1、公共英语四级-473 及答案解析(总分：100.00，做题时间：90 分钟)一、Section Listening (总题数：0，分数：0.00)二、Part A(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Subject: EmailA mode of _ 1Usage:In business settings, it is best used to convey key informa-tion, to confirm _; to document decision; to contact adecision maker directly.2Never say something about someon
2、e else that you would notwant that person to see.Take time to think about your _ line. 3Avoid using all _ letters in your messages. 4Tips for you to im-prove your digitalmessage. Be careful about any use of sarcasm and _. 5（分数：5.00）(1).Subject: EmailA mode of _ 1Usage:In business settings, it is bes
3、t used to convey key informa-tion, to confirm _; to document decision; to contact adecision maker directly.2Never say something about someone else that you would notwant that person to see.Take time to think about your _ line. 3Avoid using all _ letters in your messages. 4Tips for you to im-prove yo
4、ur digitalmessage. Be careful about any use of sarcasm and _. 5（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(2).Subject: EmailA mode of _ 1Usage:In business settings, it is best used to convey key informa-tion, to confirm _; to document decision; to contact a2decision maker directly.Never say something about someone else that y
5、ou would notwant that person to see.Take time to think about your _ line. 3Avoid using all _ letters in your messages. 4Tips for you to im-prove your digitalmessage. Be careful about any use of sarcasm and _. 5（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(3).Subject: EmailA mode of _ 1Usage:In business settings, it is best used
6、 to convey key informa-tion, to confirm _; to document decision; to contact adecision maker directly.2Never say something about someone else that you would notwant that person to see.Take time to think about your _ line. 3Avoid using all _ letters in your messages. 4Tips for you to im-prove your dig
7、italmessage. Be careful about any use of sarcasm and _. 5（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(4).Subject: EmailA mode of _ 1Usage:In business settings, it is best used to convey key informa-tion, to confirm _; to document decision; to contact adecision maker directly.2Never say something about someone else that you wou
8、ld notwant that person to see.Take time to think about your _ line. 3Avoid using all _ letters in your messages. 4Tips for you to im-prove your digitalmessage. Be careful about any use of sarcasm and _. 5（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_(5).Subject: EmailA mode of _ 1Usage:In business settings, it is best used to co
9、nvey key informa-tion, to confirm _; to document decision; to contact adecision maker directly.2Never say something about someone else that you would notwant that person to see.Take time to think about your _ line. 3Avoid using all _ letters in your messages. 4Tips for you to im-prove your digitalme
10、ssage. Be careful about any use of sarcasm and _. 5（分数：1.00）填空项 1:_三、Part B(总题数：1，分数：5.00)填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_填空项 1:_四、Part C(总题数：3，分数：10.00)Questions 11-13 are based on the following talk about cloning. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 11-13.（分数：3.00）(1).What has cloning bypassed?A
11、. The nuclear transfer B. The process taking DNAC. The normal reproductive process D. The creation of cells（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).Whats the big breakthrough with Dolly, the first cloned animal?A. It makes a clone from an ordinary, adult cell.B. It makes the first normal and healthy cloned animal.C. It
12、 paves the way to the cloning of human beings.D. It makes a cloned animal with only mother.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Which country first passed the law banning human cloning?A. The United States B. The United KingdomC. Switzerland D. Russia（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 14-16 are based on the talk about No T
13、obacco Day. You now have 15 seconds to read Questions 14-16.（分数：3.00）(1).What is the target group for this years “No Tobacco Day“?A. Children under 16 B. Men between 20 and 33 years oldC. Women D. Old people with serious diseases（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What is the recent important development observed
14、in developing countries?A. The number of smokers has been falling about 2 percent a year.B. The number of smokers has been rising 20 percent a year.C. The number of smokers has been rising 2 percent a year.D. The number of smokers has been falling 20 percent a year.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).What is the g
15、ood of the World Health Organization?A. To set a “smoke-free“ worldB. To teach the people in developing countries a lessonC. To forbid farmers to grow tobaccoD. To forbid smokers to buy tobacco products（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.Questions 17- 20 are based on the dialogue. You now have 20 seconds to read Quest
16、ions 17-20.（分数：4.00）(1).Why does the woman say she has mixed feeling ?A. She wasnt quite ready to come back to campus.B. There are more endangered species in zoos than in the wild.C. The birds wont learn to keep away from people.D. She might change her major.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).What was the womans
17、job?A. Counting wildlife B. Cleaning cagesC. Training baby birds D. Making puppets（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).Why does the man mention tigers and pandas?A. He once had a job in a zoo.B. Theyre familiar examples of endangered species.C. Hes interested in the genetics of mammals.D. They also become attached
18、to humans.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Why do the staff members cover themselves with cloth as they work?A. So that they are protected from scratches by the cranes talons.B. So that they arent exposed to infectious diseases.C. So that the chicks can be examined in a sterile environment.D. So that the chicks
19、 dont become dependent on human being.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.五、Section Use of Eng(总题数：1，分数：20.00)It is often observed that the aged spend much time thinking and talking about their past lives, (21) about the future. These reminiscences are not simply random or trivial memories, (22) is their purpose merel
20、y to make conversation. The old persons recollections of the past help to (23) an identity that is becoming increasingly fragile: (24) any role that brings respect or any goal that might provide (25) to the future, the individual mentions their past as a reminder to listeners, that here was a life (
21、26) living. (27) , the memories form part of a continuing life (28) , in which the old person (29) the events and experiences of the years gone by and (30) on the overall meaning of his or her own almost completed life.As the life cycle (31) to its close, the aged must also learn to accept the reali
22、ty of their own impending (即将发生的) death. (32) this task is made difficult by the fact that death is almost a (33) subject in the United States. The mere discussion of death is often regarded as (34) As adults many of us find the topic frightening and are (35) to think about it-and certainly not to t
23、alk about it (36) the presence of someone who is dying. Death has achieved this taboo (37) only in the modern industrial societies. There seems to be an important reason for our reluctance to (38) the idea of death. It is the very fact that death remains (39) our control; it is almost the only one o
24、f the natural processes (40) is so.（分数：20.00）(1).A. better than B. rather than C. less than D. other than（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).A. so B. even C. nor D. hardly（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).A. preserve B. conserve C. resume D. assume（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).A. performing B. playing C. undertaking D. lacking（分数：1.00）
25、A.B.C.D.(5).A. orientation B. implication C. succession D. presentation（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(6).A. worthy B. worth C. worthless D. worthwhile（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(7).A. In a word B. In brief C. In addition D. In particular（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(8).A. prospect B. impetus C. impression D. review（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(9
26、).A. integrates B. incorporates C. includes D. interacts（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(10).A. reckons B. counts C. reflects D. conceive（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(11).A. keeps B. draws C. inclines D. tends（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(12).A. Therefore B. And C. Yet D. Otherwise（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(13).A. taboo B. dispute C. contempt D.
27、neglect（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(14).A. notorious B. indecent C. obscure D. desperate（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(15).A. ready B. willing C. liable D. reluctant（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(16).A. at B. on C. with D. in（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(17).A. status B. circumstance C. environment D. priority（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(18).A. encounter B.
28、confront C. tolerate D. expose（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(19).A. under B. above C. beyond D. within（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(20).A. which B. what C. as D. that（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.六、Section Reading Co(总题数：0，分数：0.00)七、Part A(总题数：0，分数：0.00)八、Text 1(总题数：1，分数：5.00)Six years later, in an about-face, the FBI admits that federa
29、l agents fired tear gas canisters capable of causing a fire at the Branch Davidian compound near Waco, Texas in 1993. But the official said the firing came several hours before the structure burst into flames, killing 80 people including the Davidians leader, David Koresh.“In looking into this, weve
30、 come across information that shows some canisters that can be deemed pyrotechnic in nature were fired-hours before the fire started,“ the official said. “Devices were fired at the bunker, not at the main structure where the Davidians were camped out. “The Federal Bureau of Investigation maintains i
31、t did not start what turned to be a series of fiery bursts of flames that ended a 51-day standoff between branch members and the federal government. “This doesnt change the bottom line that David Koresh started the fire and the government did not,“ the official said. “It simply shows that devices th
32、at could probably be flammable were used in the early morning hours. “The law enforcement official said the canisters were fired not at the main structure where the Davidian members were camped out but at the nearby underground bunker. They bounced off the bunkers concrete roof and landed in an open
33、 field well, the official said. The canisters were fired at around 6 a.m. , and the fire that destroyed the wooden compound started around noon, the official said. The official also added that other tear gas canisters used by agent that day were not flammable or potentially explosive.While Coulson d
34、enied the grenades played a role in starting the fire, his statement marked the first time that any U.S. government official had publicly contradicted the governments position that federal agents used nothing on the final day of the siege at Waco that could have sparked the fire that engulfed the co
35、mpound. The cause of the fiery end is a major focus of an ongoing inquiry by the Texas Rangers into the Waco siege.（分数：5.00）(1).The FBI official has NOT admitted that _.A. the canisters were fired at the main structureB. the canisters were fired hours before the fire startedC. federal agents fired t
36、ear gas canisters capable of causing a fireD. other tear gas canisters that were not flammable or potentially explosive were also used（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).From the passage, what information can be inferred about the event in 1993?A. The compound was blown up by the FBI agents.B. The compound burst i
37、nto flames at dawn.C. The federal government besieged the compound for 51 days before the tragedy occurred.D. About 80 people were killed in the event except the Davidians leader, David Koresh.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).After reading the passage, how much do you know about the compound near Waco?A. About
38、51 people lived in the compound at the time of the event in 1993.B. It consisted of a main structure and a bunker.C. It was built of stone.D. It was a schoolhouse.（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(4).Coulsons speech has _.A. made the matter even more complicated and confusingB. been approved by the governmentC. met
39、 sharp criticismD. brought the whole matter into broad daylight（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(5).The attitude of the narrator towards this message is _.A. neutral B. bitter C. excited D. expectant（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.九、Text 2(总题数：1，分数：5.00)The question of whether war is inevitable is one, which has concerned many of
40、 the worlds great writers. Before considering this question, it will be useful to introduce some related concepts. Conflict, defined as opposition among social entities directed against one another, is distinguished from competition, defined as opposition among social entities independently striving
41、 for something, which is in inadequate supply. Competitors may not be aware of one another, while the parties to a conflict are. Conflict and competition are both categories of opposition, which has been defined as a process by which social entities function is the disservice of one another.Oppositi
42、on is thus contrasted with cooperation, the process by which social entities function in the service of one another. These definitions are necessary because it is important to emphasize that competition between individuals or groups is inevitable in a world of limited resources, but conflict is not.
43、 Conflict, nevertheless, is very likely to occur, and is probably an essential and desirable element of human societies.Many authors have argued for the inevitability of war from the premise that in the struggle for existence among animal species, only the fittest survive. In general, however, this
44、struggle in nature is competition, not conflict. Social animals, such as monkeys and cattle, fight to win or maintain leadership of the group. The struggle for existence occurs not in such fights, but in the competition for limited feeding areas and for occupancy of areas free from meat-eating anima
45、ls. Those who fail in this competition starve to death or become victims to other species. This struggle for existence does not resemble human war, but rather the competition of individuals for jobs, markets, and materials. The essence of the struggle is the competition for the necessities of life t
46、hat are insufficient to satisfy all.Among nations there is competition in developing resources, trades, skills, and a satisfactory way of life. The successful nations grow and prosper; the unsuccessful decline. While it is true that this competition may induce efforts to expand territory at the expe
47、nse of others, and thus lead to conflict, it cannot be said that war-like conflict among nations is inevitable, although competition is.（分数：5.00）(1).In the first paragraph, the author gives the definitions of some terms in order to _.A. argue for the similarities between animal societies and human s
48、ocietiesB. smooth out the conflicts in human societiesC. distinguish between two kinds of oppositionD. summarize the characteristic features of opposition and cooperation（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(2).According to the author, competition differs from conflict in that _.A. it results in war in most casesB. it induces efforts to expand territoryC. it is a kind of opposition among social entitiesD. it is essentially a struggle for existence（分数：1.00）A.B.C.D.(3).The phrase “function in the disservice of one another“ (Para. 1) most pro
