. One says that sleep is when permanent memories form. The other says that they are actually formed during the day, but then “edited“ at night, to flush away what is superfluous. To tell the difference, it is necessary to look into the brain of a sleeping person, and that is hard. But
41、after a decade of painstaking work, a team led by Pierre Maquet at Liege University in Belgium has managed to do it. The particular stage of sleep in which the Belgian group is interested is rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, when brain and body are active, heart rate and blood pressure increase, the e
42、yes move back and forth behind the eyelids as I watching a movie, and brainwave traces resemble those of wakefulness. It is during this period of sleep that people are most likely to relive events of the previous day in dreams. Dr. Maquet used an electronic device called PET to study the brains of p
43、eople as they practiced a task during the day, and as they slept during the following night. The task required them to press a button as fast as possible, in response to a light coming on in one of six positions. As they learnt how to do this, their response times got faster. What they did not know
44、was that the appearance of the lights sometimes followed a pattern-what is referred to as “artificial grammar“. Yet the reductions in response time showed that they learnt faster when the pattern was present than when there was not. What is more, those with more to learn (i. e. the “grammar“, as wel
45、l as the mechanical task of pushing the button) have more active brains. The “editing“ theory would not predict that, since the number of irrelevant stimuli would be the same in each case. And to eliminate any doubts that the experimental subjects were learning as opposed to unlearning, their respon
46、se times when they woke up were even quicker than when they went to sleep. The team, therefore, concluded that the nerve connections involved in memory are reinforced through reactivation during REM sleep, particularly if the brain detects an inherent structure in the material being learnt. So now,
47、on the eve of that crucial test, maths students can sleep soundly in the knowledge that what they will remember the next day are the basic rules of algebra and not the incoherent talk from the radio next door.（分数：10.00）(1).Researchers in behavioral psychology are divided with regard to _.（分数：2.00）A.
48、how dreams are modified in their coursesB.the difference between sleep and wakefulnessC.why sleep is of great benefit to memoryD.the functions of a good night“s sleep(2).As manifested in the experimental study, rapid eye movement is characterized by _.（分数：2.00）A.intensely active brainwave tracesB.su
49、bjects“ quicker response timesC.complicated memory patternsD.revival of events in the previous day(3).By referring to the artificial grammar, the author intends to show _.（分数：2.00）A.its significance in the studyB.an inherent pattern being learntC.its resemblance to the lightsD.the importance of a night“s sleep(4).In their study, researchers led by Pierre Maquet took advantage of the technique of _.（分数：2.00）A.exposing a long-held folk wisdomB.clarifying the predictions on dreamsC.making contrasts and comparisonsD.correlating effects with thei
