1、公共英语五级-114 及答案解析(总分：110.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Listening (总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part A(总题数：1，分数：10.00)(1).Psychologists say there are two different kinds of loneliness.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(2).All kinds of loneliness last only a short time.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(3).Temporary loneliness is very serious.（分数：1.00）A.
2、正确B.错误(4).Divorce sometimes causes loneliness.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(5).Loneliness can cause sleeplessness and headache.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(6).Chronic loneliness usually lasts more than two years.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(7).Lonely people have no social contacts.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(8).The loneliest people are over 5
3、0 years old.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(9).Habitual loneliness can cause serious illness.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(10).Temporary and situational loneliness are also considered as an unhealthy but normal part of life.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误三、Part B(总题数：3，分数：10.00)Questions 11 to 14 are based on the following talk on manufac
4、turing. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 11 to 14.（分数：4.00）(1).What role do most people in the manufacturing trades play?A. Designers. B. Supervisors. C. Assistants. D. Employees.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Which of the following best characterizes the job of a semiskilled worker?A. Repetitive. B.
5、 Consistent. C. Exceptional. D. Complicated.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).How are the working conditions for most manufacturing jobs?A. Disgraceful. B.Forceful. C. Harsh. D. Monotonous.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Who are responsible for panning and directing the manufacturing process?A. Scientists and engineers. B.
6、 Management workers.C. Technicians. D. Public relation workers.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 15 to 17 are based on a talk on student housing. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 15 to 17.（分数：3.00）(1).Which are not a regular part of the student dorms?A. Desks. B. Suites. C. Kitchens. D. Closets.（分
7、数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What do the married student apartments not allow?A. Children. B. Cooking. C. Spouses. D. Single students.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which of the following is most likely required in Spanish House during some periods?A. Spanish nationals. B. Spanish majors.C. Spanish speaking. D. Spanish
8、 cooking.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 18 to 20 are based on the following monologue about rainwater. You now have 20 seconds to read Questions 18 to 20.（分数：3.00）(1).What is the main topic of the talk?A. How quartz sand is formed.B. How underground water differs.C. How rain is formed.D. How water table
9、s change.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What characteristics of hard water does the speaker mention?A. It is undrinkable. B. It has minerals in it.C. It is slightly colored. D. It only tastes horrible.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What does the speaker say about quartz?A. It usually absorbs mineral impurities.B. It is
10、 rarely found in sand dunes.C. It does not dissolve in water.D. It wears away other rocks.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.四、Part C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)(1).When was the organization of Red Cross established?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).What did several countries take part in in 1864?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).What happened to the Genev
11、a Convention in 1949?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).How many members did the International Red Cross Society consist of?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).What are sent to the family members of both prisoners-of-war and civilians through Red Cross?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).What work is the Red Cross also responsible for in time of
12、 peace in many countries?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(7).What were the Voluntary Detachments of Men trained for in Britain?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).When were the Junior Red Cross Sections first formed?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(9).What did Clara Barton set up during the U. S. Civil War?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(10).When did Miss Barto
13、n retire from the leading office of Red Cross in U. S. A. ?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_五、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：20.00)One hundred and thirteen million Americans have at least one bank-issued credit card. They give their owners automatic (31) in stores, restaurants, and hotels, (32) home, across the country
14、, and even abroad, and they make many banking services (33) as well. More and more of these credit cards can be read automatically, making (34) possible to withdraw or deposit money in scattered locations, whether or not the local branch (35) is open. For many of us the “cashless society“ is not (36
15、) the horizon-its already here.While computers offer these conveniences to consumers, they have many advantages for (37) too. Electronic cash registers can do much more than (38) ring up sales. They can keep a wide range of records, including who sold what, when, and (39) whom. This information allo
16、ws businessmen to keep track of their list of goods (40) showing which (41) are being sold and how fast they are moving. Decisions to reorder or (42) goods to suppliers can then be made. Computers are relied (43) by manufacturers for similar reasons. Computer-analyzed marketing reports can help to (
17、44) which products to emphasize now, (45) to develop for the future, and which to drop. Computers keep track of goods (46) stock, of raw materials on (47) , and even of the production process (48) Numerous (49) commercial enterprises, from theaters to magazine publishers, from gas and electric utili
18、ties to milk processors, bring better and more efficient services to consumers through the use of (50) .（分数：20.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_六、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)七、Part A(总题
19、数：0，分数：0.00)八、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：5.00)While its true that just about every cell in the body has the instructions to make a complete human, most of those instructions are inactivated, and with good reason. The last thing you want is for your brain cells to start producing stomach acid or your nose to tu
20、rn into a kidney. The only time cells truly have the potential to turn into any and all body parts is very early in a pregnancy, when so-called stem cells havent begun to specialize.Yet this untapped potential could be a terrific boon to medicine. Most diseases involve the death of healthy cells-bra
21、in cells in Alzheimers, cardiac cells in heart disease, pancreatic cells in diabetes, to name a few. If doctors could isolate stem cells, then direct their growth, they might be able to furnish patients with healthy replacement tissue. It was incredibly difficult, but last fall scientists at the Uni
22、versity of Wisconsin managed to isolate stern cells and get them to grow into neural, muscle and bone cells. The process still cant be controlled, and may have unforeseen limitations. But if efforts to understand and master stem-ceil development prove successful, doctors will have a therapeutic tool
23、 of incredible power.The same applies to cloning, which is really just the other side of the coin. True cloning, as first shown with Dolly the sheep two years ago, involves taking a developed cell and reactivating the genome within, resetting its developmental instructions to a pristine state. Once
24、that happens, the rejuvenated ceil can develop into a full-fledged animal, genetically identical to its parent.For agriculture, in which purely physical characteristics like milk production in a cow or low fat in a hog have real market value, biological carbon copies could become routine within a fe
25、w years. This past year scientists have done for mice and cows what Ian Wilmut did for Dolly, and other creatures are bound to join the cloned menagerie in the coming year.Human cloning, on the other hand, may be technically feasible but legally and emotionally more difficult. Still, one day it will
26、 happen. The ability to reset body cells to a pristine, undeveloped state could give doctors exactly the same advantages they would get from stem cells: the potential to make healthy body tissues of all sorts, and thus to cure disease. That could prove to be a tree “miracle cure“.（分数：5.00）(1).The pa
27、ssage mainly discusses _.A. the cloning technology B. types of body cellsC. stem cells D. methods of growing body tissues（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The reason a nose is not likely to turn into a kidney is that _.A. cells in the nose do not contain instructionsB. nose does not contain brain cellsC. instruc
28、tions in a nose cell are inactivatedD. the stem ceils have not been specialized（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).When stem cells specialize, they _.A. grow into body parts B. are destroyedC. are set back to a pristine state D. turn nose into kidney（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The phrase “biological carbon copies“ (para.
29、 4) refers to _.A. physical characteristics of real market valueB. body tissuesC. cloned animalsD. stem cells（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The author would most likely agree with which of the following statements?A. Human cloning is a technical impossibility.B. Human cloning may cause ethical concerns.C. Clo
30、ning contributes to understanding of stem cells.D. The potential medical values of cloning have been exaggerated.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.九、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Hotels were among the earliest facilities that bound the United States together. They were both creatures and creators of communities, as well as s
31、ymptoms of the frenetic quest for community. Even in the first part of the nineteenth century, Americans were already forming the habit of gathering from all corners of the nation for both public and private, business and pleasure purposes. Conventions were the new occasions, and hotels were distinc
32、tively American facilities making conventions possible. The first national convention of a major party to choose a candidate for President (that of the National Republican Party, which met on December 12,1831, and nominated Henry Clay for President) was held in Baltimore, at a hotel that was then re
33、puted to be the best in the country. The presence in Baltimore of Barnums City Hotel, a six-story building with two hundred apartments, helps explain why many other early national political conventions were held there.In the longer nm, too, American hotels made other national conventions not only po
34、ssible but pleasant and convivial. The growing custom of regularly assembling from afar the representatives of all kinds of groups not only for political conventions, but also for commercial, professional, learned, and avocational ones-in turn supported the multiplying hotels. By mid-twentieth centu
35、ry, conventions accounted for over a third of the yearly room occupancy of all hotels in the nation; about eighteen thousand different conventions were held annually with a total attendance of about ten million persons.Nineteenth-century American hotelkeepers, who were no longer the genial, deferent
36、ial “hosts of the eighteenth-century European inn, became leading citizens. Holding a large stake in the community, they exercised power to make it prosper. As owners or managers of the local “palace of the public“, they were makers and shapers of a principal community attraction. Travelers from abr
37、oad were mildly shocked by this high social position.（分数：5.00）(1).The word “bound“ in line 1 is closest in meaning to _.A. led B. protected C. tied D. strengthened（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The National Republican Party is mentioned in line 7 as an example of a group _.A. from Baltimore B. of learned peop
38、leC. owning a hotel D. holding a convention（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The word “assembling“ in line 13 is closest in meaning to _.A. announcing B. motivating C. gathering D. contracting（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).It can be inferred from the passage that early hotelkeepers in the United States were _.A. active po
39、liticians B. European immigrantsC. professional builders D. influential citizens（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).Which of the following statements about early American hotels is NOT mentioned in the passage?A. Travelers from abroad did not enjoy staying in them.B. Conventions were held in them.C. People used th
40、em for both business and pleasure.D. They were important to the community.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.十、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：5.00)The concept of obtaining fresh water from icebergs that are towed to populated regions of the world was once treated as a joke more appropriate to cartoons than real life. But now it is
41、being considered quite seriously by many nations, especially since scientists have warned that the human race will outgrow its fresh water supply faster than it runs out of food.Glaciers are a possible source of fresh water that have been overlooked until recently. Three quarters of the Earths fresh
42、 water supply is still tied up in glacial ice, a reservoir of untapped fresh water so immense that it could sustain all the rivers of the world for 1, 000 years. Floating on the oceans every year are 7, 659 trillion metric tons of ice encased in 10, 000 icebergs that break away from the polar ice ca
43、ps, more than ninety percent of them from Antarctica.Huge glaciers that stretch over the shallow continental shelf give birth to icebergs throughout the year. Icebergs are not like sea ice, which is formed when the sea itself freezes; rather, they are formed entirely on land, breaking off when glaci
44、ers spread over the sea. As they drift away from the polar region, icebergs sometimes move mysteriously in a direction opposite to the wind, pulled by subsurface currents. Because they melt more slowly than smaller pieces of ice, icebergs have been known to drift as far north as 35 degrees south of
45、the equator in the Atlantic ocean. To corral them and steer them to parts of the world where they are needed would not be too difficult.The difficulty arises in other technical matters, such as the prevention of rapid melting in warmer climates and the funneling of fresh water to shore in great volu
46、me. But even if the icebergs lost half of their volume in towing, the water they could provide would be far cheaper than that produced by desalination, or removing salt from water.（分数：5.00）(1).The main idea of the passage is about _.A. the movement of glaciers B. icebergs as a source of fresh waterC
47、. future water shortages D. the future Of the worlds rivers（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The word “it“ in line 2 refers to _.A. an iceberg that is towed B. obtaining fresh water from icebergsC. the population of arid areas D. real life（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to the author, most of the worlds fresh wat
48、er is to be found in _.A. oceans B. rivers C. glaciers D. reservoirs（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).How are icebergs formed?A. They break off from glaciers. B. Seawater freezes.C. Rivers freeze. D. Small pieces of floating ice converge.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The word “desalination“ in the last sentence may mean _.A. river
