1、公共英语五级-203 及答案解析(总分：69.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Impatience characterizes young intellectual workers. They want to make their mark 1 So it“s important to get 2 to them in a challenging manner the idea 3 big achievements rarely come easily and quickly. Point out that the littl
2、e successes are essential. Show that they 4 turn become the foundation on 5 reputations are built and from which more important tasks can be accomplished. A variety of job assignments, including job or project rotation, also keep a job 6 becoming dull. Whereas it“s natural for some individuals to wa
3、nt to move ahead immediately to more difficult assignments, 7 proper guidance they can continue to learn and to gain versatility by working on a number of jobs that are essentially 8 the same complexity. This way they gain breadth, if not depth. Probably the greatest offense to guard 9 when dealing
4、with younger specialists is to reject ideas out of hand. You must listenand listen objectivelyto their suggestions. Avoid 10 overcritical. You want to nurture an inquiring mind with a fresh approach. You“ll frustrate it quickly if you revert too often 11 “We“ve tried that before and it won“t 12 here
5、.“ One sure way to disenchant 13 college graduates is flagrantly misusing their talents. Expect them to do some routine work, of course. But don“t make their 14 work just one long series of errands. This includes such break-in assignments 15 performing routine calculations, digging up 16 material, 1
6、7 operating reproduction equipment. One large manufacturing company recently interviewed a number of 18 engineers who had left them. The company found that the overwhelming complaint was that the company not only did not offer work that 19 challenging but also expected 20 too little from them in the
7、 way of performance.（分数：20.00）二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：5.00)It takes only a tiny magnetic field to see clear through a person“s head, a new study shows. A method called ultra-low field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has captured its first, blurry
8、shots of a human brain, revealing activity as well as structure. MRI scanners image the human body by detecting how hydrogen atoms respond to magnetic fields. They typically require fields of a few teslaabout 10,000 to 100,000 times stronger than the Earth“s magnetic field. The powerful magnets nece
9、ssary make scanners pricey and also dangerous for people with metal implants. The new device hits a sample with a 30 millitesla magnetic field, about 100 times weaker than is normally used in MRI. The device then uses a 46 microtesla magnetic fieldabout the same as the Earth“s magnetic fieldto captu
10、re images of the sample. The first target for the device was the head of lead researcher Vadim Zotev of Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico, US. “The cost of MRI can be reduced dramatically,“ Zotev says. The new set-up uses several ultra-sensitive sensors called superconducting quantum inte
11、rference devices (SQUIDs), which have to be kept at very low temperatures. “The most expensive part of our system is the liquid helium cryostat, which costs about $20,000,“ Zotev adds. Ultra-low field MRI scanning was first performed with a single SQUID in 2004 by a group led by John Clarke at Unive
12、rsity of California, Berkeley, US, but this only allowed objects about the size of an apple to be scanned. The new device uses seven SQUIDs and can scan much larger objects. MRI machines in the clinic today require a patient to be slotted into a long, cylindrical tube. Ultra-low field MRI machines c
13、an be much more open. “Microtesla MRI is more suitable for surgical environment than high-field MRI,“ Zotev says. “Some medical equipment can be conveniently placed inside the scanner,“ including surgical robots, Zotev says. Today“s MRI machines can also be problematic for people with metal implants
14、, since intense magnetic fields can move or heat them causing damage to surrounding tissue. Experiments show that ultra-low field MRI can image materials even when metal is placed near the magnets. However, ultra-low field MRI hasn“t been tested on animals or people with metal implants yet. “It woul
15、d be wrong to claim that it is absolutely safe,“ Zotev says. Since the new device also doubles as magnetoencephalography (MEG) machine, by picking up the feeble magnetic fields from electrical activity in the brain, it could perhaps let surgeons more easily identify areas of the brain with abnormal
16、activity, such as in epilepsy. “This is the main advantage of the new set-up,“ Clarke says. “It“s a nice step forward.“（分数：5.00）(1).The ultra-low field MRI captures images by using fields about（分数：1.00）A.10,000 to 100,000 times stronger than the Earth“s magnetic field.B.100 times weaker than the Ear
17、th“s magnetic field.C.100 times weaker than is normally used in MRI.D.the same as the Earth“s magnetic field.(2).What was the first ultra-low field MRI scanning of a human brain?（分数：1.00）A.The one by Vadim Zotev group with a single SQUID.B.The one by Vadim Zotev group with seven SQUIDs.C.The one by
18、John Clarke group with a single SQUID.D.The one by John Clarke group with seven SQUIDs.(3).Why is ultra-low field MRI more suitable for surgical environment than high-field MRI?（分数：1.00）A.Because the former can reduce the cost of MRI scanning dramatically.B.Because patients today need slotting into
19、a tube for high-field MRI scanning.C.Because the former captures clearer images.D.Because surgical robots can be conveniently placed into ultra-low field MRI scanners.(4).Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?（分数：1.00）A.Tests show ultra-low field MRI scanning cannot move patients“ metal impl
20、ants.B.Powerful magnets are dangerous for people with metal implants.C.High-field MRI scanning can heat or move patients“ metal implants.D.The body tissue surrounding a metal implant can be damaged by today“s MRI scanning.(5).What is the main advantage of ultra-low field MRI according to John Clarke
21、?（分数：1.00）A.It can be adopted to implant metal device into a patient“s body.B.It can be used to cure abnormal areas of brain.C.Areas of brain with abnormal activity could be more easily identified by doctors“ using it.D.It doubles as MEG machine.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：4.00)Conventional wisdom about confl
22、ict seems pretty much cut and dried. Too little conflict breeds apahty and stagnation. Too much conflict leads to divisiveness and hostility. Moderate levels of conflict, however, can spark creativity and motivate people in a healthy and competitive way. Recent research by Professor Charles R. Schwe
23、nk, however, suggests that the optimal level of conflict may be more complex to determine than these simple generalizations. He studied perceptions of conflict among a sample of executives. Some of the executives worked for profit seeking organizations and other for not-for-profit organizations. Som
24、ewhat surprisingly, Schwenk found that opinions about conflict varied systematically as a function of the type of organization. Specifically, managers in not-for-profit organizations strongly believed that conflict was beneficial to their organizations and that it promoted higher quality decision-ma
25、king than might be achieved in the absence of conflict. Managers of for-profit organizations saw a different picture. They believed that conflict generally was damaging and usually led to poor-quality decision-making in their organizations. Schwenk interpreted these results in terms of the criteria
26、for effective decision-making suggested by the executives. In the profit-seeking organizations, decision-making effectiveness was most often assessed in financial terms. The executives believed that consensus rather than conflict enhanced financial indicators. In the not-for-profit organizations, de
27、cision-making effectiveness was defined from the perspective of satisfying constituents. Given the complexities and ambiguities associated with satisfying many diverse constituents, the executives perceived that conflict led to more considered and acceptable decisions.（分数：4.00）(1).In the eyes of the
28、 author, conventional opinion on conflict is _.（分数：0.80）A.oversimplifiedB.misleadingC.wrongD.unclear(2).Professor Charles R. Schwenk“s research shows _.（分数：0.80）A.the advantages and disadvantages of conflictB.the difficulty in determining optimal level of conflictC.the Complexity of defining the rol
29、es of conflictD.the real value of conflict(3).We can learn from Schwenk“s research that _.（分数：0.80）A.it is impossible for people to avoid conflictB.different people resolve conflicts in different waysC.conflict is necessary for managers of for-profit organizationsD.a person“s view of conflict is inf
30、luenced by th6 purpose of his organization(4).The passage suggests that in for-profit organizations _.（分数：0.80）A.decisions must be justifiableB.expression of different opinions is encouragedC.success lies in general agreementD.there is no end of conflict(5).People working in a not-for-profit organiz
31、ation _.（分数：0.80）A.find it easier to reach agreementB.seem to be difficult to satisfyC.are less effective in making decisionsD.are free to express diverse opinions六、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Poetry, said Robert Frost, is what gets lost in the translation, and in the week that the Turner prize was announc
32、ed it is worth remembering that there are still people working at the sort of art which has something to be lost in the translation to fame. Hellen Gibart fell in love with oil painting when her sixth form teacher gave her a small canvas. “I“ve still got it upstairs. Oil painting has had a classic p
33、eriod and is being sidelined too much now, but I“m sure it will live through that. It can articulate things so specifically. I layer it, I build it, and I knock it or scrape it back. It“s like a sculpture, in a way: an attempt to get closer to the subject. “I found it very diffcult initially, becaus
34、e it has a life and a spirit of its own that it can lead you to if you allow it and I never wanted to do any other material.“ For the first part of her career she set herself to learn drawing as well. In the mornings she would teach English as a foreign language, and in the afternoons and evenings “
35、just drawing, drawing, drawing. It wasn“t stuffy old evening classes: there was a lot of energy and it was very exciting. I knew I wanted to work and paint. I didn“t know anything about the art world.“ After about five years of this life, a gallery where she had been working was closed, and she got
36、a grant to go to Cyprus for a year. It was the first time she had ever been able to work full time as an artist. And she loved it. She ended up living in the mountains. Nowadays she prefers Spain, because fewer people there speak English. On Cyprus, she say“s, everyone she knew spoke English so well
37、 that she could never break through into the Greek side of their lives, no matter how friendly they were. This urge to push through and find what is really there seems to be the same feeling she has in front of a canvas. It is extraordinary how often artists talk as if what they were doing were find
38、ing or releasing something already there, rather than creating things themselves. Sometimes she talks like a musician. “I don“t know if you ever, when you“re writing, feel what it is just not to be there: a blind wandering that isn“t a dead end, when you“re not hitting walls. I can spend weeks and w
39、eeks just mashing at canvas and then it will suddenly happen. Sometimes it“s an accident.“ Her most recent studies were of a local collection of fossilsshe lives in Suffolk, near Aldeburghand in her studio they seemed as agelessly fresh as the rocks, two or three hundred million years old, from whic
40、h they had come. They seemed to have nothing in common with the lemony heat and stillness of the painting of a church interior in Spain, which was propped against another wall. “I have never been able to support myself by selling paintings,“ she says, which has been the case for most artists this ce
41、ntury. What changed for her generation (she is 44) was that the art schools started using specialist teachers rather than working artists. “It“s very sad. I think that practitioners teaching in the college are the only people who should be there. They understand the problems andas a huge generalisat
42、ioneducationalists don“t.“ Her views on the Turnerish stuff are discriminating. “I thought Carl Andre“s bricks were extremely beautiful.“ She admires Damien Hirst. She had been to see the Turner show at the Tate and even enjoyed one of the video installations there. “But with a lot of the art that i
43、s being promoted now it seems to me that what is being sold is an idea, a formula. It is the idea rather than the substantiation which matters. And this means there is a question of charlatanism, when a few people can ride on the back of the ones who are genuinely involved. “And then her politeness
44、cracks for a second or three. “If I“m going to be radical or challenging it“s not acknowledged, because the form that I work in is old. That is very tiresome. Perhaps it“s the price that must be paid for the art that conceals artiness.（分数：5.00）(1).The word “articulate“ means _.（分数：1.00）A.exaggerateB
45、.portray clearly and distinctivelyC.beautifyD.show artificially(2).According to Helen, who should be the teacher to teach in art school _.（分数：1.00）A.specialist teachersB.working artistsC.Both A and BD.Neither A or B(3).Among the following statements, which one is not true?（分数：1.00）A.Helen set hersel
46、f to learn drawing for the first part of her career.B.Before Helen went to Cyprus, she had been able to work full time as a artist.C.Helen prefers Spain to Cyprus.D.Artists often talks as if they were releasing something already there rather than creating things.(4).According to the passage, what is
47、 the recent condition of art?（分数：1.00）A.Art is being neglected.B.What matter is the idea instead of the substantiation of it.C.Both A and .D.Art is already obsolete now.(5).What interests does Helen have in?（分数：1.00）A.Oil painting.B.Music.C.Fossils collection.D.Both A and C.七、Part B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)T
48、wo of the most common first impressions that foreigners have of Koreans is that they are incredibly polite, and that they are incredibly rode. In fact, the courtesy and kindness of Koreans is legendary and attested to by thousands of people who are fortunate enough to have a Korean friend. Overwhelm
49、ing meals, unexpected gifts: all of this and more has been yours if you have been invited out. This is not a modem invention; traditionally, one of the names of Korea was the “Eastern Land of Courtesy“. The obligations of a host are paramount; the obligation of the guest is to lap it up. 1 Westerners have rather a hard time reconciling these two images Of Korea, these two different sets of behavior, both of them from the same people. Hosts are so friendly; taxi drivers are so nasty. Is Korea really composed of two totally different sets of peo
