1、公共英语五级-112 及答案解析(总分：110.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Listening (总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part A(总题数：1，分数：10.00)(1).Man has three basic needs: food, shelter and clothing.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(2).The only reason man wears clothing is for protection.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(3).It is believed that early man sometimes wore the s
2、kins of animals as a kind of magic.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(4).All natural materials used for clothing come from animals.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(5).Wool comes from sheep and cows.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(6).Cotton was first used as material in Europe.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(7).Linen is made from animal hair.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误
3、(8).Artificial silk was made in 1884.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(9).It is possible to make synthetic fibers from milk and petroleum.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误(10).Synthetic fibers are never as good as natural fibers.（分数：1.00）A.正确B.错误三、Part B(总题数：3，分数：10.00)(1).How old is the earliest surviving examples of Chinese prin
4、ting?A. It was produced before AD 400. B. It was produced before AD 200.C. It was produced before AD 100. D. It was produced before AD 50.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).In what way is the “flexo“ process considered better than standard printing?A. The newspapers remain thin and flexible.B. The presses can pri
5、nt larger sheets of paper.C. The ink is fast drying and clear.D. The ink can be changed and retested.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).According to the speaker, what is a disadvantage of the “flexo“ process?A. Presses may get clogged with ink. B. Papers get smudged with old ink.C. Reporters prefer the standard m
6、ethod.D.Machines may need to be oiled daily.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.Who is the speaker?（分数：4.00）(1).Who is the speaker? AA poet. BA teacher. CA student. DAn artist.（分数：1.00）A.A poet.B.A teacher.C.A student.D.An artist.(2).What was the discussion topic of the previous class meeting? ANew England mystery sto
7、ries. BEighteenth-century English criticism. CA comparison of poems of Dickinson and Whitman. DThe poems of Walt Whitman.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).How did Emily Dickinson differ from Walt Whitman? AShe published poems frequently. BShe seldom left home. CShe lived in an earlier era. DShe spoke a different
8、 language.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).What will the class do now? AHear another report. BDiscuss one of Emily Dickinsons poems. CHear a lecture given by the teacher. DDiscuss poems they have written themselves.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(1).Where can the boy use a photocopying machine?A. At Brights. B. At Hatchers.C
9、. At the post office. D. At a bookshop.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What can the boy do at Brights?A. To have ones hair cut. B. To have some sheets washed.C. To have ones shoes repaired. D. To have a jacket cleaned.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which of the following is NOT on the High Street according to the conver
10、sation?A. The supermarket. B. The library.C. The branch of the National Bank. D. The butchers.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.四、Part C(总题数：1，分数：10.00)(1).Where did Polly bring his pet dog to?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).According to Polly, what does his dog need as he is still a puppy?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).What will pet dogs
11、 often be mistaken for if they do not have a lead or a collar on?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).What are dogs trained to do in Switzerland?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).What are dogs used to do in Iceland and thus are considered very important there?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(6).Who was bitten by a dog last year?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(
12、7).According to Pollys mother, what does the cat catch?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(8).What did Mrs. Banks father have in the garden when she was a little girl?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(9).What kind of birds did the children of Mrs. Bankss neighborhood love?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(10).What is the most important thing for one t
13、o keep a pet?（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_五、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：20.00)The life of Albert Einstein is a model in many ways (31) both natural and political scientists.First of all, he always employed the scientific method of (32) truth from facts. He firmly believed (33) he put it, that “there is nothing i
14、ncomprehensible (34) the universe“, and through painstaking work explained many of the phenomena thought to be “incomprehensible“ in his day. Einstein was also never afraid to (35) mistakes when facts (36) his theories wrong.Second, Einsteins contributions showed the great importance of theoretical
15、work to scientific effort. (37) he himself rarely worked in laboratories, the concepts he developed led (38) many of the scientific advances (39) have shaped modem technology.Third, Einstein believed very deeply that scientists must (40) a moral and social consciousness. (41) this way, he provided i
16、nspiration for a whole generation of scientists who became active in the communist movement.Einstein is often portrayed in bourgeois writings (42) a “Genius“ whose theories are (43) complicated that no one (44) a few best scientists can understand them. But he (45) rejected the efforts to (46) him i
17、n a position far (47) other people. He was well-known for his (48) manner and often stressed to in terviews that his accomplishments would certainly have been achieved by others had he never lived.Actually, Einsteins (49) of relativity and his other scientific works are not that hard to understand w
18、ith a little study. But beyond learning Einsteins theories, his overall attitude (50) science as a tool to liberate humanity is something from which everyone can and should learn.（分数：20.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:
19、_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_六、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)七、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Just three weeks before Polar Lander was set to arrive at Mars, a NASA panel issued its report on the Climate Orbiter failure in September. The prime cause of that disaster, as everyone now
20、knows, was a truly dumb mistake. The spacecrafts builder, Lockheed Martin Astronautics, provided one set of specifications in old-fashioned English units, while its operators at NASAs Jet Propulsion Laboratory were using metric.But the report also uncovered management problems that let the mistake g
21、o undiscovered,including poor communication between mission teams, poor training and inadequate staffing. Indeed, the navigation team was seriously overworked, trying to run three missions at once.Because the Polar Lander was also built by Lockheed Martin, and because it was to use Climate Orbiter a
22、s a communications relay, the panel looked into that probe too, finding the same weak management. “A recurring theme in the boards deliberations,“ reads the report, “was one of Whos in charge? It also raised questions about the probes landing technology, which was complex, risky and largely untested
23、.With Polar Lander nearing its final plunge, NASA promised to respond to the concerns, and the agency did address a couple of them. But by then, the die was largely cast. Maybe the lander was done in by something unforeseeable-a badly placed boulder, perhaps, or a crevasse-hich no probe could have a
24、voided. And given the complexities of getting a spacecraft to Mars and having it work properly, its no surprise that something should go bad.One of the big advantages to the faster-cheaper-better approach, in fact; is that when probes inevitably do fail, the loss is relatively small. Mars Observer,
25、which vanished without a trace just before Coldin took office, cost the nation more than $1 billion, Climate Orbiter and the Polar Lander have set taxpayers back only $319 million between them. “We launched 10 spacecraft in 10 months,“ said Coldin. “We used to launch two a year. We have to be prepar
26、ed for failure if were going to explore.“Even NASAs critics agree that doing things faster, better and cheaper makes sense-if its done right. Says Pike: “This should provide an opportunity for a midcourse correction. Some sort of correction may already be under way. Coldin has launched a new investi
27、gation to look into the Polar Lander loss, and NASA chief of space science Edward Weiler said last week the agency would rethink its ambitious schedule of sending multiple missions to Mars every 26 months through 2007. After years of tipping the other way, “better“ may finally be getting the same at
28、tention as “faster“ and “cheaper“ in NASAs mind-set.（分数：5.00）(1).According to the report issued by a NASA panel, the main cause of the Climate Orbiter failure was_.A. the spacecrafts builder should not have used old-fashioned English unitsB. the operators at NASAs Jet Propulsion Laboratory were usin
29、g metricC. a truly dumb mistakeD. the inconsistency of the units between the spacecrafts builder and the operators at the Laboratory（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).From the report we can also learn that_.A. there was something wrong with the management systemB. the NASA panel was overworkedC. the spacecrafts b
30、uilder was in poor communication with the operatorsD. the navigation team tried to run three missions at once（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).In the third paragraph, the panels investigation also showed that_.A. the Polar Lander was poorly built by Lockheed Martin and largely untestedB. it did not use Climate O
31、rbiter as a communications relayC. the probes management often came across the problem about who was in chargeD. the probes landing technology was simple, weak and risky（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The statement“. the die was largely cast“ (para 4) most probably means_.A. when probes did fail, the loss was
32、relatively smallB. most of the problems were already solvedC. no probe could have avoided something unforeseeableD. there was no turning back by then（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What is the main message of this text?A. We have to be prepared for failure if were going to explore.B. Its no surprise that somet
33、hing should go bad.C. Faster, cheaper spacecraft are always better.D. The agency would rethink is ambitious schedule of sending multiple missions to Mars.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.九、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：5.00)The linear flight formations of migratory birds are called echelons. The V and the J structures are typica
34、l and are the most readily recognized flock echelons, but other variations also occur. Studies of several species have shown that a true V-shaped echelon is, in fact, less common than a J formation is.There are two well-supported and complementary explanations for why birds fly in formation. One is
35、to conserve energy by taking advantage of the upward vortex fields created by the wings of the birds in front. The other is to facilitate orientation and communication among the birds. These explanations are not mutually exclusive, and both have been backed by a variety of studies. The relative impo
36、rtance of each undoubtedly shifts as various factors, such as the season of the year or the purpose of individual flights, change. During local feeding flights, for example, energy conservation is probably much less important than careful orientation and collision avoidance are. During long-distance
37、 migration, orientation and communication remain necessary, but there is also much to be gained for each bird in the flock by optimizing its position to conserve energy.Fluid dynamics and energy wave configuration calculations have been used to test predictions of where birds should position themsel
38、ves in relation to others to conserve the most energy as they travel through the air. Analyses of flock formations using photography have measured bird positions and found them to almost always be located such that they gain some energetic advantage. The animals are not very often in the expected op
39、timal location, however, indicating that other factors also influence position in the formation.Knowledge of birds visual axes, “blind spots“ and field of vision has allowed researchers to pinpoint the best locations for birds within a flock to maintain optimal visual positioning. Actual positions o
40、f the animals are usually positively related to these predictions but are, again, not always optimal. Studies have categorized the positions of birds and found that some individuals take positions that are most closely predicted to satisfy the energy conservation hypothesis; others are in better vis
41、ual contact positions; and still others are not apparently responding to either benefit or are in a position that should gain some advantage from both benefits.The leaders of formations change from time to time, but the causes, frequency and characteristics of these changes have not yet been determi
42、ned. Sustained observation from the ground of flocks covering great distances in the air is very difficult. There are plenty of intuitive predictions about leader choice that quickly come to mind relative to the age, experience, sex, condition and social status of the leaders, but researchers have n
43、ot figured out how to overcome the prohibitive logistic issues to test them. Some scientists have trained birds to fly in formation with small aircraft; perhaps their experiences will yield opportunities to test these ideas.（分数：5.00）(1).Migratory birds fly in formation toA. conserve energy.B. help o
44、rientation.C. facilitate communication.D. All Above.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The word “each“ in the 5th sentence of the second paragraph refers toA. formation.B. study.C. factor.D. explanation.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).How do the researchers test predictions of where birds should position themselves in their
45、 echelon to conserve energy?A. Using the energy conservation hypothesis to categorize the positions of birds.B. Using fluid dynamics and energy wave configuration calculations.C. Using photography to analyze various flock formations.D. Using knowledge of birds visual axes, “blind spots“ and field of
46、 vision.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Why do echelon leaders change sometimes?A. It can help optimize orientation.B. Birds can better avoid collision.C. The reason is still unclear.D. Birds cant determine one leader.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).What makes sustained observation of flock formations very difficult?A. T
47、he characteristics of echelon changes.B. Lack in hands and equipment.C. Too many intuitive predictions.D. Too many factors involved in echelons.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.十、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Crippling healthcare bills, long emergency-room waits and the inability to find a primary care physician just scratc
48、h the surface of the problems that patients face daily.Primary care should be the backbone of any healthcare system. Countries with appropriate primary care resources score highly when it comes to health outcomes and cost. The US takes the opposite approach by emphasizing the specialist rather than the pr
