1、公共英语五级-201 及答案解析(总分：70.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Married mothers who also hold jobs, despite having to juggle career and home, enjoy 1 health than their underemployed or childless peers. Data from a long-term study launched in the UK in 1946 shows that such working moms are t
2、he 2 likely to be obese 3 middle age and the most likely to report generally good health. And this result cannot be explained simply 4 the healthiest women take on the most. Epidemiologist Anne McMunn of University College London drew more than 1,400 female 5 from a study of 5,362 Britons born durin
3、g the first week of March 1946. Followed 6 their lives, including face-to-face interviews at 7 26, 36, 46 and 53, the women provided data from both their own views of their health as well as 8 measures such as body-mass index. By assessing both 9 and objective information, the researchers hoped to d
4、iscover 10 working moms undertook such multitasking because of their inherent 11 or achieved good health because of their multiple roles. Of the 555 working mothers, only 23 percent proved obese 12 age 53, compared to 38 percent of the 151 full-time homemakers, 13 also averaged the highest body-mass
5、 index of all six categories of 14 , rounded out by single working mothers, the childless, multiply-married working moms and intermittently-employed married mothers. In 15 , full-time homemakers reported the most poor health, 16 by single mothers and the childless. Of course, the data do not show 17
6、 working moms are healthiest but the women“s view of their own health at 26 did not correlate 18 whether they undertook 19 careers and families, seeming to discount a definitive role for good health in determining a woman“s choices. Working correlated with low body mass 20 all groups, including sing
7、le moms and childless women.（分数：20.00）二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Stressed out by modern life? Try a visit to the defiantly anachronistic fiefdom of Sark, a four-square-mile cluster of rock out-crops in the English Channel. People here have lived
8、at their own pace since 1565, when Elizabeth I gave the islanders virtual independence in return for a promise to fend off invaders. The hereditary overlord, the seigneur, still rents his fiefdom from the crown for a token sum of1.79 a year. Cars are banned. So is divorce. No one but the seigneur is
9、 allowed to keep pigeons or a female dog. Not all of Sark“s ways are so charming. A man can legally thrash his wife with a cane if it“s no thicker than his little finger. Still, most of Sark“s 600 or so inhabitants live placidly, reveling in their time-warped (an tax-free) seclusion. “We have no cri
10、me and no unemployment, “says Werner Rang, 79, a member of the island“s 40-member Parliament, Chief Pleas. “Sark is the envy of many people who like our quality of life.“ Even so, the place is changing. Last month the queen formally approved a radical update of the islands“ ancient property laws. As
11、 of next week-for the first time in history-landowners will be free to leave property to their daughters, Until now, the womenfolk could inherit only if there were no sons. But that was before a wealthy pair of mainland-born brothers, David and Frederick Barclay, waged a bitter three-year,1.75 milli
12、on legal battle to revise the law so their children-three sons and a daughter-could share the family estate, an outlying 160-acre island purchased in 1993. The brothers won-sort of late last year, under threat of action at the European Court of Human Rights, Chief Pleas voted to reform Sark“s law of
13、 primogeniture. The inheritance laws now ignore gender. But land still can“t be parceled out among multiple heirs. And the dispute has hardly endeared the Barclays to the locals. “I think they (the brothers) are a pain in the butt,“ says Mary Collins, a 59-year-old resident. Not that the Barclays we
14、re ever too popular here. The brothers, whose financial empire includes London“s Bitz Hotel and a Scottish newspaper group, hardly ever visit Sark“s main island. On Brecqhou, their private islet, they spent some 60 million to erect a castle known locally as the Cabuncle. The brothers don“t live ther
15、e, they prefer Monte Carlo. And they have made no secret of their scorn for Sark“s institutions. Writing in the family“s flagship newspaper, the Scotsman, David Barclay castigated Chief Pleas as “undemocratic and intimidatory“ and pilloried Sark itself as “a haven for international tax evasion an fr
16、aud.“ The islanders can only shake their heads. Michael Beaumont, the 71-year-old seigneur, scoffs at the Barclays“ insults. He says Sark“s freebooting days are long gone. Like many islanders, the seigneur says he“s irked more by the Barclays“ attitude than by their aim. “The change was inevitable,
17、“he says. “but it didn“t have to happen this way“. But the jousting continues. Sark“s law still prohibits the Barclays from dividing up the islet. The brothers are planning to fight on against the traditionalists.（分数：5.00）(1).According to the writer, which of the Sark“s ways is not so charming in mo
18、dern life?（分数：1.00）A.Ban on ears.B.Gentle pace of living.C.Inequality between men and women.D.Seclusion from the world.(2).From the adapted islands“ ancient property laws,_.（分数：1.00）A.landowners can let their daughters inherit their propertyB.women can inherit the family estate only when they have b
19、rothersC.it is for the first time for sons to inherit their parents“ propertyD.daughters can only share the family estate with their brothers(3).In the fourth paragraph, the writer implies that_.（分数：1.00）A.The Barclays“ legal battle won the local supportB.The local people do not like the brothersC.T
20、he brothers voted to reform the inheritance lawsD.Land can now be shared among all the brothers and sisters(4).The phrase “financial empire“ most probably refers to_.（分数：1.00）A.absolute power over financeB.government by an emperorC.a large economic organizationD.a group of states under a single rule
21、r(5).What“s the main message of this text?（分数：1.00）A.Sark never cares what the outside world thinks.B.The brothers waged and won a bitter legal battle to revise the old law.C.There is now no sex discrimination in Sark“s inheritance laws.D.Charming as it is, Sark still holds a traditional way of life
22、.五、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Managers spend a great deal of their time in meetings. According to Henry Mintzbery, in his book, The Nature of Managerial Work, managers in large organizations spend only 22 per cent of their time on meetings. So what are the managers doing in those meetings? There have conv
23、entionally been two answers. The first is the academic version: Managers are coordinating and controlling, making decisions, solving problems and planning. This interpretation has been largely discredited because it ignores the social and political forces at work in meetings. The second version clai
24、ms that meetings provide little more than strategic sites for corporate gladiators to perform before the organizational emperors. This perspective is far more attractive, and has given rise to a large, and often humorous, body of literature on gamesmanship and posturing in meetings. It is, of course
25、, true that meeting rooms serve as shop windows for managerial talent, but this is far from the truth as a whole. The suggestion that meetings are actually battle grounds is misleading since the raison d“etre of meetings has far more to do with comfort than conflict. Meetings are actually vital prop
26、s, both for the participants and the organization as a whole. For the organization, meetings represent recording devices. The minutes of meetings catalogue the change of the organization, at all levels, in a more systematic way than do the assorted memos and directives which are scattered about the
27、company. They enshrine the minutes of corporate history, they itemize proposed actions and outcomes in a way which makes one look like the natural culmination of the other. The whole tenor of the minutes is one of total premeditation and implied continuity. They are a sanitized version of reality wh
28、ich suggests a reassuring level of control over events. What is more, the minutes record the debating of certain issues in an official and democratic forum, so that those not involved in the process can be assured that decision was not taken lightly. As Dong Bennett, an administrative and financial
29、manager with Allied Breweries, explains: “Time and effort are seen to have been invested in scrutinizing a certain course of action. “ Key individuals are also seen to have put their names behind that particular course of action. The decision can therefore proceed with the full weight of the organiz
30、ation behind it, even if it actually went through“ on the nod “. At the same time, the burden of responsibility is spread, so that no individual takes the blame. Thus, the public nature of formal meetings confers a degree of legitimacy on what happens in them. Having a view pass unchallenged at a me
31、eting can be taken to indicate consensus. However, meetings also serve as an alibi for action, as demonstrated by one manager who explained to his subordinates: “I did what I could to prevent itI had our objections minutes in two meetings. “The proof of conspicuous effort was there in black and whit
32、e. By merely attending meetings, managers buttress their status, while non-attendance can carry with it a certain stigma. Whether individual managers intend to make a contribution or not, it is satisfying to be considered one of those whose views matter. Ostracism, for senior managers, is not being
33、invited to meetings. As one cynic observed, meetings are comfortingly tangible: “Who on the shop floor really believes that managers are working when they tour the works? But assemble them behind closed doors and call it a meeting and everyone will take it for granted that they are hard at work. “ M
34、anagers are being seen to earn their corn. Meetings provide managers with another form of comfort toothat of formality. Meetings follow a fixed format: Exchanges are ritualized, the participants are probably known in advance, there is often a written agenda, and there is a chance to prepare. Little
35、wonder then, that they come as welcome relief from the upheaval and uncertainty of life outside the meeting room. Managers can draw further comfort from the realization that their peers are every bit as bemused and fallible as themselves. Meetings provide constant reminders that they share the same
36、problems, preoccupations and anxieties, that they are all in the same boat. And for those who may be slightly adrift, meetings are ideal occasions for gently pulling them round. As Steve Styles, the process control manager (life services) at Legal we would still “know“ when someone was angry and whe
37、n someone was pleased. One could even offer sensible explanations for the “whys“ of much of the self“s behavior and feelings. In other words, the ordinary person has a great and profound understanding of the self and of other people which, though unformulated or only vaguely conceived enables one to
38、 interact with others in more or less adaptive ways. Khler, in referring to the lack of great discoveries in psychology as compared with physics, accounts for this by saying that “people were acquainted with practically all territories of mental life a long time before the founding of scientific psy
39、chology. “ Paradoxically, with all this natural, intuitive, commonsense capacity to grasp human relations, the science of human relations has been one of the last to develop. Different explanations of this paradox have been suggested. One is that science would destroy the vain and pleasing illusions
40、 people have about themselves; but we might ask why people have always loved to read pessimistic, debunking writings, from Ecclesiastes to Freud. It has also been proposed that just because we know so much about people intuitively, there has been less incentive for studying them scientifically; why
41、should one develop a theory, carry out systematic observations, or make predictions about the obvious? In any case, the field of human relations, with its vast literary documentation but meager, scientific treatment, is in great contrast to the field of physics in which there are relatively few nons
42、cientific books.（分数：5.00）(1).According to the passage, it has been suggested that the science of human relations was slow to develop because _.（分数：1.00）A.intuitive knowledge of human relations is derived from philosophyB.early scientists were more interested in the physical worldC.scientific studies
43、 of human relations appear to investigate the obviousD.the scientific method is difficult to apply to the study of human relations(2).According to the passage, an understanding of the self can be _.（分数：1.00）A.highly biased due to unconscious factorsB.profound even when vaguely conceivedC.improved by
44、 specialized trainingD.irrelevant for understanding human relations(3).It can be inferred that the author would most likely agree with which of the following statements regarding people who lived before the advent of scientific psychology?（分数：1.00）A.Their understanding of human relations was quite l
45、imited.B.They were uninterested in acquiring knowledge of the physical world.C.They misunderstood others more frequently than do people today.D.Their intuitions about human relations were reasonably sophisticated.(4).The author implies that attempts to treat human relations scientifically have thus
46、far been relatively _.（分数：1.00）A.unilluminatingB.paradoxicalC.pessimisticD.encouraging(5).It can be inferred that the author assumes that commonsense knowledge of human relations is _.（分数：1.00）A.equally well developed among all adults within a given society.B.considerably more accurate in some socie
47、ties than in others.C.biased insofar as it is based on myths and folktales.D.usually sufficiently accurate to facilitate interactions with others.七、Part B(总题数：1，分数：10.00)After its misadventures in 1093, when American marines were driven out of Somalia by skinny gunmen, America has used a long spoon
48、in supping with Somalia“s warlords. This, like so much else, changed on September 11th. 1 Clandestine, up to a point: within hours of the arrival in Baidoa of nine closely cropped Americans sporting matching satellite phones and shades, their activities were broadcast. After meeting various warlords
49、, the group inspected a compound that had apparently been offered to them as their future base. They also saw an old military depot. Neither can have been encouraging: the compound has been taken over by war-displaced families, and the depot by thorn-scrub. America was already convinced of al-Qaeda“s presence in Somalia. It had listed a Somali Islamic group, al-Itihaad al-Islamiya (Islamic Unity), as a terrorist organization. 2 It fears that lawless Somalia could become a haven for escapes from Afghanistan. The American navy is currently patroll
