1、公共英语四级分类模拟题 74 及答案解析(总分：55.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Glass is everywhere in our lives. It is so common 1 we hardly think about it. We 2 it when we look out of the window and if we wear glasses. We drink from it and sometimes eat from it. The light in our homes comes through g
2、lass windows in the daytime and from glass lights 3 . Glass 4 in homes, schools, businesses, industry, and automobiles. Fortunately for us, glass is 5 very inexpensive materials. The main material is sand from quartz rock. The mixture is heated until it becomes a syrupy 6 . When the liquid cools, it
3、 becomes glass. No one knows 7 first discovered glass or how. Early humans used obsidian, a natural glass 8 by volcanoes, to make tools and jewelry. People probably began making glass themselves around 3000 B.C. in Syria. Then in a war 9 Egypt and Syria in 1400 B. C., Syria became part of Egypt. The
4、 Egyptians took Syrian glassmakers 10 to Egypt, and over the centuries the entire eastern Mediterranean area became a glassmaking center. Probably around 300 B.C. the blowpipe 11 . Egyptian glassmakers developed the use of the blowpipe. They specialized 12 beautiful jewelry, dishes, and other contai
5、ners. The Romans soon started making their own glass. Then they 13 that glass could be used to make windows. 14 centuries later, Europeans made magnificent church windows 15 colored glass. 16 1900 companies have developed many new types of glass. Safety glass is a sandwich of glass and plastic. If i
6、t breaks, the pieces stay together 17 flying in all directions. This invention is very useful 18 automobile windows. Today most glass is made 19 machines in large factories. No one 20 it. People use television and computers to control the machines.（分数：20.00）A.thatB.whichC.whereD.asA.look forB.look i
7、nC.look afterD.look throughA.in nightB.at nightC.for nightD.with nightA.was usedB.usedC.is usedD.are usedA.made fromB.made ofC.make fromD.make ofA.solidB.the solidC.the liquidD.liquidA.whomB.whoeverC.whoD.whoseA.was fromB.formedC.was formedD.was formingA.betweenB.amongC.beneathD.bothA.fromB.goC.back
8、D.comeA.was discoveredB.was inventedC.discoveredD.inventedA.inB.onC.forD.fromA.knewB.recognizedC.toldD.realizedA.FewB.LittleC.A fewD.A littleA.fromB.toC.intoD.onA.BecauseB.AsC.ForD.SinceA.insteadB.take place ofC.instead ofD.replaceA.onB.ontoC.intoD.inA.intoB.forC.byD.fromA.smellsB.touchesC.seesD.fee
9、ls二、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：5.00)For many years, any discussion of reparations to compensate the descendants of African slaves for 246 years of bondage and another century of legalized discrimination was dismissed. Many whites and blacks alike sco
10、ffed at the idea, reasoning that slavery is part of the past that would only unleash new demons if it were resurrected. Opponents contend that the fledgling reparations movement overlooks many important facts. First, they assert, reparations usually are paid to direct victims, as was the case when t
11、he US government apologized and paid compensation to Japanese-Americans interned during World War . Similarly, Holocaust survivors have received payments from the Germans. In addition, not all blacks were slaves, and an estimated 3, 000 were slave owners. Also, many immigrants not only came to the U
12、nited States after slavery ended, but they also faced discrimination. Should they be paid reparations, too? Or should they receive them? And regardless of how much slave labor contributed to the United States“ wealth, opponents contend, blacks benefit from that wealth today. As a group, Afro-America
13、ns are the best-educated, wealthiest blacks on the planet. But that attitude is slowly changing. At least 10 cities, including Chicago, Detroit and Washington, have passed resolutions in the past two years urging federal hearings into the impact of slavery. Mainstream civil rights groups such as Nat
14、ional Association for the Advancement of Colored People, the National Urban League and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference regularly raise the issue. The surging interest in reparations parallels a heightened sensitivity to the horrors of slavery, in which as many as 6 million Africans peri
15、shed in the journey to the Americas alone. There also is growing attention being paid to the huge economic bounty that slavery created for private companies and the country as a whole. Earliest this year, Aetna Inc. apologized for selling insurance policies that compensated slave owners for financia
16、l losses when their slaves died. Last summer, the Hartford Courant in Connecticut printed a front-page apology for the profits it made from running ads for the sale of slaves and the capture of runaways. Next month, a new California law will require insurance companies to disclose any slave insuranc
17、e policies they may have issued. The state also is requiring University of Californian officials to assemble a team of scholars to research the history of slavery and report how current California businesses benefited. Proponents of reparations argue that, even for nearly a century after emancipatio
18、n in 1865, blacks legally were still excluded from the opportunities that became the cornerstones for the white middle-class.（分数：5.00）(1).The reasons put forward by opponents of reparations include all the following EXCEPT that _.（分数：1.00）A.compensations usually go to direct victimsB.blacks who came
19、 after slavery ended should not receive compensationsC.blacks now are enjoying the wealth they created under slaveryD.some blacks were slave owners instead of slaves(2).“Immigrants“ in paragraph 3 refers to _.（分数：1.00）A.Afro-AmericansB.non-white immigrantsC.Japanese-AmericansD.holocaust survivors(3)
20、.That the reparations movement is winning support in America is shown in the fact that _.（分数：1.00）A.federal hearings were held to investigate the impact of slaveryB.even mainstream civil rights groups were persuadedC.growing attention is being paid to the wealth of the blacksD.there was more public
21、awareness of the frightening experience of slavery(4).The two private companies that made public apology had _.（分数：1.00）A.compensated slave owners for financial lossesB.sold slaves and captured runawaysC.operated insurance and advertisement businessesD.depended on slavery for their existence(5).Whic
22、h of the following is true according to the passage?（分数：1.00）A.US government killed Japanese-Americans during World War .B.A new Californian law disclosed slave-insurance policies.C.National Urban League is one of the civil rights groups.D.Blacks faced no discrimination after liberation in 1865.五、Pa
23、ssage 2(总题数：1，分数：20.00)Stanford University scientists have weighed in on the “maybe not“ side of the debate after an extensive examination of four decades of research comparing organic and conventional foods. They concluded that fruits and vegetables labeled organic were, on average, not more nutrit
24、ious than their conventional counterparts, which tend to be far less expensive. Nor were they any less likely to be contaminated by dangerous bacteria like E. coli. The researchers also found no obvious health advantages of organic meats. Conventional fruits and vegetables did have more pesticide re
25、sidue, but the levels were almost always under the allowed safety limits, the scientists said. “When we began this project, we thought that there would likely be some findings that would support the superiority of organics over conventional foods,“ said Dr. Dena Bravata, a senior affiliate of Stanfo
26、rd“s Center for Health Policy and the senior author of the paper, which appears in Tuesday“s issue of the Annals of Internal Medicine. “I think we were definitely surprised.“ In the studyknown as a meta-analysis, in which previous findings are aggregated but no new laboratory work is conductedresear
27、chers combined data from 237 studies, examining a wide variety of fruits, vegetables and meats. For four years, they performed statistical analyses looking for signs of health benefits from adding organic foods to the diet. The researchers did not use any outside financing for their research. “I rea
28、lly wanted us to have no perception of bias,“ Dr. Bravata said. The study“s conclusions about pesticides did seem likely to please organic food customers. Over all, the Stanford researchers concluded that 38 percent of conventional products tested in the studies contained detectable residues, compar
29、ed with 7 percent for the organic produce. (Even products grown organically can be tainted by pesticides wafting over from a neighboring field or during processing and transporting.) They also noted a couple of studies that showed that children who ate organic produce had fewer pesticide traces in t
30、heir urine. Dr. Bravata agreed that people bought organic food for a variety of reasonsconcerns about the effects of pesticides on young children, the environmental impact of large-scale conventional farming and the potential public health threat if antibiotic-resistant bacterial genes jumped to hum
31、an pathogens. “Those are perfectly valid,“ she said. But if the choices were based mainly on the hope that organic foods would provide more nutrients, “I would say there is no robust evidence to choose one or the other,“ Dr. Bravata said.（分数：20.00）(1).According to Dr. Bravata, it is _ for people to
32、think that organics are better than conventional foods.（分数：4.00）A.naturalB.difficultC.surprisingD.impossible(2).Which of the following statements is TRUE?（分数：4.00）A.Organic fruits and vegetables have more pesticide residue.B.Organic fruits and vegetables tend to be less expensive.C.The research was
33、based on previous findings.D.The research used an outside financing.(3).People bought organic foods for different reasons EXCEPT _.（分数：4.00）A.the public health threatB.worrying about the pesticidesC.the price advantages of organic foodsD.the environment of conventional farming(4).What does the last
34、sentence mean?（分数：4.00）A.It is unnecessary for people to buy organic foods.B.It is necessary for people to buy conventional foods.C.Organic foods is better than conventional foods.D.Organic foods can not provide more nutrients.(5).The passage focuses on _.（分数：4.00）A.the prices of the organic foodsB.
35、the qualities of the organic foodsC.the nutrients of the organic foodsD.the pesticide residues of the organic foods六、Passage 3(总题数：1，分数：5.00)No company likes to be told it is contributing to the moral decline of a nation. “Is this what you like to accomplish with your careers?“ an American senator a
36、sked Time Warner executives recently. “You have sold your souls, but must you corrupt our nation and threaten our children as well?“ At Time Warner, however, such questions are simply the latest manifestation of the soulsearching that has involved the company ever since the company was born in 1990.
37、 It“s a self-examination that has, at different times, involved issues of responsibility, creative freedom and the corporate bottom line. At the core of this debate is chairman Gerald Levin, 56, who took over from the late Steve Ross in the early 1990s. On the financial front, Levin is under pressur
38、e to raise the stock price and reduce the company“s mountainous debt, which will increase to $17.3 billion after two new cable deals close. He has promised to sell off some of the property and restructure the company, but investors are waiting impatiently. The flap over rap is not making life any ea
39、sier for him. Levin has consistently defended the company“s rap music on the grounds of expression. In 1992, when Time Warner was under fire for releasing Ice-T“s violent rap song Cop Killer, Levin described rap as a lawful expression of street culture, which deserves an outlet. “The test of any dem
40、ocratic society, “he wrote in a Wall Street Journal column, “lies not in how well it can control expression but in whether it gives freedom of thought and expression the widest possible latitude, however disputable or irritating the results may sometimes be. We won“t retreat when we face any threats
41、. “ Levin would not comment on the debate last week, but there were signs that the chairman was backing off his hard-line stand, at least to some extent. During the discussion of rock singing verses at last month“s stockholders“ meeting, Levin asserted that “music is not the cause of society“s ills“
42、 and even cited his son, a teacher in the Bronx, New York, who uses rap to communicate with students. But he talked as well about the “balanced struggle“ between creative freedom and social responsibility, and he proclaimed that the company would launch a drive to develop standards for distribution
43、and labeling of potentially objectionable music. The 15-member Time Warner board is generally supportive of Levin and his corporate strategy. But insiders say some of them have shown their concerns in this matter. “Some of us have known for many, many years that the freedoms under the First Amendmen
44、t are not totally unlimited, “says Luce. “I think it is perhaps the case that some people associated with the company have only recently come to realize this. “（分数：5.00）(1).An American senator criticized Time Warner for _.（分数：1.00）A.its raising of the corporate stock priceB.its self-examination of t
45、he soulC.its neglect of social responsibilityD.its emphasis on creative freedom(2).The word “flap“ ( Para. 3 ) here means _.（分数：1.00）A.controversyB.fearC.disasterD.solution(3).In 1992, Time Warner caused public outrage because it _.（分数：1.00）A.sacked workers as a result of restructuringB.issued a rec
46、ord promoting violenceC.advocated the culture of the streetD.challenged the freedom of expression in democratic society(4).In the face of recent attacks on the company, Levin _.（分数：1.00）A.stuck to a strong stand to defend freedom of expressionB.softened his tone and introduced a new initiativeC.yiel
47、ded to objections and resigned from the companyD.requested unconditional support from the 15-member board(5).We can infer from the last paragraph that _.（分数：1.00）A.profits and social responsibility can rarely go hand in hand in the companyB.few people are concerned about corporate responsibilityC.th
48、e debate over Time Warner“ s policy will soon involve other companiesD.the Time Warner Board“s opinion of the company“s policy is divided七、Passage 4(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Orchids are unique in having the most highly developed of all blossoms, in which the usual male and female reproductive organs are fused
49、in a single structure called the column. The column is designed so that a single pollination will fertilize hundreds of thousands, and in some cases millions, of seeds, so microscopic and light that they are easily carried by the breeze. Surrounding the column are three sepals and three petals, sometimes easily recognizable as such, often distorted into gorgeous, weird, but always functional shapes. The most noticeable of the petals is called the labellum, or lip. It is often dramatically marked as an unmistakable landing str
