1、公共英语四级真题(6)及答案解析(总分：80.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Listening (总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：20.00)In addition to the established energy sources such as gas, coal, oil and nuclear, there are a number of other sources that we ought to consider. Two of these are hydroelectric and tidal power.
2、 These two sources are 1 in that they are both renewable. 2 , hydropower is more widely used than tidal. In 3 , a substantial amount of electricity is already produced in HEP (hydroelectric power)stations worldwide, 4 tidal stations are still in the very early 5 of development. As far as geographica
3、l 6 is concerned, HEP projects are to be found on lakes and rivers. while tidal 7 are constructed only at river mouths where tidal 8 is great. Unfortunately these are 9 in number. At present HEP stations are found mainly in Norway, Canada, Sweden and Brazil, whereas tidal plants are in 10 in France,
4、 Russia and China. As regards capital 11 , both require very high investment. On the other hand, generating 12 are quite low in both cases. In fact, a large scale HEP plant is capable of producing power more 13 than conventional sources, such as coal, oil and nuclear plants. Tidal power also compare
5、s 14 with nuclear and oil generated electricity, 15 the amount of money on production. 16 HEP stations, tidal constructions have a long life 17 . It is estimated that they can operate for over 100 years. With respect to 18 of supply, tidal stations 19 from HEP ones in that they often can only supply
6、 power 20 . HEP stations, however, provide a constant supply of electricity.（分数：20.00）A.compatibleB.parallelC.similarD.identicalA.FurthermoreB.HoweverC.HenceD.OtherwiseA.additionB.briefC.generalD.factA.providedB.sinceC.whereasD.thoughA.stagesB.periodsC.yearsD.sessionsA.locationB.positionC.situationD
7、.conditionA.patternsB.designsC.plansD.schemesA.variationB.balanceC.frequencyD.stabilityA.smallB.fewC.rareD.scarceA.operationB.productionC.processionD.actionA.spendingB.planningC.financingD.savingA.expendituresB.benefitsC.costsD.profitsA.expensivelyB.consistentlyC.periodicallyD.cheaplyA.convenientlyB
8、.beneficiallyC.advantageouslyD.favorablyA.on account ofB.in terms ofC.regardless ofD.in spite ofA.LikeB.ExceptC.RegardingD.WithA.applicationB.enduranceC.expectancyD.extensionA.concentrationB.continuityC.conformityD.conductivityA.developB.differC.departD.deriveA.interchangeablyB.immediatelyC.intermit
9、tentlyD.intensively三、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)五、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Inflation has just exploded. The real problem is that we have an underlying rate of inflationan impetus of wages chasing pricesof maybe 9 percent that is heading towards 10 percent. There also have be
10、en tremendous shocks in energy, food and housing prices, making it worse. By the end of the year, we will be in a situation where year in, year out, we can look forward to at least 10 percent inflation. And the question will be: How much worse will oil, food and housing prices make that? The situati
11、on has degenerated to the point that the only way to turn it around is to think of some very extreme changes in policy. A policy of gradualism, where you“re talking about a mild recession and another 1 to 2 million people unemployed, won“t make much difference. Postponing action just means that infl
12、ation presses further and is even more difficult to deal with. You have to start with revenue and monetary restraint. All the burden now is on monetary policy. We should shift to a much more restrictive revenue policy and an easier monetary policy. To be significant, the 1981 budget should be cut by
13、 at least 20 billion dollars from 616 billion President Carter proposed. That“s a major cut in government programsand very hard to do. It“s impossible if you save defense and all the programs indexed for changes in the cost of living. So it means cuts across the board in every areaincluding the inde
14、xed programs, such as Social Security and food stamps. State and local-government revenue-sharing programs are another major candidate. You“ve also got to reopen the 1980 budget and cut that. Then I would favor wage and price controls to break the impetus of the wage-price interaction In order to ge
15、t quick results, I“d set the standard around 5 or 6 percent for both wages and prices. Basically, you“re aiming to cut the rate of inflation in half the first year. There would be no exceptions, but you would focus on large corporations and major labor settlements. For the special sectors where the
16、big shocks have occurred, controls won“t work. Instead, you need additional policies in each one of those areas. There are no cheap or easy solutions to the inflation problem. My answer is to take all the things that everybody wants to do, and instead of choosing among them, do all of them. We“ve go
17、t to think in terms of a comprehensive program.（分数：5.00）(1).In the author“s opinion, the high inflation rate in the US was accompanied by（分数：1.00）A.energy crises.B.mounting wages.C.housing shortage.D.shrinking market.(2).The only way to reverse the worsening situation seems to be（分数：1.00）A.a policy
18、of gradualism.B.sacrifice of public interests.C.radical changes of policy.D.postponing of drastic actions.(3).We can learn from the fourth paragraph that（分数：1.00）A.a substantial cut in annual revenue is called for.B.defense and social welfare programs should undergo cuts.C.we should leave intact pro
19、grams for bettering people“s living.D.we should exercise less control over monetary policy.(4).The phrase“ special sectors“ (line 1, paragraph 7) most probably refers to（分数：1.00）A.energy, food and housing.B.indexed programs.C.social security and food stamps.D.large corporations and labor settlements
20、.(5).What is the text mainly about?（分数：1.00）A.The defect of US monetary system.B.The causes of ever-worsening inflation in the US.C.Prospects for the US economic situation.D.A comprehensive settlement of inflation in the US.六、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：5.00)For centuries the most valuable of African resources
21、for Europeans were the slaves, but these could be obtained at coastal ports, without any need for going deep inland. Slavery had been an established institution in Africa. Prisoners of war had been enslaved, as were also debtors and individuals guilty of serious crimes. But these slaves usually were
22、 treated as part of the family. They had clearly defined rights, and their slave status was not necessarily inherited. Therefore it is commonly argued that Africa“s traditional slavery was mild compared to the trans-Atlantic slave trade organized by the Europeans. This argument, however, can be carr
23、ied too far. In the most recent study of this subject, some scholars warned against the illusion that “cruel and dehumanizing enslavement was a monopoly of the West. Slavery in its extreme forms, including the taking of life, was common to both Africa and the West. The fact that African slavery had
24、different origins and consequences should not lead us to deny what it wasthe exploitation and control of human beings.“ Neither can it be denied that the wholesale shipment of Africans to the slave plantations of the Americas was made possible by the participation of African chiefs who rounded up th
25、eir fellow Africans and sold them as a handsome profit to European ship captains waiting along the coasts. Granting all this, the fact remains that the trans-Atlantic slave trade conducted by the Europeans was entirely different in quantity and quality from the traditional type of slavery that had e
26、xisted within Africa. From the beginning the European variety was primarily an economic institution rather than social, as it had been in Africa. Western slave traders and slave owners were acted on by purely economic considerations, and were quite ready to work their slaves to death if it was more
27、profitable to do so than to treat them more mercifully. This inhumanity was reinforced by racism when the Europeans became involved in the African slave trade on a large scale. Perhaps as a subconscious rationalization they gradually came to look down on Negroes as inherently inferior, and therefore
28、 destined to serve their white masters. Rationalization also may have been involved in the Europeans“ use of religion to justify the traffic in human beings. It was argued, for instance, that enslavement assured the conversion of the African evil-believing religions to the true faith as well as to c
29、ivilization.（分数：5.00）(1).In the first paragraph, the author argues that（分数：1.00）A.the Europeans were innocent in the trade of African slaves.B.slavery in Africa and in the West was the same in nature.C.the view in the most recent studies of enslavement is baseless.D.slaves had been treated even more
30、 cruelly in the African tradition.(2).Which of the following was true of the local African slavery?（分数：1.00）A.Slaves might have their own families.B.The son of a slave might not be a slave.C.Slavery was confined to the coastal regions.D.There was no killing in African slavery.(3).The sentence “This
31、argument, can be carried too far“ implies that（分数：1.00）A.African“s traditional slavery was inhumane.B.the slavery in Africa was confined to some regions.C.supporters of this argument knew little of Africa.D.slave shipment was not so serious as was imagined.(4).Supporters of the rationalization of sl
32、avery believe that the trade（分数：1.00）A.was out of good intents from the beginning.B.helped the development of local religion.C.was a help for civilizing the Africans.D.drove the evils out of the African religions.(5).The relation between the two paragraphs is that in the 2nd paragraph the author（分数：
33、1.00）A.challenges the viewpoint in the 1st paragraph.B.modifies his view expressed in the 1st paragraph.C.provides the reason for the argument in the 1st paragraph.D.further analyzes the issue discussed in the 1st paragraph.七、Text 3(总题数：1，分数：5.00)As West Nile virus creeps toward California, an unlik
34、ely warrior could provide the first line of defense: the chicken. The familiar fowl make irresistible targets for mosquitoes. Unlike crows, chickens don“t get sick from West Nile. But they do produce telltale antibodies to the virus. So in test coops scattered across the state, more than 2000 “senti
35、nel chickens“ submit to frequent blood tests. When antibodies do turn up, California health officials will know that the inevitable has occurred; the West Nile epidemic will have swept the country. Last week alone, more than 100 new human cases of West Nile were reported. The virus was detected as f
36、ar west as Colorado and Wyoming, infecting 371 and killing 16 people in 20 states plus the District of Columbia. This year West Nile appeared earlier in the mosquito seasonmid-June instead of Augustand claimed younger victims ; the average age dropped from 65 to 54. Federal health officials are stil
37、l trying to figure out why, but say they may be finding more West Nile precisely because they“re on the lookout for it. As Dr. Julie Gerberding, the new director of the Centers for Disease Control (CDC), recently told reporters, “We“re not in crisis mode.“ When West Nile hit New York City in 1999, t
38、he CDC realized it was a victim of its own success. Because health officials had conquered most mosquito-borne diseases decades ago, many states abolished their mosquito-control programs. The Feds rushed in with fundssome $50 million since 1999, plus $31 million more this year aloneto train insect r
39、esearchers, set up state testing labs and kill off the annoying insects. The CDC established a new computer monitoring system and held strategy sessions with state officials. Some epidemiologists question the focusand the millionslavished on a virus that“s killed fewer than 20. “There“s an epidemic
40、in gun violence that“s taking more lives than West Nile virus,“ says Dr. William Steinmann, director of the Tulance Center for Clinical Effectiveness and Prevention, But the Feds say their efforts have kept West Nile from doing far more damage. “We“re basically building the infrastructure to deal wi
41、th this over the next 50 years,“ says Dr. Lyle Peterson, a CDC epidemiologist: “This is here to stay. “ So far, there are no remedies for West Nile. Officials eventually expect the virus to settle into a quiet pattern of mild infections with occasional outbreaks. To do battle at home, the CDC recomm
42、ends eliminating standing water and using insect spray with DEETsimple precautions, but the best defense against an invader that shows no signs of going away.（分数：5.00）(1).In California scientists use chicken to（分数：1.00）A.sweep away the West Nile epidemic.B.produce antibodies to West Nile virus.C.fig
43、ht against the spread of West Nile virus.D.monitor the presence of the West Nile virus.(2).According to Federal health officials, the fact that more West Nile cases have been reported indicates that（分数：1.00）A.more states are affected.B.the average age dropped drastically.C.health officials are more
44、alert to the disease.D.the epidemic season began a month earlier.(3).CDC considered the outbreak of West Nile in 1999 as a consequence of（分数：1.00）A.the abolition of the mosquito-control programs.B.the surviving mosquito-borne infections.C.the abuse of some $ 50 million in funds.D.its failure to conq
45、uer mosquito-borne diseases.(4).Feds claimed that their spending on West Nile control was（分数：1.00）A.worthwhile in the long run.B.liable to continue regardless of the great cost.C.bound to settle the problem once and for all.D.wasteful in view of the few victims of the disease.(5).Which of the follow
46、ing would CDC most probably recommend?（分数：1.00）A.Health weighs more than wealth.B.Prevention is better than cure.C.Actions speak louder than words.D.Better late than never.八、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Jill Ker Conway, president of Smith, echoes the prevailing view of contemporary technology when she says
47、that “anyone in today“s world who doesn“t understand data processing is not educated.“ But she insists that the increasing emphasis on these matters leave certain gaps. Says she: “The very strongly utilitarian emphasis in education, which is an effect of man-made satellites and the cold war, has rea
48、lly removed from this culture something that was very profound in its 18th and 19th century roots, which was a sense that literacy and learning were ends in themselves for a democratic republic.“ In contrast to Plato“s claim for the social value of education, a quite different idea of intellectual p
49、urposes was advocated by the Renaissance humanists. Overjoyed with their rediscovery of the classical learning that was thought to have disappeared during the Dark Ages, they argued that the imparting of knowledge needs no justificationreligious, social, economic, or political. Its purpose, to the extent that it has one, is to pass on from generation to generation the corpus of knowledge that constitutes civilization. “What could man acquire, by virtuous striving, that is more valuable than knowledge?“ asked Erasmus, perhaps the greatest scholar of the early 16th century. Th
