1、公共英语五级-145 及答案解析(总分：113.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Listening (总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part A(总题数：1，分数：10.00)(1).Florence Nightingale was from a noble family.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(2).Her parents didnt want her to be a nurse because the pay was low.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(3).Florence failed to get a chance to train hersel
2、f to be a nurse at first.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(4).Her mother was more willing to accept her career.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(5).Florence first started her formal career abroad.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(6).Service in hospitals was poor at that time though equipment was good.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(7).The work of Florence was
3、effective from the very beginning.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(8).Florence devoted all her time on the care of the iii and wounded.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(9).Honours had been intended on Florence.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(10).Florence spent her last years in loneliness and poor health.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误三、Part B(总题数：4，分数：13.0
4、0)(1).What is the reason given for using less sugar?A. For the sake of our eyes.B. For the sake of hair.C. For the sake of our livers.D. For the sake of our weight.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following attacks the tooth itself?A. Acid.B. Saliva.C. Carbohydrates.D. Plaque.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).T
5、he speaker suggests choosing snacks carefully for _.A. an accurate information.B. an inaccurate statement.C. an inaccurate information.D. an accurate statement.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 1416 are based on the following talk.（分数：3.00）(1).Why do American families become smaller?A. Big families tend to
6、 cause the parents to get divorced.B. More children mean more cost of their education.C. They have to carry out family planning program.D. Children are likely to be spoiled in big families.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What problems might children have when their parents break up?A. They are not much loved a
7、ny more.B. They have nobody to depend on.C. They have no stable living environment.D. They blame themselves for the breakup.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What does the speaker imply about the situation of American families at the end of the talk?A. There will be more single parent families.B. More families w
8、ill break up.C. There will appear the increase of birthrate and decrease of divorce rate.D. There will be less divorce and higher birth rate.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(1).What does the speaker suggest that the students should do during the term?A. Consult with her frequently.B. Use the computer regularly.C.
9、Occupy the computer early.D. Wait for ones turn patiently.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What service must be paid for?A. Computer classes.B. Training sessions.C. Laser printing.D. Package borrowing.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What is the talk mainly about?A. Computer lab services.B. College library facilities.C. Th
10、e use of micro-computers.D. Printouts from the laser printer.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(1).Where did classical music originate?A. In Asia. B. In Africa.C. In Europe. D. In Australia.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).“Blues“ and “Enka“ are examples of _.A. Traditional music B. Folk musicC. Classical music D. Rock music（分数
11、：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).In what way is jazz music different from other kinds of music?A. It is very inspiring and exciting.B. It doesnt need wind instruments.C. It is a combination of folk music and rock music.D. It has a different kind of rhythm.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What kind of instruments are used in r
12、ock music?A. Electric instruments. B. Chemical instruments.C. Medical instruments. D. Probing instruments.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.四、Part C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)(1).How long did the debate last?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Docs Mr. Shmankie believe that, in order to get best teachers, salaries should be raised?（分数：1.00）填空
13、项 1:_(3).When did the debate take place?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Mr. Shmankie said that homeless people in this city might _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).Ms. Porter does agree that the government money can solve _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).Ms. Porter thinks that the education is not the same _.（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).Docs
14、Ms. Porter believe that job training and affordable housing will help the homeless?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).Who believes that schools should be run like a successful business?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(9).Who said that 56% of the poor and elderly could not afford to live in the city?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(10).What are t
15、he three topics to debate?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_五、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：20.00)One of the most important social developments (31) helped to make possible a shift in thinking about the role of public education was the effect of the (32) boom of the 1950s and 1960s on the schools. In the 1920s, but (33
16、) in the Depression conditions of the 1930s, the United States experienced a declining birthrate every thousand women aged fifteen (34) forty-four gave birth to about 118 live children in 1920, 89.2 in 1930, 75.8 in 1936, and 80 in 1940. (35) the growing prosperity brought on by the World War and th
17、e economic boom that (36) it, young people married and established households earlier and began to (37) larger families than had their predecessors during the Depression. Birth (38) rose to 102 per thousand in 1946, 106.2 in 1950, and 118 in 1955. Although economics was probably the most important d
18、eterminant, it is not the only explanation for the baby boom. The increased value placed (39) the idea of the family also helps to explain this rise in birth rates. The baby boomers began streaming into the first grade by the mid-1940s and became a flood (40) 1950. The public school system suddenly
19、found itself overtaxed. While the number of school-children (41) because of wartime and postwar conditions, these same conditions made the schools even less prepared to cope (42) the flood. The wartime economy meant that few new schools were built (43) 1940 and 1945. Moreover, during the war and in
20、the boom times that followed, large (44) of teachers left their profession for better-paying jobs elsewhere in the economy.Therefore, in the 1950s and 1960s, the baby boom hit an antiquated and inadequate school system. Consequently, the “custodial rhetoric“ of the 1930s and early 1940s no longer ma
21、de (45) ; that is, keeping youths aged sixteen and older out (46) the labor market by keeping them in school could no (47) be a hight priority for an institution unable (48) find space and staff to teach younger children aged five to sixteen. With the baby boom, the focus of educators and of laymen
22、interested in education inevitably turned toward the lower grades and back to basic academic skills (49) discipline. The (50) no longer had much interest in offering nontraditional, new, and extra services to older youths.（分数：20.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1
23、:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_六、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)七、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：5.00)It takes only a tiny magnetic field to see clear through a persons head, a new study shows. A method called ultra-low field magnetic resonance imag
24、ing (MRI) has captured its first, blurry shots of a human brain, revealing activity as well as structure.MRI scanners image the human body by detecting how hydrogen atoms respond to magnetic fields. They typically require fields of a few teslaabout 10,000 to 100,000 times stronger than the Earths ma
25、gnetic field. The powerful magnets necessary make scanners pricey and also dangerous for people with metal implants.The new device hits a sample with a 30 millitesla magnetic field, about 100 times weaker than is normally used in MRI. The device then uses a 46 microtesla magnetic fieldabout the same
26、 as the Earths magnetic fieldto capture images of the sample.The first target for the device was the head of lead researcher Vadim Zotev of Los Alamos National Laboratory in New Mexico, US.“The cost of MRI can be reduced dramatically,“ Zotev says. The new set-up uses several ultra-sensitive sensors
27、called superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs), which have to be kept at very low temperatures. “The most expensive part of our system is the liquid helium cryostat, which costs about $20,000,“ Zotev adds.Ultra-low field MRI scanning was first performed with a single SQUID in 2004 by a
28、 group led by John Clarke at University of California, Berkeley, US, but this only allowed objects about the size of an apple to be scanned. The new device uses seven SQUIDs and can scan much larger objects.MRI machines in the clinic today require a patient to be slotted into a long, cylindrical tub
29、e. Ultra-low field MRI machines can be much more open. “Microtesla MRI is more suitable for surgical environment than high-field MRI,“ Zotev says. “Some medical equipment can be conveniently placed inside the scanner,“ including surgical robots, Zotev says.Todays MRI machines can also be problematic
30、 for people with metal implants, since intense magnetic fields can move or heat them causing damage to surrounding tissue.Experiments show that ultra-low field MRI can image materials even when metal is placed near the magnets.However, ultra-low field MRI hasnt been tested on animals or people with
31、metal implants yet. “It would be wrong to claim that it is absolutely safe,“ Zotev says.Since the new device also doubles as magnetoencephalography (MEG) machine, by picking up the feeble magnetic fields from electrical activity in the brain, it could perhaps let surgeons more easily identify areas
32、of the brain with abnormal activity, such as in epilepsy.“This is the main advantage of the new set-up,“ Clarke says. “Its a nice step forward./（分数：5.00）(1).The ultra-low field MRI captures images by using fields aboutA. 10,000 to 100,000 times stronger than the Earths magnetic field.B. 100 times we
33、aker than the Earths magnetic field.C. 100 times weaker than is normally used in MRI.D. the same as the Earths magnetic field.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What was the first ultra-low field MRI scanning of a human brain?A. The one by Vadim Zotev group with a single SQUID.B. The one by Vadim Zotev group with
34、 seven SQUIDs.C. The one by John Clarke group with a single SQUID.D. The one by John Clarke group with seven SQUIDs.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Why is ultra-low field MRI more suitable for surgical environment than high-field MRI?A. Because the former can reduce the cost of MRI scanning dramatically.B. Bec
35、ause patients today need slotting into a tube for high-field MRI scanning.C. Because the former captures clearer images.D. Because surgical robots can be conveniently placed into ultra-low field MRI scanners.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?A. Tests show ultra-low f
36、ield MRI scanning cannot move patients metal implants.B. Powerful magnets are dangerous for people with metal implants.C. High-field MRI scanning can heat or move patients metal implants.D. The body tissue surrounding a metal implant can be damaged by todays MRI scanning.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What is
37、 the main advantage of ultra-low field MRI according to John Clarke?A. It can be adopted to implant metal device into a patients body.B. It can be used to cure abnormal areas of brain.C. Areas of brain with abnormal activity could be more easily identified by doctors using it.D. It doubles as MEG ma
38、chine.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.九、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Managers spend a great deal of their time in meetings. According to Henry Mintzbery, in his book, The Nature of Managerial Work, managers in large organizations spend only 22 per cent of their time on meetings. So what are the managers doing in those mee
39、tings?There have conventionally been two answers. The first is the academic version: Managers are coordinating and controlling, making decisions, solving problems and planning. This interpretation has been largely discredited because it ignores the social and political forces at work in meetings.The
40、 second version claims that meetings provide little more than strategic sites for corporate gladiators to perform before the organizational emperors. This perspective is far more attractive, and has given rise to a large, and often humorous, body of literature on gamesmanship and posturing in meetin
41、gs.It is, of course, true that meeting rooms serve as shop windows for managerial talent, but this is far from the truth as a whole. The suggestion that meetings are actually battle grounds is misleading since the raison detre of meetings has far more to do with comfort than conflict. Meetings are a
42、ctually vital props, both for the participants and the organization as a whole.For the organization, meetings represent recording devices. The minutes of meetings catalogue the change of the organization, at all levels, in a more systematic way than do the assorted memos and directives which are sca
43、ttered about the company. They enshrine the minutes of corporate history, they itemize proposed actions and outcomes in a way which makes one look like the natural culmination of the other.The whole tenor of the minutes is one of total premeditation and implied continuity. They are a sanitized versi
44、on of reality which suggests a reassuring level of control over events. What is more, the minutes record the debating of certain issues in an official and democratic forum, so that those not involved in the process can be assured that decision was not taken lightly.As Dong Bennett, an administrative
45、 and financial manager with Allied Breweries, explains: “Time and effort are seen to have been invested in scrutinizing a certain course of action. “Key individuals are also seen to have put their names behind that particular course of action. The decision can therefore proceed with the full weight
46、of the organization behind it, even if it actually went through“ on the nod “. At the same time, the burden of responsibility is spread, so that no individual takes the blame.Thus, the public nature of formal meetings confers a degree of legitimacy on what happens in them. Having a view pass unchall
47、enged at a meeting can be taken to indicate consensus.However, meetings also serve as an alibi for action, as demonstrated by one manager who explained to his subordinates: “I did what I could to prevent itI had our objections minutes in two meetings. “The proof of conspicuous effort was there in bl
48、ack and white.By merely attending meetings, managers buttress their status, while non-attendance can carry with it a certain stigma. Whether individual managers intend to make a contribution or not, it is satisfying to be considered one of those whose views matter. Ostracism, for senior managers, is not being invited to meeti
