1、公共英语四级-阅读理解题(三)及答案解析(总分：40.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Unit 1lilist-style-(总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part ARead the follo(总题数：0，分数：0.00)三、Text 4(总题数：1，分数：5.00)There are two types of people in the world. Although they have equal degrees of health and wealth and the other comforts of life, one becomes happy, the other beco
2、mes miserable. This arises from the different ways in which they consider things, persons, the events, and the resulting effects upon their minds.The people who are to be happy fix their attention on the conveniences of things, the pleasant parts of conversation, the well-prepared dishes, the goodne
3、ss of the wines, and the fine weather. They enjoy all the cheerful things. Those who are to be unhappy think and speak only of the contrary things. Therefore, they are continually discontented. By their remarks, they sour the pleasures of society, offend many people, and make themselves disagreeable
4、 everywhere. If this turn of mind were founded in nature, such unhappy persons would be the more to be pitied. The tendency to criticize and be disgusted is perhaps taken up originally by imitation. It grows into a habit, unknown to its possessor. The habit may be strong, but it may be cured when th
5、ose who have it are convinced of its bad effects on their interests and tastes. I hope this little warming may be of service to them, and help them change this habit.Although in fact it is chiefly an act of the imagination, it has serious consequences in life, since it brings, on deep sorrow and bad
6、 luck. Those people offend many others, nobody loves them, and no one treats them with more than the most common politeness and respect, and scarcely that. This frequently puts them in bad temper and draws them into arguments. If they aim at obtaining some advantage in rank or fortune, nobody wishes
7、 them success. Nor will anyone speak a word to favor their hopes. If they bring on themselves public disapproval, not one will defend or excuse them. These people should change this bad habit. If they do not, it will be good for others to avoid any contact with them.（分数：5.00）(1).This passage tells u
8、s that those who are always dissatisfied with the situation they are in will live_. A. a happy life B. a miserable life C. a wealthier life than those who are always satisfied D. a life full of imagination（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).In the second paragraph, the expression “sour the pleasures of society“ me
9、ans_. A. make the pleasures of society disappear B. do not enjoy the pleasures of society C. deny the existence of the pleasures of society D. criticize the society because of its lack of pleasures（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The unhappy peoples bad habit of viewing things may be cured_. A. when they are aw
10、are of its adverse consequences in their life B. if they can imitate the happy people C. if they can have more imagination D. when they can form the habit of arguing with others（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The author advises other people to_. A. avoid any contact with the unhappy people if they wont get rid
11、 of their bad habits B. keep in touch with the unhappy people even if they wont get rid of their bad habits C. be more sympathetic with the unhappy people D. be more helpful to the unhappy people（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).We can infer from the passage that a positive attitude towards life may bring_. A. s
12、uccess B. good habits C. friendship D. happiness（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.四、Part B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Unlike some other arthritis treatments, there doesnt appear to be anything actually harmful about the Free Enterprise Rado
13、n Health Mine in Boulder, Mont. True, radio-active radon gasthe active ingredient in what the mines owners advertise as “the unmedical approach to anthritis“can cause cancer. (21)UBut while the radiation level in the old uranium mine is 175 times the federal standard for dwellings, patients spend on
14、ly a couple of hours a day down therenot enough to be dangerous by itself./U The average patients age is 72, according to Adrian Howe, chief of the state Occupational Health Bureay; since “the time it takes for lung cancer to develop in an adult is 15 to 30 years, its likely that other potential cau
15、ses of death might occur before lung cancer.“Is it odd that people would seek out a known carcinogen in their quest for relief from arthritis? Not really. Arthritis patients are particularly apt to try unproven treatments; one study found that 94 percent of a group of patients had tried at least one
16、 unconventional therapy. Conventional therapies often dont work and can have unpleasant side effects.(22)UPain is subjective, notoriously prone to the placebo effect,/U the temporary improvement that may follow even medically useless treatments. The symptoms of arthritis can become much weaker for a
17、 time no apparent reason, and it is easy for patients to be fooled by such a phenomenon. People who take unconventional cures “get“ pain relief, “not an actual decrease in swelling of the joints or changes in lab-test results,“ says Dr. Frederic McDuffie, director of the Arthritis Center at Atlantas
18、 Piedmont Hospital. “Who can tell them theyre not feeling better?“(23) UAlmost every substance that can be packaged has been sold as an arthritis treatment at one time or another./U These range from the merely misnamed (“arthritis formula“ painkillers, in which the formula is aspirin) to the harmles
19、s but useless (copper bracelets) to the repulsive (injections of turtle blood, because turtles live a long time without getting arthritis) and the dangerous (unsupervised doses of steroids). Just last month a supermarket newspaper carried a front-page story on a “wonder salad dressing“ for arthritis
20、 (garlic oil and cider vinegar). In one experiment, people believed that spraying joints with the household lubricant was beneficial.(24) URadon mines at least boast a distant medical antecedent/U. At one time, McDuffie says, radiation therapy was used to treat a severe spinal arthritis. Unfortunate
21、ly, he adds, “the amount of radiation they had to give to produce relief caused leukemia.“ Daryl Parker, president of the free Enterprise mine, claims that in radon therapy the gas “works as a powerful nerve and cell stimulant that has a profound effect on the central nervous system, it stimulates t
22、he boys own ability to heal itself.“(25) UIt is a powerful tribute to either nerve stimulation or the power of suggestion that people say they really do feel better after sitting in a damp, 50-degree cavern for two hours a day./U As many as 120 people daily spend $3.50 an hour to descend 80 feet int
23、o the granite-walled tunnel and breathe the stimulating emanations. “Ive been to a number of doctors. Ive been to healers in the Philippines, and sitting in the mine gives me more relief than anything,“ says 69-year-old D.M. Langford, who drives up to the mine twice a year from the San Joaquin Valle
24、y. “I get where I cant walk if I dont come up here.“ As McDuffie says, who can tell him hes not feeling better?（分数：5.00）填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_五、Unit 2(总题数：0，分数：0.00)六、Part ARead the follo(总题数：0，分数：0.00)七、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：5.00)A newly published AIDS study could open another front in the b
25、attle against HIV infection by showing that gene therapy can be used to stop infected cells from spreading the deadly virus, researchers said.In a test-tube experiment believed to be the first of its kind, researchers based at Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia were able to block the operation of th
26、e “tat“ gene that allows HIV to spread throughout the body from infected cells.Up to now, genetic AIDS research has concentrated on finding ways to help healthy cells withstand the ravages of the HIV virus that infects an estimated 16,000 new victims a day, mainly in the developing world.But by work
27、ing with human cells already infected with HIV, the team was able to reduce the tat genes virus-replicating functions by 80 percent to 90 percent, according to findings published in the journal Gene Therapy.That, researchers said, raises the possibility of a new gene therapy approach capable of supp
28、lementing the current drug-based treatment known as highly active antiretroviral therapy, or HAART, which is used to stop HIV infection from becoming full-blown AIDS.In recent studies, HAART has proved to be a costly drug regimen that poses serious side effects for HIV patients while delivering ques
29、tionable results.“This is proof of the concept that HIV replication could be inhibited by a genetic approach, though were not at 100 percent yet,“ said Dr. Stuart Starr, a study coauthor and chief of immunologic infectious diseases at Childrens Hospital.“Everyone thinks of an antiviral approach, or
30、an immunologic approach (to HIV). This adds another option into the equation that could become more important as other options prove not to be totally successful.“Key to the study was an artificially produced “antitat“ gene provided by the Washingtonbased Research Institute for Genetic and Human The
31、rapy.Childrens Hospital researchers used a mouse retrovirus to deliver the antitat gene into HIV-infected U-1 and ACH-2 cells, which were developed in the lab from the tissues of living HIV patients.They found that when the antitat protein combined with the tat gene, it successfully inhibited the ge
32、nes operation without disturbing healthy cells or causing toxic side-effects.The study, funded by a private foundation, also found that the introduction of the antitat gene prolonged the survival of immune-system cells called CD4+T lymphocytes.Starr said researchers have entered preliminary discussi
33、ons with a New England-based primate center, where animal experiments could be carried out on infected macaque monkeys.If animal experiments proved successful, the Childrens Hospital team would hope to have a gene therapy treatment ready for human clinical trials in three to four years.（分数：5.00）(1).
34、What is the passage mainly about? A. AIDS study raises hopes for gene therapy treatment. B. A new killer of HIV virus. C. Research on gene therapy. D. Gene therapy proves to be the ultimate solution to HIV infection.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).The gene therapy can curb HIV infection by_. A. helping healthy
35、 cells withstand the ravages of HIV virus B. completely stopping the infected cells from spreading C. considerably inhibiting the tat gene from working D. isolating HIV virus from the healthy cells（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The gene therapy differs from HAART in that_. A. HAART is presently employed as a
36、drug-based treatment B. the gene therapy plays a minor role in relation to HAART C. the gene therapy can stop HIV infection from becoming full-blown AIDS D. HAART may produce questionable results, while gene therapy will certainly not（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).According to Dr. Stuart Starr, _. A. the othe
37、r options proved totally unsuccessful B. everyone knows how to deal with HIV virus effectively C. the new therapy is but one among a number of options D. the new approach might take the place of other therapies（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The researchers found that_. A. the gene therapy could be verified by
38、 animal experiments B. the antitat gene may be artificially produced C. antitat protein functions without causing any side-effects D. antitat gene enhances the human immune system（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.八、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：5.00)A wise man once said that the only thing necessary for the triumph of evil is for
39、 good men to do nothing. So, as a police officer, I have some urgent things to say to good people.Day after day my men and I struggle to hold back a tidal wave of crime. Something has gone terribly wrong with our once-prod American way of life. It has happened in the area of values. A key ingredient
40、 is disappearing, and I think I know what it is: accountability.Accountability isnt hard to define. It means that every person is responsible for his or her actions and liable for their consequences.Of the many values that hold civilization together-honesty, kindness, and so onaccountability may be
41、the most important of all. Without it, there can be no respect, no trust, no lawand, ultimately, no society.My job as a police officer is to impose accountability on people who refuse, or have never learned, to impose it on themselves. But as every policeman knows, external controls on peoples behav
42、ior are far less effective than internal restraints such as guilt, shame and embarrassment.Fortunately there are still communitiessmaller towns, usuallywhere schools maintain discipline and where parents hold up standards that proclaim: “In this family certain things are not toleratedthey simply are
43、 not done!“Yet more and more, especially in our larger cities and suburbs, these inner restraints are loosening. Your typical robber has done. He considers your property his property; he takes what he wants, including your life if you enrage him.The main cause of this break-down is a radical shift i
44、n attitudes. Thirty years ago, if a crime was committed, society was considered the victim. Now, in a shocking reversal, its the criminal who is considered victimized: by his underprivileged upbringing, by the school that didnt teach him to read, by the church that failed to reach him with moral gui
45、dance, by the parents who didnt provide a stable home.I dont believe it. Many others in equally disadvantaged circumstances choose not to engage in criminal activities. If we free the criminal, even partly, from accountability, we become a society of endless excuses where no one accepts responsibili
46、ty for anything.We in America desperately need more people who believe that the person who commits a crime is the one responsible for it.（分数：5.00）(1).What the wise man said suggests that_. A. its unnecessary for good people to do anything in face of evil B. its certain that evil will prevail if good
47、 men do nothing about it C. its only natural for virtue to defeat evil D. its desirable for good men to keep away from evil（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the author, if a person is found guilty of a crime,_. A. society is to be held responsible B. modern civilization is responsible for it C. the
48、criminal himself should bear the blame D. the standards of living should be improved（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Compared with those in small towns, people in large cities have_. A. less self-discipline B. better sense of discipline C. more mutual respect D. less effective government（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).The writer is sorry to have noticed that_. A. people in large cities tend to excuse criminals B. people in small towns still stick to old discipline and standards C. todays society lacks sympathy for people in difficulty D. people in disadvantaged circumstan
