1、公共英语五级-122 及答案解析(总分：110.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Listening (总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part A(总题数：1，分数：10.00)(1).People can only obtain information about the Seven Wonders of the World in the printed encyclopedias.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(2).Ms. Lednicer encouraged kids to read and appreciate the tactile sense of pick
2、ing up books.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(3).It was expensive to buy printed encyclopedias for Chris Witting, a father of two from Morton Grove, Illinois.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(4).Telling the kids that everything in encyclopedias is on a little disk didnt surprise them in 1996.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(5).The kids were get
3、ting more and more dependent on computer and CD-ROM for information.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(6).Encyclopedias occupied too much space on the bookcase though being opened frequently at the home of Chris Witting.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(7).The power of computer technology has attracted many high school students.（分数
4、：1.00）A.正确B.错误(8).In Megan Mullens eyes, CE-ROMS or the internet cant match the printed words in books.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(9).Mike goes to his local branch library finding information through the Internet instead of using an encyclopedia.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(10).Mr. Kobasa believes that the move to elect
5、ronic media is just the latest format change for information, but not the last.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误三、Part B(总题数：3，分数：10.00)Questions 11 to 13 are based on a passage on plastic tax. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 11 to 13.（分数：3.00）(1).Who is Jacques Lalonde?A A volunteer in Liberal Environmen
6、t.B A Canadian translator,C An Internet programmer.D A junior employee for Minister.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which country did Lalonde model in his online petition?A United States.B Ireland.C England.D Quebec.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).How did plastic industry respond to Lalondes petition?A They dont think it
7、 will impact their production.B They support the idea of plastic tax.C They feel anxious that people wont pay for bags.D They argue that tax is not the ultimate solution.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 14 to 16 are based on the following talk on the colleges for the deaf in the US. You now have 15 second
8、s to read Questions 14 to 16.（分数：3.00）(1).Which of the following students can most probably get a scholarship at Gallaudet?A A student in financial need.B A freshman who does well.C A sophomore from China whos been doing well.D A senior from a developing country who does well currently.（分数：1.00）A.B.
9、C.D.(2).Who is Robert Davila?A The president of Gallaudet whom students protested against.B The new president of the National Technical Institute for the Deaf.C The chief executive of Rochester Institute of Technology.D The popular president of Gallaudet.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).How much does an interna
10、tional graduate student pay at the National Technical Institute for the Deaf?A $33,000 a year.B $28,000 a year.C $12,000 a year.D $20,000 a year.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 17 20 are based on the following talk. You now have 20 seconds to read Questions 17 20.（分数：4.00）(1).What does the speaker mainly
11、 discuss?A The distribution of different species of amphibians.B Possible reasons for reduction in the number of amphibians.C The effects of environmental change on the fish industry.D Guidelines for the responsible use of pesticides.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the speaker, how do developers c
12、ontribute to the reduction of amphibian population?A By taking over ponds.B By constructing sewers.C By building dams on rivers.D By flooding marshes.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to the speaker, how do some pesticides get into ponds?A They are applied to aquatic weeds by fish farming.B Amphibians
13、release them from their skin.C Irresponsible dispose of them in ponds.D They are washed into ponds by the rain.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to the speaker, why do pesticides pose a threat to amphibians?A Pesticides can cause an amphibians skin to dry out.B Pesticides kill the insects that amphibia
14、ns depend on for food.C Dissolved pesticides can easily enter amphibians bodies.D Amphibians may eat plants that have been treated with pesticides.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.四、Part C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)(1).Where did rice originate?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).What kind of grain did most Europeans eat 500 years ago?（分数：1.0
15、0）填空项 1:_(3).What kind of grain could be found in American diet 500 years ago?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Who used dairy product first in history?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).In which year did Columbus take chili pepper to Spain?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).How long did it take for chili pepper to become popular around the w
16、orld?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).Where cant chili pepper grow according to the talk?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).What did Europeans think of potatoes?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(9).What was potato used for in Europe at first?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(10).In what part of the world is potato especially a favorite food?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_五、S
17、ection Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：20.00)(31) the National Cranberry Assn. held its 29th annual meeting in 1959, food writer Clementine Paddleford made the rounds. Or, (32) she described it, she “went begging ideas from growers wives. “This was not unusual, really, (33) the food editor of This Week magazine
18、, a Sunday supplement to The Times. For years she had scoured the country, (34) for new ways to turn simple ingredients into (35) dishes.One year before her cross-country journeys would end, Paddleford (36) that 150“ladies had gone traveling with their husbands“ to the Hanson, Mass. , cranberry meet
19、ing. So she would not let the (37) pass to find “new ways to use the bouncy little berry.“(38) she had a “chat“ with Mrs. Milton Reeves of New Lisbon, N. J. , who advised that fresh cranberries be (39) in the freezer for year-round use.Then she spoke with Mrs. Thomas B. Darlington Jr. , who (40) her
20、 cranberry pudding recipe“a hand-down from old times.“Cranberry pie and cranberry torte recipes quickly followed. These were (41) by Mrs. Newell Jasperson of Wisconsin Rapids, Wis. , whose husband was a third generation cranberry grower.(42) in her office, Paddleford reprinted the recipes in This We
21、ek magazine on Nov. 15, 1959. (43) the headline, Cranbernes Dont Need Turkey! she reported that the 1959 cranberry crop was estimated at 1 263 000 barrels, (44) 100 pounds to a barrel. (According to the U. S. Department of Agriculture, the forecast (45) 1999 is “a record high“ of 5.81 million barrel
22、s. ) Also, 60% of those 1959 cranberries would be used for jellies, sauces and cranberry cocktails. (Today, about 95% of the cranberry crop is processed (46) juice and sauce, while only 5% is (47) for hand-to-mouth eating. )As for Mrs. Jaspersons cranberry torte, the cranberries are combined with da
23、tes, walnuts and orange zest, which gives the dessert a hearty, fruity and decidedly California (48) . Wed call it a cake instead of a torte, however, since it contains a fair amount of flour and makes do (49) a butter cream or jam filling.In fact, we bet some might call it a terrific Thanksgiving (
24、50) .（分数：20.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_六、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)七、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：5.00)A UCSF study has revealed new information about how the brain di
25、rects the body to make movements. The key factor is “noise“ in the brains signaling, and it helps explain why all movement is not carried out with the same level of precision.Understanding where noise arises in the brain has implications for advancing research in neuromotor control and in developing
26、 therapies for disorders where control is impaired, such as Parkinsons disease.The new study was developed “to understand the brain machinery behind such common movements as typing, walking through a doorway or just pointing at an object,“ says Stephen Lisberger, PhD, senior study investigator who i
27、s director of the W.M. Keck Center for Integrative Neuroscience at the University of California, San Francisco. Study co-investigators are Leslie C. Osborne, PhD, a postdoctoral fellow at UCSF, and William Bialek, PhD, professor of physics at Princeton University.The study findings, reported in the
28、September 15 issue of the journal Nature; are part of ongoing research by Lisberger and colleagues on the neural mechanisms that allow the brain to learn and maintain skills and behavior. These basic functions are carried out through the coordination of different nerve cells within the brains neural
29、 circuits. “To make a movement, the brain takes the electrical activity of many neurons and combines them to make muscle contractions,“ Lisberger explains. “But the movements arent always perfect. So we asked, what gets in the way?“ The answer, he says, is “noise“, which is defined as the difference
30、 between what is actually occurring and what the brain perceives. He offers making a foul shot in basketball as an example. If there were no noise in the neuromotor system, a player would be able to perform the same motion over and over and never miss a shot.“Understanding how noise is reduced to ve
31、ry precise commands helps us understand how those commands are created,“ says Lisberger, who also is a Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator and a UCSF professor of physiology.In the study, the research team focused on a movement that all primates are very skilled at: an eye movement known as
32、 “smooth pursuit“ that allows the eyes to track a moving target. In a series of exercises with monkeys in which the animals would track visual targets, the researchers measured neural activity and smooth pursuit eye movements. From this data, the team analyzed the difference between how accurately t
33、he animals actually tracked a moving object and how accurately the brain perceived the trajectory. Findings showed that both the smooth pursuit system and the brains perceptual system were nearly equal.“This teaches us that these very different neural processes are limited to the same degree by the
34、same noise sources,“ says Lisberger. “And it shows that both processes are very good at reducing noise.“ He concludes, “Because the brain is noisy, our motor systems dont always do what it tells us to. Making precise movements in the face of this noise is a challenge./（分数：5.00）(1).Of the following m
35、ovements instructed by the brain, which one is not mentioned in the article?A Pointing at an object.B Jogging.C Walking through a doorway.D Typing.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).How does the brain direct a body movement?A By sending signals to the muscles directly.B By sending nerve cells to the muscles.C By
36、creating different nerve circuits.D By combining the electrical activity of neurons.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).How does “noise“ affect a basketball players performance?A It helps him hit the target every time.B It makes him a perfect player.C It makes him miss the shot sometimes.D It allows him to follow
37、the brain instruction.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Which of the following titles doesnt belong to Stephen Lisberger?A Professor of physics at Princeton University.B Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator.C Director of the W.M. Keck Center.D UCSF professor of physiology.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The finding
38、s of the study with monkeys show thatA the eye movement is not influenced by the noise.B the animals can track a moving target accurately.C the same noise sources can equally affect different neural processes.D different neural processes are limited differently by different noise sources.（分数：1.00）A.
39、B.C.D.九、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Novel approaches to babymaking seem to be coming at us so fast that we hardly have time to digest one before the next one hits test-tube babies, egg donation, surrogacy, cloning and now sex selection. And just as with earlier methods, the new sperm-separation technique a
40、nnounced last week has triggered plenty of ethical concern. Only a few critics have argued that tampering with nature to avoid a sex-linked genetic disease should be taboo. But plenty have expressed misgivings about using the new technology more casually, to balance families, or simply because paren
41、ts prefer boys or girls. Such choices, critics say, could lead to an imbalance in the sex ratio, with drastic consequences for society.These arguments are not very persuasive. In some developing countries where boys are more highly valued than girls, sex selection is already standard practice, accom
42、plished by means of infanticide of amniocentesis and abortion. The new sperm-separation technique makes it easier for more people to practice sex selection in these countries.This could skew the already tilting sex radio even further in favor of boys. In the short term, such demographic shifts could
43、 cause enormous societal problems as men, for example, find it increasingly difficult to find women to marry. In the long term, however, both evolutionary and economic theories tell us that as girls become more scarce, they will become more highly valued, perhaps to the point at which more people wi
44、ll select for girls than against them.In America and other Western countries there seems to be little chance of the sexes going far out of balance at all. Polls show that a majority of Americans view a perfect family as having one boy and one girl. If everyone used sex selection to achieve perfectio
45、n, the result would be perfect balance. Of course, some prospective parents do prefer children of one sex or the other. But such preferences would presumably balance out as well.Regarding the argument that choosing gender goes against nature: the same objection was used in earlier times by people ho
46、rrified by vaccines or heart transplants, which are now completely acceptable. Every time we use medicine to cure a disease or prevent a death, we go against nature willingly. Admittedly, sex selection for family balancing cures no disease. In fact, though, no form of babymaking solves a medical pro
47、blem. Sex selection, moreover, is medically bengin in comparison with most reproductive technologies. No surgery is involved, and the entire process can theoretically be performed without a physician. Children born through this process cant be distinguished from other children.For these reasons, I suspect that as sex selection and other reproductive technologies become more efficient and less costly, they may be embraced by American families of even modest means who ask themselves, why not? What was once unimaginable could become ro
