1、公共英语四级分类模拟题 78 及答案解析(总分：39.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：20.00)History books and Hollywood westerns have created stereotypes of both the Indians and their white 1 2 , Indians have been portrayed as ignorant, murdering 3 ; the whites, on the other hand, have been 4 as brave adventurers,
2、 struggling to make homes in a new and hostile land. It is not surprising that 5 the years the Indians have developed a sense of personal and cultural 6 and the whites a sense of superiority. These feelings are 7 evident 8 the reservations. Government reservations have fostered a “paternalistic“ att
3、itude of whites toward Indians, 9 Indians have been encouraged to be dependent upon whites for food and survival. It should come as no surprise 10 Indians, after years of isolation and dependency on reservations, often 11 motivation and self-esteem. In an attempt to 12 from a life of poverty and une
4、mployment, many Indians 13 to alcohol. Alcoholism is a major health problem on reservations and in some way 14 approximately 80 percent of the families. As one Sioux Indian explained, “When you“ve got no job, no money, and a house with a dirt roof, you“ve got good reason to want to get drunk.“ Despa
5、ir has even harsher consequences. The suicide 15 among Indian teenagers is four times the national average. Traditionally, Indian schools have tried to force children to forget their Indian language and 16 in favor of white customs and 17 . As a result, many young people feel inferior to the 18 whit
6、e American and are ashamed of their Indian heritage. 19 , however, this deplorable situation has begun to change 20 the efforts of sensitive teachers and school administrators.（分数：20.00）A.fellowsB.counterpartsC.peopleD.folksA.UsuallyB.HabituallyC.HistoricallyD.TraditionallyA.savagesB.primitivesC.bar
7、bariansD.slaughtersA.explainedB.referredC.describedD.thoughtA.withinB.overC.forD.duringA.securityB.inferiorityC.dignityD.aweA.strikinglyB.mainlyC.particularlyD.exceptionallyA.withB.inC.onD.atA.for exampleB.howeverC.onD.that isA.asB.thusC.whenD.thatA.lackB.needC.demandD.challengeA.escapeB.runC.fleeD.
8、turnA.takeB.resortC.turnD.switchA.effectsB.affectsC.concernsD.influencesA.numberB.rateC.figureD.ratioA.customB.familyC.cultureD.tribeA.valuesB.communityC.languagesD.educationA.commonB.mostC.ordinaryD.averageA.Now thatB.RecentlyC.NowadaysD.In the pastA.inB.withC.throughD.by二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，
9、分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：5.00)The Dragon Boat Festival is one of the three major Chinese traditional festivals, along with Spring Festival and the Moon Festival. Of the three, it is possibly the oldest, dating back to the Warring States Period. As the term suggests, dragon
10、-boat is a boat caved like a dragon. The origin of the dragon-boat race is related to Quyuan, a senior official of Chu in the period of the Warring States. He hated the crafty sycophants in the important positions. At last, he was squeezed out by them and exiled. He threw himself into a river on the
11、 fifth of the fifth lunar month in 278 BC. The local people organized spontaneously to rescue him by rowing boat. However, the rescue ended in vain. This common practice developed into the dragon-boat sports to memorize Quyuan. The dragon-boat race has become a custom since Tang Dynasty. To win the
12、race, the following must be concerned about: 1. High quality wood. Heavy wood will affect the speed, so it is usually made of light wood. 2. Players with energy, endurance and rowing skills. The method to choose excellent oarsmen is interesting. Two contestants sit in the same boat back to back. The
13、y both row to the directions they are facing, and the one whose direction the boat moves to is the winner. He will be chosen as the player. 3. Excellent dispatch. Since there are scores or even a hundred oarsmen on a boat, they can not win the game until they are in the same step. A strong man beat
14、a dram in the center of the boat, and the oarsmen unity the rhythm accordingly, which helps them to be in step to win the game. Last but not least, an excellent coxswain is very important. The boat moves forward like a lightning once it sets off. It is not easy to adjust if it moves off the right di
15、rection. Nowadays, dragon-boat race has been a world competitive game. The first world dragon boat championship was held in China in 1995. Every spring there are nearly 60 dragon boat races are held outside China in cities from Vancouver to Sydney, from Gdask, Poland to Cape Town, South Africa. Cana
16、da alone has nearly 50 dragon boat teams and Germany has nearly 30. It is influencing the world with its special power.（分数：5.00）(1).Which of the following statements would the author be likely to agree?（分数：1.00）A.The heavier the wood is, the better the boat is.B.The stronger players are more likely
17、to be chosen in the dragon boat race.C.Good oarsmen can drive the boat in perfect direction.D.The final result of the race is dependant on three conditions.(2).The word “endurance“ in Paragraph 2, Line 5 probably refers to（分数：1.00）A.carefulness.B.patience.C.insistence.D.charm.(3).The author“s attitu
18、de towards the prospect of the race is（分数：1.00）A.satisfied.B.indifferent.C.disappointed.D.confident.(4).As for the Dragon Boat Festival, which statement is right?（分数：1.00）A.People from other countries feel sorry for Quyuan“s death.B.China is the champion among the first world dragon boat race.C.The
19、two countries Gdask and Poland both like the dragon boat activity.D.The dragon boat race has gone beyond national boundary.(5).What is mainly discussed in the text?（分数：1.00）A.The story of Quyuan.B.How to choose the best oarsmen.C.The influence of dragon-boat race to the world.D.Dragon-Boat Festival
20、and dragon-boat race.五、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：4.00)The fossil remains of the first flying vertebrates, the pterosaurs, have intrigued paleontologists for more than two centuries. How such large creatures, which weighed in some cases as much as a piloted hang-glider and had wingspans from 8 to 12 meters,
21、 solved the problems of powered flight, and exactly what these creatures werereptiles or birdsare among the questions scientists have puzzled over. Perhaps the least controversial assertion about the pterosaurs is that they were reptiles. Their skulls, pelvises, and hind feet are reptilian. The anat
22、omy of their wings suggests that they did not e- valve into the class of birds. In pterosaurs a greatly elongated fourth finger of each forelimb supported a wing like membrane. The other fingers were short and reptilian, with sharp claws. In birds the second finger is the principal strut of the wing
23、, which consists primarily of feathers. If the pterosaurs walked on all fours, the three short fingers may have been employed for grasping. When a pterosaur walked or remained stationary, the fourth finger, and with it the wing, could only turn upward in an extended inverted V-shape along each side
24、of the animal“s body. The pterosaurs resembled both birds and bats in their overall structure and proportions. This is not surprising because the design of any flying vertebrate is subject to aerodynamic constraints. Both the pterosaurs and the birds have hollow bones, a feature that represents a sa
25、vings in weight. In the birds, however, these bones are reinforced more massively by internal struts. Although scales typically cover reptiles, the pterosaurs probably had hairy coats. T.H. Huxley reasoned that flying vertebrates must have been warm-blooded because flying implies a high rate of meta
26、bolism, which in turn implies a high internal temperature. Huxley speculated that a coat of hair would insulate against loss of body heat and might streamline the body to reduce drag in flight. The recent discovery of a pterosaur specimen covered in long, dense, and relatively thick hairlike fossil
27、material was the first clear evidence that his reasoning was correct. Efforts to explain how the pterosaurs became airborne have led to suggestions that they launched themselves by jumping from cliffs, by dropping from trees or even by rising into light winds from the crests of waves. Each hypothesi
28、s has its difficulties. The first wrongly assumes that the pterosaurs “hind feet resembled a bat“s and could serve as hooks by which the animal could hang in preparation for flight. The second hypothesis seems unlikely because large pterosaurs could not have landed in trees without damaging their wi
29、ngs. The third calls for high waves to channel updrafts. The wind that made such waves however, might have been too strong for the pterosaurs to control their flight once airborne.（分数：4.00）(1).It can be inferred from the passage that scientists now generally agree that the _.（分数：0.80）A.enormous wing
30、span of the pterosaurs enabled them to fly great distancesB.structure of the skeleton of the pterosaurs suggests a close evolutionary relationship to batsC.fossil remains of the pterosaurs reveal how they solved the problem of powered flightD.pterosaurs were reptiles(2).The author views the idea tha
31、t the pterosaurs became airborne by rising into light winds created by waves as _.（分数：0.80）A.revolutionaryB.unlikelyC.unassailableD.probable(3).The ideas attributed to T. H. Huxley in the passage suggest that he would most likely agree with which of the following statements?（分数：0.80）A.An animal“s br
32、ain size has little bearing on its ability to master complex behaviors.B.An animal“s appearance is often influenced by environmental requirements and physical capabilities.C.Animals within a given family group are unlikely to change their appearance dramatically over a period of time.D.The pterosaur
33、s should be classified as birds, not reptiles.(4).It can be inferred from the passage that which of the following is characteristic of the pterosaurs?（分数：0.80）A.They were unable to fold their wings when not in use.B.They hung upside down from branches as bats do before flight.C.They flew in order to
34、 capture prey.D.They were an early stage in the evolution of the birds.(5).Which of the following best describes the organization of the last paragraph of the passage?（分数：0.80）A.New evidence is introduced to support a traditional point of view.B.Three explanations for a phenomenon are presented, and
35、 each is disputed by means of specific information.C.Three hypotheses are outlined, and evidence supporting each is given.D.Recent discoveries are described, and their implications for future study are projected六、Passage 3(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Popular wisdom has traditionally held that all “normal“ women w
36、ant to marry and have children and that whatever other interests they might pursue are secondary to these family roles. Women who do not want to marry or mothers who do not enjoy being with their children are thought to be unusual or strange. To fill the traditional homemaker role, females have been
37、 expected, to develop a capacity for warmth, compassion, sensitivity, and caring. The traditional role of wife and mother has also carried with it a dependency on men, especially on the husband. Society still considers it perfectly reasonable for a woman to depend entirely on her husband for economi
38、c support. The traditional woman“s role had a number of benefits. For one thing, in an era of job scarcity, women were not usually obliged to earn a living for their families. In other words, society does not place as much pressure on women to achieve as it does on men. Although a woman may strive t
39、o reach the top of her profession, there is less shame for her in failure or in having only moderate success than there is for a man. Finally the female role allows women more emotional freedom than men. Women are permitted to express their doubts and vulnerability (脆弱); and they have more outlets f
40、or their tension and anxiety; and they have fewer inhibitions about seeking intimacy with others. But the traditional female role also has its costs. It has denied women full autonomy in most spheres of American life. The dependency taught to girls in childhood often leads to passivity and timidness
41、 in later life. In addition, the female role is associated with a higher incidence of certain kinds of emotional problems, such as depression. Perhaps this is partly because the isolation of homemakers have much opportunity for broodingespecially when the children have grown up and left home.（分数：5.0
42、0）(1).From a traditional point of view, a woman should _ .（分数：1.00）A.be loyal to her husbandB.cook meal at homeC.do part-time workD.be a housewife(2).We can learn from the text that people nowadays still believe that _ .（分数：1.00）A.a woman should not be independent of her husbandB.a woman should educ
43、ate herself beside housecaringC.a husband should solve his wife“s emotional problemsD.a husband should do family chores(3).It can be inferred from the text that if a female student fails a post-graduate test, she will _ .（分数：1.00）A.be severely criticizedB.not be blamedC.do a make-up testD.be passed(
44、4).It is the author“s opinion that women are more likely to suffer from emotional problems because _ .（分数：1.00）A.they are often alone at homeB.they have to do more houseworkC.they are more emotional than menD.they do not like to talk with others(5).It can be concluded from the text that the author m
45、ainly discusses _ .（分数：1.00）A.the ill effects of female roleB.the comparison between female and male role.C.the traditional female roleD.female role will be changed七、Passage 4(总题数：1，分数：5.00)The most subversive question about higher education has always been whether the college makes the student or t
46、he student makes the college. Along with skepticism, though, economic downturns also create one big countervailing force that pushes people toward college: many of them have nothing better to do. They have lost their jobs, or they find no jobs waiting for them after high school. In economic terms, t
47、he opportunity cost of going to school has been reduced. Over the course of the 1930s, the percentage of 17-year-old who graduated from high school jumped to 50 percent, from less than 30 percent. Boysmany of whom would have been working in better timesmade up the bulk of the influx. In our Great Re
48、cession, students have surged into community colleges. So who is rightthese students or the skeptics? It isn“t too much of an exaggeration to say that the field of labor economics has spent the past 30 years trying to come up with an answer. In one paper after another, economists have tried to ident
49、ify the portion of a person“s success for which schooling can fairly claim credit. One well-known study, co-researched by Alan Krueger, a Princeton professor now serving as the Treasury Department“ s chief economist, offered some support for the skeptics. It tracked top high-school students through their 30s and found that their alma maters had little impact on their earnings. Students who got into both, say, the University of Pennsylvania and Penn State made roughly the same amount of money, regardless of which they chose. Just as you might h
